Description
Gramicidin S (Gramicidin soviet) is a cationic cyclic peptide antibiotic that selectively targets bacterial cell membranes and has anticancer activity. Gramicidin S also exerts antibacterial activity by destroying membrane integrity and interfering with membrane protein function. Gramicidin S inserts into the phospholipid bilayer through hydrophobic amino acid residues, specifically binds to negatively charged membrane lipids and disrupts membrane structure, thereby inhibiting cell division and cell wall synthesis, and ultimately causing bacterial death. Gramicidin S also inhibits ion channels, with IC50s of 41 µM, 24 µM, and 3 µM for Na+/K+-ATPase, tobacco leaf plasma membrane Mg2+/K+-ATPase, and rat heart plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, respectively[1][2][3]