| Description | DescriptionCAR10 is a kit that contains a selection of 10 carbohydrates/sugars: Arabinose, Fructose, Galactose, Glucose, α-Lactose, Maltose, Mannose, Ribose, Sucrose and Xylose, which may be used for general research, as reagents or as reference compounds in analytical procedures | Product content C665709Component50 TStorageC665709ABuffer CL45 mLRTC665709BBuffer CB (concentrate)60 mLRTC665709CBuffer GW1 (concentrate)13 mLRTC665709DBuffer GW2 (concentrate)15 mLRTC665709EBuffer EBL10 mLRTC665709FProteinase K100 mgRTC665709GProteinase K Storage Buffer5 mLRTC665709HSpin Columns DFProduct content C665709Component50 TStorageC665709ABuffer CL45 mLRTC665709BBuffer CB (concentrate)60 mLRTC665709CBuffer GW1 (concentrate)13 mLRTC665709DBuffer GW2 (concentrate)15 mLRTC665709EBuffer EBL10 mLRTC665709FProteinase K100 mgRTC665709GProteinase K Storage Buffer5 mLRTC665709HSpin Columns DF with Collection Tubes50 EA2-8℃C665709ICentrifuge Tubes (L-1.5 mL)50 EART Product IntroductionThis kit is suitable for the extraction of free DNA from fresh or frozen serum, plasma, lymph fluid and other cell-free body fluids.This kit adopts centrifugal adsorption columns that can specifically bind nucleic acids and a unique buffer system.After the sample is lysed, the free DNA binds to the silica gel membrane under high salt conditions, and the free DNA elutes from the silica gel membrane at low salt and high pH. The product can handle liquid samples of 0.1-1 ml, and the elution volume of the configured high-efficiency micro adsorption column can be as low as 20 µl. The purified DNA is of high yield and quality, with maximum removal of proteins, pigments, lipids, and other inhibitors, and the rate of free DNA yield is highly dependent on the type of samples, storage conditions, time, and inter-individual variations. The quality of free DNA obtained from purification is stable and reliable, and can be directly used in molecular biology experiments such as PCR, fluorescence quantitative PCR and second generation sequencing.Self-contained reagents: anhydrous ethanol, isopropanol.Pre-experiment Preparation and Important NotesAdd 5 ml of Proteinase K Storage Buffer to Proteinase K to dissolve it and store it at -20℃. Do not leave the prepared Proteinase K at room temperature for a long time.Repeated freezing and thawing of the sample should be avoided, as this can lead to a decrease in extraction.This kit can extract 0.1-1 ml of liquid samples.Before use, please check Buffer CL, Buffer CB for crystallization or precipitation, if there is any crystallization or precipitation, please re-dissolve Buffer CL, Buffer CB by incubation at 56℃ in a water bath.Before first use isopropyl alcohol should be added to Buffer CB according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label, mixed well, and labeled on the reagent bottle label.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer GW1 and Buffer GW2 according to the instructions on the label of the reagent bottle, mixed well, and labeled on the label of the reagent bottle.Preheat the water bath to 60°C before starting the experiment.The elution buffer Buffer EBL can be preheated to 60°C and used.Operation stepsAdd 20 µl of Proteinase K to the centrifuge tube (supplied).Add 200 µl of serum/plasma sample.Note: When the sample volume exceeds 200 µl, please increase the amount of Proteinase K, Buffer CL and Buffer CB reagents in equal proportions, and the specific amount of reagents added can be referred to the attached table.3. Add 160 µl Buffer CL, mix upside down and shake vigorously for at least 30 seconds.4. Incubate at 60°C for 30 minutes, during which time mixing was inverted several times.Note: Incubation of 200µl serum/plasma samples at 60°C for 10-15 minutes is sufficient.Add 360 µl of Buffer CB (check for addition of isopropanol before use) and shake until thoroughly mixed.Ice bath for 5 minutes and centrifuge briefly to concentrate the liquid on the walls and wall caps to the bottom of the tube.Add all of the solution obtained in step 6 to the adsorption columns (Spin Columns DF) that have been loaded into the collection tubes, and if the solution cannot be added all at once, it can be transferred in several times. centrifuge the columns at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, pour off the waste solution from the collection tubes, and put the columns back into the collection tubes.Add 500µl of Buffer GW1 to the adsorbent column (check that anhydrous ethanol is added before use),centrifuge the column at 12,000rpm for 30 seconds, pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube, and put the adsorbent column back into the collection tube.Add 750 µl Buffer GW2 to the adsorbent column (check that anhydrous ethanol is added before use), centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 30 seconds, pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube, and put the adsorbent column back into the collection tube.10. Add 750 µl of anhydrous ethanol to the adsorbent column and centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 30 s. Pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube and put the adsorbent column back into the collection tube.11. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 2 minutes and pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube. Leave the adsorption column at room temperature for several minutes to dry thoroughly.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which can interfere with the subsequent enzymatic reaction.12. Place the adsorption column in a new centrifuge tube, add 20-100 µl Buffer EBL or sterilized water to the middle part of the adsorption column overhanging the column, leave it at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, collect the DNA solution, and store the DNA at -20℃.Note: 1) If the downstream experiment is sensitive to pH, you can use sterilized water for elution. The pH value of the eluent has a great influence on the elution efficiency, if water is used as the eluent should ensure that its pH value is 7.0-8.5 (you can use NaOH to adjust the pH value of water to this range), and the elution efficiency is not high when the pH value is lower than 7.0.2) Preheat the elution buffer BufferEBL to 60℃ and use it, and incubate it at room temperature for 5 minutes before centrifugation to increase the yield.3) If the final concentration of DNA is to be increased, the resulting solution can be reintroduced into the adsorption column and left at room temperature for 2-5 minutes and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute.4) Because DNA preserved in water will be affected by acidic hydrolysis, for long-term storage, it is recommended to elute it with Buffer EBL and store it at -20℃.Table: Recommended reagent additions for different sample sizes... Read More | Product content:E665636Component50 TStorageE665636ABuffer P115 mLRTE665636BBuffer P215 mLRTE665636CBuffer E315 mLRTE665636DBuffer PS15 mLRTE665636EBuffer PW (concentrate)10 mLRTE665636FEndo-Free Buffer EB10 mLRTE665636GRNase A (10 mg/mL)150 µLRTE665636HEndo-Remover FMwith Collection Tubes50 Product content:E665636Component50 TStorageE665636ABuffer P115 mLRTE665636BBuffer P215 mLRTE665636CBuffer E315 mLRTE665636DBuffer PS15 mLRTE665636EBuffer PW (concentrate)10 mLRTE665636FEndo-Free Buffer EB10 mLRTE665636GRNase A (10 mg/mL)150 µLRTE665636HEndo-Remover FMwith Collection Tubes50 EARTE665636ISpin Columns DMwith Collection Tubes50 EART Product Introduction:Endotoxins are a common pollutant in plasmid extraction. Due to the high sensitivity of eukaryotic cells to endotoxins, the presence of endotoxins in plasmids can greatly reduce the transfection efficiency of eukaryotic cells. This reagent kit provides a simple, fast, and efficient new method for extracting endotoxin free plasmids. The extracted plasmids remove endotoxins to the maximum extent possible and can effectively remove contamination of genomic DNA, RNA, proteins, etc. The operation is simple and convenient. This reagent kit is suitable for extracting 1-5mL of bacterial solution. On the basis of alkaline lysis of cells, it efficiently and specifically binds plasmid DNA through a new silicon-based membrane. Each adsorption column can adsorb up to 40% µ The plasmid DNA of g is effectively removed using a special buffer system and endotoxin removal filter column, effectively removing impurities such as endotoxins and proteins. The plasmid obtained from this kit has high purity and stable quality, making it particularly suitable for cell transfection. It can also be used for downstream experiments such as DNA sequencing, PCR, PCR based mutations, in vitro transcription, transformed bacteria, and endonuclease digestion.Self prepared reagents: anhydrous ethanol, isopropanol.Preparation and important precautions before the experiment：1. All components can be stably stored for 1 year in a dry, room temperature (15-30 ℃) environment. The adsorption column can be stored for a longer time at 2-8 ℃. Buffer P1 with RNase A added can be stably stored for 6 months at 2-8 ℃. 2. Before the first use, add all RNase A solution to Buffer P1, mix well, and store at 2-8 ℃. Before use, let it sit at room temperature for a period of time. After returning to room temperature, use.3.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to the Buffer PW according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.4. Before use, please check if there is any crystallization or precipitation in Buffer P2 and Buffer E3. If there is any crystallization or precipitation, you can take a water bath at 37 ℃ for a few minutes to restore clarity.5. Be careful not to come into direct contact with Buffer P2 and Buffer E3, and immediately cover them tightly after use.6.The amount and purity of plasmid extraction are related to factors such as bacterial culture concentration, strain type, plasmid size, and plasmid copy number.Operation steps：1. Take 1-5 mL of overnight cultured bacterial solution and add it to a centrifuge tube (provided). Centrifuge at 13000 rpm (~16200 × g) for 30 seconds to collect bacteria, and try to discard all the supernatant as much as possible.2. Add 250 to the centrifuge tube containing bacterial sediment µ L Buffer P1 (please check if RNase A has been added first), mix thoroughly with a pipette or vortex oscillator, and suspend bacterial precipitation.Attention: If the bacterial blocks are not thoroughly mixed, it will affect the cracking effect, resulting in low extraction amount and purity.3. Add 250 to the centrifuge tube µ L Buffer P2, gently invert and mix 8-10 times, allowing the bacterial cells to fully lyse. Leave at room temperature for 3-5 minutes. At this point, the solution should become clear and viscous.Attention: Mix gently and do not shake vigorously to avoid interrupting genomic DNA and mixing genomic DNA fragments in the extracted plasmid. If the solution does not become clear, it indicates that the bacterial count may be too high and the lysis may not be complete. The bacterial count should be reduced.4. Add 250 to the centrifuge tube µ L Buffer E3, immediately invert and mix 8-10 times until white flocculent precipitates appear. Let it stand at room temperature for 5 minutes. Centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 5 minutes, extract the supernatant, and add it to a filter column (Endo Remove FM). Centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 1 minute to filter, and collect the filtrate in a centrifuge tube (self provided).Attention: After adding Buffer E3, it should be mixed evenly immediately to avoid local precipitation. 5. Add 225 to the filtrate µ Mix L isopropanol upside down.6. Column balance: Add 200 to the spin columns DM that have been loaded into the collection tube µ L Buffer PS, centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.7. Transfer the mixed solution of filtrate and isopropanol from step 5 to an equilibrium adsorption column (already loaded into a collection tube).8.13000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Attention: The maximum volume of the adsorption column is 750 µ L. If the sample volume is greater than 750 µ L can be added in batches. 9. Add 750 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer PW (please check if anhydrous ethanol has been added first), centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 1 minute, and discard the waste liquid in the collection tube.10. Place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold and centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 1 minute. Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which can affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).11. Place the adsorption column in a new collection tube and add 50-100 to the middle of the adsorption membrane µ L Endo Free Buffer EB, let it stand at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 2 minutes, and collect the plasmid solution into a centrifuge tube- Store the plasmid at 20 ℃.Note: 1) To increase the efficiency of plasmid recovery, the obtained solution can be added back to the adsorption column, left at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 2 minutes, and collected into a centrifuge tube.2) When the plasmid copy number is low or>10 kb, preheating the Endo Free Buffer EB in a water bath at 65-70 ℃ can increase the extraction efficiency... Read More | Product introduction：PMA qPCR live bacteria detection kit provides an effective means to detect bacterial activity. This kit provides a mixture of PMA dye and SYBR green dye based qPCR. The optimal amount of dye and the number of samples that can be processed may vary depending on the type ofProduct introduction：PMA qPCR live bacteria detection kit provides an effective means to detect bacterial activity. This kit provides a mixture of PMA dye and SYBR green dye based qPCR. The optimal amount of dye and the number of samples that can be processed may vary depending on the type of sample. PMA is a DNA binding dye with high affinity, especially with double stranded DNA. The dye itself has weak fluorescence, but it can emit brighter fluorescence after binding with nucleic acids. PMA is impermeable to the cell membrane, so it can selectively modify the DNA of dead cells with damaged membrane. After bllight (~464 nm) photolysis of PMA modified DNA, the photoreactive azido group on PMA is converted into highly reactive azene radical, which reacts with any hydrocarbon moiety near the DNA binding site to form a stable covalent nitrogen carbon bond, resulting in permanent DNA modification. This modification process will make the DNA insoluble, and it will be lost together with cell debris in the later genomic DNA extraction process. The unbound PMA remaining in the solution reacts with water molecules under strong light irradiation and decomposes into hydroxylamine compounds without cross-linking activity, so that it can no longer covalently bind DNA. Based on this characteristic of PMA, our company combines PMA and qPCR technology to form a new detection method - PMA qPCR, which is used for the screening of live bacteria. At present, the method has been validated in a variety of bacterial strains as well as yeast, fungi, viruses and parasites. The treatment of complex samples, such as feces or soil, may require optimization of sample dilution, dye concentration, and light treatment time. Treatment of diluted samples, such as water testing, may require filtration or concentration prior to dye treatment. Component： Instruction： Precautions before use：1.This live bacteria detection kit distinguishes dead bacteria and live bacteria according to cell membrane permeability. Many methods of killing bacteria cause damage to the cell membrane and are therefore compatible with this kit. But some methods, such as ultraviolet irradiation, may not immediately cause cell membrane rupture. Therefore, before selecting this kit, it is necessary to carry out literature search and pre-experiment to determine whether the kit is suitable for the bacterial type and killing method you choose. 2.After PMA treatment, the bacteria need to be photolyzed to covalently bind the dye to dead cell DNA. Photolysis operations can use blue or white light sources. Generally speaking, the brighter the lamp, the higher the efficiency of the photolysis step. Non-LED lamps ( such as halogen lamps ) may heat your sample and have a negative impact on the analysis. Ice is required to cool the sample during irradiation. 3.Sample can be cryopreservation after photolysis. Frozen samples before PMA treatment photolysis may damage the cell membrane and produce false negative results. If the sample needs to be frozen before detection, it is recommended to perform a pre-experiment first. 4.Part of the mechanism of PMA is to remove PMA covalently modified DNA from the sample by precipitation ; therefore, when extracting genomic DNA, it is necessary to use the same volume of genomic DNA eluent for volume normalization. The positive control can use the genomic DNA of living cells. 5.In order to verify the effectiveness of PMA in the test sample, the Ct ( dCt ) changes between- / + PMA can be compared. Experimental materials ( self-provided )：①Light source ( used for the photolysis step after PMA modified DNA ) ;② Bacterial genomic DNA extraction kit ; Experimental procedure： 1.Suck 10 µL of E.coli bacterial solution in liquid LB medium, and culture E.coli in the bacterial incubator overnight or longer to the logarithmic growth phase ( OD600 ≈ 1.0 ) ; Note : The culture time is adjusted according to the experiment. 2.Two portions of live E.coli, 400 µL each, were placed in a clean centrifuge tube ; 3. ( Recommended ) Preparation of dead E.coli. If the dead E.coli is needed as a control, the dead E.coli can be obtained by heating the living E.coli in a water bath at 95 °C for 5 min, or at 58 °C for 3 h. the subsequent operation of the dead E. coli is the same as that of the living E. coli ; 4.Two copies of live E.coli, one without PMA treatment, and one with 25 µM PMA treatment ( the optimal PMA concentration for treating different types or different sources of bacteria needs to be consulted in the relevant literature ) ; 5.The PMA-treated samples were placed on a shaker at room temperature and incubated in the dark for 10 min to fully mix the dye with the sample ; 6.Exposure of the sample, you can use blue or white light source, irradiation time to explore their own. For example, a 60 W blue light can be used for 15 min. Note : 1 If a halogen lamp is used, we recommend that the PMA-treated sample tube be placed on an ice block 20 cm away from the light source. Ice should be placed in a transparent tray. Adjust the light source to point directly to the sample, photolysis for 5-15 min ; if the bacteria obtained from the environment are directly used for experiments, due to the complexity or turbidity of the environmental samples, the photolysis time needs to be prolonged appropriately. 7.Treated and untreated live E.coli 5000 × g, centrifuged for 10 min, remove the supernatant ; 8.Select the appropriate genomic DNA extraction kit according to the sample type, and use the same elution volume for each group of samples when elution DNA. Note : DNA extraction steps refer to the instructions of the kit used. Part of the mechanism of action of PMA is to remove PMA-bound DNA from the sample by precipitation ; therefore, when extracting genomic DNA, each group should use the same volume of genomic DNA eluent for volume normalization ( the amount of genomic DNA extracted from dead bacteria and live bacteria is inconsistent, so the concentration of the two is significantly different ). 9.Preparation of reaction mixture according to the following system : Note : 1 For the DNA extracted by commercial DNA extraction kit, the qPCR template was optimized with 2 µL as the initial volume ; 2 The template volume should not exceed 10 % of the final reaction volume ; 3 Template concentration : gDNA as template, usually 1-10 ng ; the final concentration of PCR primers is usually 0.4µM, which can get better results. When the reaction performance is poor, the primer concentration can be adjusted in the range of 0.2-1µM. 10.Slightly vortex the reaction mixture, transfer the fixed volume to the PCR tube. 11. Test procedureNote : 1 The extension time is adjusted according to the instrument ; the Taq enzyme in mix can be activated within 2 min, but the genomic DNA may require longer denaturation time, which can be increased at this time, and the specific denaturation time can be adjusted according to the sample type. 12. ( Optional ) Data analysis Using live bacteria and dead bacteria as controls, the number of live cells in the sample was analyzed and calculated. It is recommended to verify the suitability of primers and PCR procedures before starting PMA qPCR detection of live bacteria. Calculation of dead and living bacteria control dCt ( 1 ) After the end of qPCR, the Ct value of each sample was calculated by instrument software ; ( 2 ) By calculating the dCt of each control bacteria, it was judged whether PMA successfully inhibited the amplification of dead bacterial DNA. The calculation is as follows : dCt live = Ct ( live, PMA treated ) -Ct ( live, PMA untreated ) dCt die = Ct ( die, PMA treated ) -Ct ( die, PMA untreated ) ( 3 ) The dCt expectation of living bacteria is close to 0 ± 1, which indicates that PMA does not affect the amplification of living cell DNA ; ( 4 ) The expected value of dCt of dead bacteria is greater than 4 ( dCt is 4 means that it is reduced by about 16 times, that is, 94 % of dead bacterial DNA is removed ; a dCt of 8 indicated a decrease of about 250 times, that is, 99.6 % of the dead bacterial DNA was removed ).( 5 ) The dCt of dead bacteria depends on many factors, including : strain / cell type ; the way bacteria are killed ; the concentration of PMA used ; amplified sequence length. 3. Calculation of the proportion of viable ( optional ) bacteria If the control results of dead and live bacteria are normal, the proportion of live bacteria in the sample can be calculated.( 1 ) Calculate the dCt value of the sample : dCt sample = Ct ( sample, PMA treated ) -Ct ( sample, PMA untreated ) ( 2 ) Conversion of dCt value to live bacteria ratio : PMA inhibition multiple = 2 ( sample dCt ) Viable bacteria % = 100 / PMA inhibition multiple 14. ( Optional ) Calculate the absolute number of live bacteria If you want to calculate the absolute number of viable bacteria in the sample, you need to use a known number of target bacteria genomic DNA to make a standard curve. It is recommended that the diluted concentrations of several groups of genomes are within the range of the qPCR analysis system. ( 1 ) qPCR was performed with the appropriate genome, and the Ct value was used as the ordinate, and the number of cells was used as the abscissa. The R2 value is calculated to determine the linearity, and the slope and y-axis intercept are displayed.( 2 ) Calculate the copy number of the experimental samples : Ct = slope * cell number + y axis intercept ( y = mx + b ) Bacterial count sample = ( Ct-y axis intercept ) / slope Note : The live bacterial DNA was not lost during the purification process. Examples : Product parameters：Pma: ex = 464 nm; Ex/em = 510/610 nm (following photolysis and reaction with dna/rna)Scope of application：Live bacteria detection Matters needing attention：1.Please instantaneously centrifuge the product to the bottom of the tube before use, and then carry out subsequent experiments ; 2.the kit components contain fluorescent dyes, and attention should be paid to avoiding light during use and preservation ; 3.For your safety and health, please wear experimental clothes and disposable gloves... Read More | This reagent kit uses highly sensitive silver dye, which can be applied to protein staining of denatured and non denatured gels. It has the advantages of clear target bands, low background, and flexible control of operation time. In addition, this reagent kit has added a short-term sensitization This reagent kit uses highly sensitive silver dye, which can be applied to protein staining of denatured and non denatured gels. It has the advantages of clear target bands, low background, and flexible control of operation time. In addition, this reagent kit has added a short-term sensitization step, which can significantly reduce the background and enhance the brightness of the target band. P665901Component20 TStorageP665901ASilver Stain Sensitizer (500×)2×1 mLRTP665901BSilver Stain Enhancer3 mLRTP665901CSilver Stain2×250 mLRTP665901DSilver Stain Developer4×125 mLRT Matters needing attention1. Please prepare 50 ml of fixed solution (ultrapure water: ethanol: acetic acid=6:3:1), 50 ml of eluent (10% ethanol), and 50 ml of termination solution (5% acetic acid) in advance.2. Please use deionized water and clean glass or plastic containers during operation, and wear disposable gloves for operation.The entire silver dyeing process needs to be carried out on a shaker, with a rotation speed of about 60 rpm.4. Self prepared ethanol and glacial acetic acid are required.Instructions for useThe dosage of each solution in the following operation steps takes the gel with a size of 8.5 × 5.5 cm and a thickness of 1.0 mm as an example. The gel is immersed in the solution completely, and is operated on a shaker, with a general dosage of 25 ml. For large gel, the dosage of each solution should be scaled up according to the gel volume. Please prepare 50 ml of fixed solution (ultrapure water: ethanol: glacial acetic acid=6:3:1), 50 ml of eluent (10% ethanol), and 50 ml of termination solution (5% glacial acetic acid) in advance.1. Water washing: After electrophoresis is completed, wash the gel twice with ultrapure water for 5 minutes each time.2. Fixation: Fix the gel twice with 25 ml of fixative solution for 15 minutes each time.3. Elution: Wash the adhesive twice with eluent, each time for 5 minutes.4. Water washing: Wash the glue twice with ultrapure water, each time for 5 minutes.5. Sensitization: put the gel washed in the previous step into the silver dye sensitization working solution, incubate it accurately for 1 minute at room temperature, and then wash it with ultrapure water for three times, each time for 20 seconds. Preparation of silver staining sensitization working solution: Take 50 µ l Silver Stain Sensitivity (500 x) and add it to 25 ml of ultrapure water, mix well.6. Silver staining: discard ultrapure water and incubate gel in silver staining working solution for 30 minutes. Preparation of silver staining working solution: Take 25ml Silver Stain and add 50 µ l Silver Stain Enhanced to mix well.7. Water washing: Quickly wash the glue twice with ultrapure water, with each washing accurately controlled for 20 seconds.8. Development: Immerse the washed gel in the developer immediately and incubate it at room temperature for 2-3 minutes until the protein strip is clear. Preparation of developer: Take 25ml Silver Stain Developer and add 30 µ l Silver Stain Enhanced to mix well. Attention: Within 30 seconds of development, protein bands begin to appear and continue to develop for 2-3 minutes. If the protein band appears lighter, the development time can be appropriately extended to 5 minutes or more.9. Termination: After washing the developer on the gel with the termination solution, soak the gel in a new termination solution to react for 10 minutes.Experimental imagesSilver staining results of BSA protein samples after 10% SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresisThe molecular weight of BSA protein is about 66 kD, and the loading amounts from left to right are 50 ng, 10 ng, and 5 ng, respectively... Read More |