| Description | Products contentProducts IntroductionThis kit is suitable for simple, rapid and efficient isolation and purification of DNA/RNA from whole blood, tissue homogenates, swabs, serum, plasma and other cell-free body fluids, etc. The unique buffer system enables the viral nucleic acids in the lysate to Products contentProducts IntroductionThis kit is suitable for simple, rapid and efficient isolation and purification of DNA/RNA from whole blood, tissue homogenates, swabs, serum, plasma and other cell-free body fluids, etc. The unique buffer system enables the viral nucleic acids in the lysate to bind to the silica gel centrifugal adsorbent columns in a highly efficient manner, and the viral nucleic acids obtained are of high purity and stable quality, free of protein, nuclease and other impurities, and can be used in a variety of routine operations, including PCR, fluorescence quantitative PCR and other experiments. It can be used for a variety of routine operations, including PCR, fluorescence quantitative PCR and other experiments.Bring your own instrumentsThermostatic mixer.Pre-experiment Preparation and Important Notes1. Read these instructions carefully before experimenting.2. If Proteinase K is to be stored for a long period of time, please keep it at -20℃.3. Check Buffer RLC for crystallization or precipitation prior to use, and if crystallization or precipitation occurs, redissolve Buffer RLC in a 56°C water bath.4. Pre-treatment of tissue samples: Take 20 mg of tissue samples into 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes (self-provided), add 500 µL of Buffer RLC, and after the tissue homogenizer breaks up, centrifuge the samples for 1 minute at 12,000 rpm (~13,400×g), and take 200 µL of supernatant as samples. procedure1. Take a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube (provided), add 500 µL of Buffer RLC, 200 µL of sample, 20 µL of Proteinase K, vortex for 5 s, and then place it in a thermostatic mixer at 1200 rpm for 10 min at room temperature. Note: For wet swab samples, 200 µL of sample was taken after sufficiently shaking and mixing. Note: For wet swabs, 200 µL was taken from the sample after it was soaked in 400 µL of saline, shaken and mixed thoroughly for 5 minutes, and then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, and 200 µL was taken for extraction.2. Instantly remove the centrifuge tube and add the solution from step 1 to the Spin Columns DM in the collection tube. centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 x g) for 1 minute, pour off the waste liquid from the collection tube, and return the column to the collection tube.3. Add 500 µL of Buffer PGWT to the adsorbent column, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, pour off the waste liquid from the collection tube, and return the column to the collection tube.4. Add 500 µL of Buffer GWT2 to the adsorbent column, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, pour off the waste liquid from the collection tube, and return the column to the collection tube.5. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 2 minutes and pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for 2 minutes and allow to dry.6. Place the column in a new collection tube (RNase-Free Centrifuge Tube), add 40-100 µL of RNase-Free Water to the center of the column membrane, let it stand at room temperature for 2 minutes, and then centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute to collect the nucleic acid solution. Store at -80℃ for a long time... Read More | When apoptosis occurs, some DNA endonucleases will be activated. These endonucleases will cut off genomic DNA between nucleosomes and produce 180 bp-200 BP DNA fragments, which appear as a specific ladder pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis. When double strand or single strand breaks occur in When apoptosis occurs, some DNA endonucleases will be activated. These endonucleases will cut off genomic DNA between nucleosomes and produce 180 bp-200 BP DNA fragments, which appear as a specific ladder pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis. When double strand or single strand breaks occur in genomic DNA, a large number of sticky 3'-oh ends will be generated, which can interact with YF under the catalysis of deoxyribonucleotide terminal transferase (TDT) ®/ CY dUTP binding can directly detect apoptotic cells by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. This kind of method is called terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). Because normal or proliferating cells have almost no DNA breaks, there is no 3'-oh formation and they can rarely be stained. TUNEL method can stain intact single apoptotic nuclei or apoptotic bodies in situ, can accurately reflect the typical biochemical and morphological characteristics of apoptosis, and can detect a very small number of apoptotic cells, so it is widely used in the study of apoptosis. This kit has a wide range of applications and can be used to detect apoptosis in frozen or paraffin sections, as well as cultured adherent cells or suspended cells. It can selectively detect apoptotic cells, but not necrotic cells or cells with DNA strand breaks caused by irradiation and drug treatment. This kit detects cell apoptosis with a short time-consuming, one-step staining reaction and can be detected after washing.Composition: Composition 20T 50T A. aladdin®640 TUNEL Reaction Buffer 1 mL 2 ×1.25 mL B. TdT Enzyme 20 µL 50 µL C. Proteinase K (2 mg/mL) 40 µL 100 µL D. DNase I (2 U/µL) 5 µL 13 µL E. 10 ×DNase I Buffer 100 µL 260 µL Product parameters：642/662 nm； Instruction： Experimental materials (self provided)PBS buffer (1 x, pH~7.4). 0.2% Triton X -100 (PBS formulation). 0.1% Triton X -100 (PBS formulation, containing 5 mg/mLBSA)4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS)Immunohistochemical penDewaxing solvent (paraffin section sample)Related reagents for paraffin section processingAnti fluorescence quenching and sealing agent. ddH2Oexperimental design. A. Positive control:Prepare positive control slides using DNaseI treatment. DNaseI can digest single or double stranded DNA and expose the 3 '- OH end, artificially causing cell apoptosis. One experiment per time is sufficient. (To verify if there are any issues with the experimental operation and reagent kit)B. Negative control:Use TUNEL Reaction Buffer without TdT Enzyme and replace TdT Enzyme with ddH2O. (Mainly to exclude non-specific staining caused by cell apoptosis, operational processes, and other reasons; and to adjust the exposure intensity of the shooting.)C. Experimental processing group.The experimental group operated normally according to the instructions.D. Experimental control group.The experimental group operated normally according to the instructions.Experimental steps1. Sample preparation:(1) For adherent cells or cell smearsa. Clean once with PBS.Note: If you are concerned that the cells on the cell smear may not adhere firmly, you can dry the sample to make the cells adhere more firmly.b. Fixation: Add an appropriate amount of 4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS) and fix at 4 ℃ for 30 minutes. Clean twice with PBS.c. Translucency: Add an appropriate amount of 0.2% Triton X -100 (prepared with PBS) and let it penetrate at room temperature for 20 minutes. Clean twice with PBS.d. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(2) For suspended cells or cell suspensionsa. Collect cells (3-5 x 106 cells), centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, and wash twice with PBS.b. Fixation: Add an appropriate amount of 4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS) and resuspend the cells thoroughly. Fix at 4 ℃ for 30 minutes. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and clean twice with PBS.c. Translucency: Add an appropriate amount of 0.2% Triton X -100 (prepared with PBS) and let it penetrate at room temperature for 20 minutes. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and clean twice with PBS.d. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(3) Paraffin tissue sectioninga. Dewaxing and hydration: Place the sliced samples sequentially in xylene I (10 min) → xylene II (10 min) → 100% ethanol I (5 min) → 100% ethanol II (5 min) → 95% ethanol (5 min) → 90% ethanol (5 min) → 80% ethanol (5 min) → 70% ethanol (5 min) → ddH2O rinse for 5 min, rinse twice.Note: Xylene is toxic and volatile. Please perform this operation in a fume hood.b. Use filter paper to dry the liquid around the sliced sample, and circle the sample contour with an immunohistochemical pen for downstream transparency and labeling.Note: If it is found that the contour circle of immunohistochemistry strokes is damaged in subsequent experimental operations, it needs to be redrawn in a timely manner.c. Transparency: Dilute 2 mg/mL of ProteinaseK solution with PBS in a ratio of 1:100 to a final concentration of 20 µ g/mL. Add 100 µ L dropwise to each sample to cover all sample areas. Incubate at 20-37 ℃ for 20 minutes.Note: Protein K can penetrate the cell membrane and nuclear membrane, allowing subsequent staining reagents to fully enter the nucleus for reaction and improve labeling efficiency. An excessively long incubation time increases the risk of tissue slices falling off the carrier film during subsequent washing steps, while a too short incubation time may result in insufficient permeability treatment and affect labeling efficiency. To obtain better results, the concentration, incubation time, and temperature of Protein K need to be optimized according to different types of tissue samples.d. Wash the slices twice with PBS, each time for 5 minutes. Use filter paper to remove excess liquid, and place the processed sample in a wet box to keep it moist.Note: Protein K must be washed thoroughly in this step, otherwise it will seriously interfere with subsequent labeling reactions.e. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(4) Frozen tissue sectionsa. Fixation: Take out frozen sections and warm them back to room temperature. Add an appropriate amount of 4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS) and fix at room temperature for 30 minutes. Wash twice with PBS for 10 minutes each time.Note: If you are concerned that formaldehyde cleaning may not be clean enough, it may affect the final dyeing effect. After formaldehyde fixation is completed, an appropriate amount of 2 mg/mL glycine can be added and washed for 10 minutes to neutralize the residual fixing solution, and then PBS cleaning can be carried out.b. Use filter paper to dry the liquid around the sliced sample, and circle the sample contour with an immunohistochemical pen for downstream transparency and labeling.Note: If it is found that the contour circle of immunohistochemistry strokes is damaged in subsequent experimental operations, it needs to be redrawn in a timely manner.c. Transparency: Dilute 2 mg/mL of ProteinaseK solution with PBS in a ratio of 1:100 to a final concentration of 20 µ g/mL. Add 100 µ L dropwise to each sample to cover all sample areas. Incubate at 20-37 ℃ for 20 minutes.Note: Protein K can penetrate the cell membrane and nuclear membrane, allowing subsequent staining reagents to fully enter the nucleus for reaction and improve labeling efficiency. An excessively long incubation time increases the risk of tissue slices falling off the carrier film during subsequent washing steps, while a too short incubation time may result in insufficient permeability treatment and affect labeling efficiency. To obtain better results, the concentration, incubation time, and temperature of Protein K need to be optimized according to different types of tissue samples.d. Wash the slices twice with PBS, each time for 5 minutes. Use filter paper to remove excess liquid, and place the processed sample in a wet box to keep it moist.Note: Protein K must be washed thoroughly in this step, otherwise it will seriously interfere with subsequent labeling reactions.e. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(5) Positive treatment (only the positive control is subjected to this step, and other samples are directly subjected to the TUNEL reaction step)a. Dilute 10 x DNase I Buffer with ddH2O in a ratio of 1:10 to 1 x DNase I Buffer for later use.b. Drip 100 µ L of 1xDNase I Buffer onto the processed sample, covering all sample areas, and equilibrate at room temperature for 5 minutes.c. Dilute DNase I (2 U) with 1 x DNase I Buffer at a ratio of 1:100/ µ L) A working solution with a final concentration of 20 U/mL.d. Discard the buffer and add 100 µ Incubate DNase I working solution with a concentration of 20 U/mL at room temperature for 10 minutes.e. Discard DNase I working solution and clean twice with PBS.f. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.2. TUNEL reaction(1) Prepare TUNEL reaction solution (ready to use): / 1 sample 5 sample 10 sample TdT enzyme 1 µL 5 µL 10 µL YF®488/555/594/640 TUNEL Reaction Buffer 49 µL 245 µL 490 µL TUNEL Total volume of reaction solution 50 µL 250 µL 500 µL (2) For adherent cells, cell smears, or tissue sectionsa. Add 50 to each sample µ L TUNEL reaction solution, evenly cover the sample with the reaction solution. The appropriate time for dark incubation at 37 ℃ (recommended staining time for cells is 30 minutes to 1 hour, and tissue staining time is 2 hours).Note: 50 µ L TUNEL reaction solution is suitable for smear, slicing, or 96 well plates (other different well plates can adjust the volume of TUNEL reaction solution appropriately to cover cells). If the sample to be tested is a smear, slice, or in a 24 well plate, 12 well plate, or 6 well plate, anti evaporation film can be used, or self sealing bags or other appropriate materials can be used to cut circular plastic sheets slightly smaller than the holes. After adding TUNEL reaction solution dropwise, cover the sample to prevent the evaporation of TUNEL reaction solution and make the TUNEL reaction solution evenly cover the sample.b. Discard the TUNEL reaction solution, wash twice with PBS, and then wash three times with 0.1% Triton X -100 (PBS preparation, containing 5 mg/mL BSA) for 5 minutes each time. This way, free unreacted markers can be removed cleanly.c. (Optional) Add an appropriate concentration of 5 to each sample µ DAPI staining solution with a concentration of g/mL, incubated at room temperature in dark for 5 minutes. After staining, discard DAPI staining solution and wash twice with PBS for 5 minutes each time.d. (Optional) Slice sealing: Add 50 drops to each sample µ L anti fluorescence quenching sealing agent (anti fluorescence quenching sealing agent may not be suitable for certain dyes, it is recommended to conduct pre experimental testing for compatibility before the experiment), cover the cover glass, gently tap the cover glass with the blunt end of tweezers to remove bubbles and ensure complete sealing.e. Use filter paper to remove excess liquid and add 100 to the sample area µ Keep the sample moist with PBS and immediately observe under a fluorescence microscope.(3) For suspended cells or cell suspensionsa. Add 50 to each sample tube µ Gently resuspend cells in LTUNEL reaction solution and incubate at 37 ℃ in the dark for 30-1 hour. Gently resuspend cells with a micropipette every 15 minutes.b. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, discard TUNEL reaction solution, and wash twice with 0.1% Triton X -100 (PBS preparation, containing 5 mg/mLBSA) for 5 minutes each time. This way, free unreacted markers can be removed cleanly.c. Add 100 to each sample tube µ L concentration is 5 µ DAPI staining solution with a concentration of g/mL, incubated at room temperature in dark for 5 minutes.d. Join 400 µ L PBS resuspended cells and immediately detected with a flow cytometer or observed under a fluorescence microscope after smearing.Matters needing attention：1. please centrifuge the product to the bottom of the tube immediately before use, and then conduct subsequent experiments. 2. when the staining background is heavy or non-specific staining is obvious, the staining time can be appropriately reduced. 3. it is recommended to add negative control and positive control groups during the experiment. 4. please wear mask and gloves when using component A. if it contacts the skin, please wash it with plenty of water immediately. 5. fluorescent dyes have quenching problems. Please try to avoid light to slow down fluorescence quenching. 6. for your safety and health, please wear experimental clothes and disposable gloves.Scope of application：Late apoptosis detection, TUNEL Kit... Read More | DescriptionCAR10 is a kit that contains a selection of 10 carbohydrates/sugars: Arabinose, Fructose, Galactose, Glucose, α-Lactose, Maltose, Mannose, Ribose, Sucrose and Xylose, which may be used for general research, as reagents or as reference compounds in analytical procedures | The content of this cell is too long for an XLSX file (more than 32767 characters). Please use the CSV format for this export | O665690 Component 50T Storage O665690A DNase I 1000 U -20℃.Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. O665690B 10×Reaction Buffer 1000 µL -20℃.Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. O665690C Buffer RLS 40 mL RT O665690D Buffer RW1 40 mL RT O665690E Buffer RW2 (concentrate) 11 mL RT O665690F RNase-Free Water O665690 Component 50T Storage O665690A DNase I 1000 U -20℃.Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. O665690B 10×Reaction Buffer 1000 µL -20℃.Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. O665690C Buffer RLS 40 mL RT O665690D Buffer RW1 40 mL RT O665690E Buffer RW2 (concentrate) 11 mL RT O665690F RNase-Free Water 10 mL RT O665690G Spin Columns FS with Collection Tubes 50 EA RT O665690H Spin Columns RM with Collection Tubes 50 EA RT O665690I RNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL) 50 EA RTProduct IntroductionThis kit is suitable for extracting RNA from a wide range of plants, even from plants rich in polysaccharides and polyphenols, high quality RNA can be successfully extracted, such as rice leaves, wheat leaves, corn leaves, tobacco leaves, pine needles, ginkgo leaves, poplar leaves, pomegranate leaves, holly leaves, apples, peaches, pears, tomatoes, cherries, apricots, bananas, grapes, loquats, cinnamon rinds, cinnamon pulp, lychee fruit rinds, lychee pulp, soybean, peanut, corn, potato tuber, moonflower petal, pomegranate petal, shiitake mushroom, flat mushroom and other samples. The unique lysate formula can rapidly inactivate the RNA enzyme in the cell, effectively remove the effect of polysaccharide and polyphenol on RNA extraction, without the need for phenol, chloroform and other reagents, while using silicon matrix membrane adsorption of RNA for purification, the total RNA extracted is highly pure, without the contamination of genomes, proteins and other impurities, and can be used for Real Time RT-PCR, RT-PCR, It can be used for Real Time RT-PCR, RT-PCR, Northern Blot, Dot Blot, in vitro translation and other downstream experiments.RNA yieldSelf-contained reagents: β-mercaptoethanol, anhydrous ethanol (freshly opened or for RNA extraction)Pre-experiment Preparation and Important Notes1. To prevent RNase contamination, attention should be paid to the following aspects:1) Use RNase-free plastics and tips.(2) Operators wear disposable masks and gloves, and change gloves diligently during the experiment.2. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing of the extracted samples, otherwise it will affect the rate and quality of RNA extraction.3. If Buffer RLS produces a precipitate, heat to dissolve it and leave at room temperature.4. Please add β-mercaptoethanol to Buffer RLS before use, add 20µl β-mercaptoethanol to 1ml Buffer RLS. Buffer RLS with β-mercaptoethanol can be stored for 1 month at room temperature.5. Anhydrous ethanol should be added according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label before using Buffer RW2 for the first time. Operation steps1. Homogenization: Take 50-100mg of plant tissue and quickly grind it into powder in liquid nitrogen, add 500µl of Buffer RLS (please check whether β-mercaptoethanol is added before use), and immediately mix it by vortexing with vigorous shaking.Note: For materials that are extremely rich in water content, such as watermelon pulp, tomato, pear pulp, etc., more material can be added appropriately, up to 200 mg; for starch-rich samples or mature leaves, the amount of Buffer RLS can be increased appropriately, up to 700 µl.2. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 x g) for 2 min at 4°C.3. Transfer the supernatant into the filter columns (Spin Columns FS) that have been loaded into the collection tubes, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 1 minute, carefully aspirate the supernatant in the collection tubes and transfer it to new RNase-Free centrifugation tubes (self-provided), avoiding the tip of the gun from touching the cell debris precipitation in the collection tubes as much as possible.4. Slowly add 0.5 times the volume of the supernatant in anhydrous ethanol, mix well (a precipitate may appear), and transfer the resulting solution together with the precipitate to a Spin Columns RM in a collection tube, or in two batches if you cannot add all of the solution at once. centrifuge the column for 1 minute at 12,000 rpm at 4°C. Dispose of the spent solution and place the column back into the collection tube. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute at 4°C, discard the spent solution and return the column to the collection tube.5. Add 350 µl of Buffer RW1 to the adsorbent column RM, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 1 min, discard the waste solution and put the adsorbent column back into the collection tube.6. Preparation of DNase I mixture: Take 52µl of RNase-Free Water, add 8µl of 10×Reaction Buffer and 20µl of DNase I (1U/µl) to it, mix well, and prepare a final volume of 80µl of reaction solution.7. Add 80µl of DNase I mixture directly to the adsorption column and incubate at 20-30°C for 15 minutes.8. Add 350 µl of Buffer RW1 to the adsorbent column RM, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 1 min, discard the waste solution and put the adsorbent column back into the collection tube.9. Add 500 µl of Buffer RW2 to the adsorbent column RM (check that anhydrous ethanol is added before use), centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute at 4°C, discard the waste solution and put the adsorbent column back into the collection tube.10. Repeat step 9.11. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 2 minutes at 4°C.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column; ethanol residue can interfere with subsequent enzymatic reactions (zymography, PCR, etc.).12. Load the adsorption column RM into new RNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 ml), add 30-50 µl of RNase-Free Water dropwise to the middle part of the adsorption membrane overhang, leave it at room temperature for 2 min, and centrifuge at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 1 min, and store the resulting RNA solution at -70°C to prevent degradation.Note: 1) The volume of RNase-Free Water should not be less than 30 µl, too small volume affects the recovery rate.2) If you want to increase the RNA yield, repeat step 12 with 30-50 µl of fresh RNase-Free Water.3) If the RNA concentration is to be increased, the resulting solution can be reintroduced into the adsorption column and step 12 repeated... Read More |