| Description | The Succinic Acid (Succinate) assay kit is suitable for the specific assay of succinic acid in wine, cheese, eggs, sauce and other food products. Succinic acid (or succinate) is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the The Succinic Acid (Succinate) assay kit is suitable for the specific assay of succinic acid in wine, cheese, eggs, sauce and other food products. Succinic acid (or succinate) is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle. Succinic acid concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese).Product Description： Succinic acid is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle. Succinic acid concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese). The ripening process of apples can be followed by monitoring the falling levels of succinic acid. The occurrence of > 5 mg/kg of this acid in egg and egg products is indicative of microbial contamination. Apart from use as a flavouring agent in the food and beverage industries, succinic acid finds many other non-food applications, such as in the production of dyes, drugs, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals and coolants. Preparation Instructions：Suitable for succinate determination in food, beverage, agricultural products, and other biological samples.Note for Content：The number of manual tests per kit can be doubled if all volumes are halved. This can be readily accommodated using the MegaQuantTM Wave Spectrophotometer (D-MQWAVE).Browse all of our organic acid assay kits.Principle：The Succinate Assay Kit provides a simple, one step assay for measuring succinate. In this assay succinate is converted to pyruvate which reacts with specific reagents and dye to form a colored product. The color intensity at 570 nm or fluorescencAdvantages：Extended cofactors stability. Dissolved cofactors stable for > 1 year at 4oC.Very competitive price (cost per test)All reagents stable for > 2 years as suppliedVery rapid reaction (even at room temperature)Mega-Calc™ software tool is available from our website for hassle-free raw data processingStandard includedSuitable for manual, microplate and auto-analyser formats... Read More | The aladdin 488 Caspase-3 live cell assay kit contains the aladdin 488 Caspase-3 substrate and the Ac-DEVD-CHO Caspase-3 inhibitor. aladdin 488 Caspase-3 Substrate provides an effective tool for detecting apoptosis based on Caspase-3 activity, suitable for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.The aladdin 488 Caspase-3 live cell assay kit contains the aladdin 488 Caspase-3 substrate and the Ac-DEVD-CHO Caspase-3 inhibitor. aladdin 488 Caspase-3 Substrate provides an effective tool for detecting apoptosis based on Caspase-3 activity, suitable for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Compared with other fluorescent substrates or fluorescent inhibitors of Caspase based on ( FLICA ) analysis, aladdin 488 Caspase-3 Substrate does not inhibit the apoptosis process of intact cells while detecting Caspase-3 activity. Substrate is composed of fluorescent DNA dyes coupled with Caspase-3 DEVD recognition sequence. Substrate initially had no fluorescence and entered the cytoplasm through the cell membrane. In apoptotic cells, Caspase-3 cleaves the Substrate and releases high-affinity DNA staining, which migrates to the nucleus to label DNA and emits bright green fluorescence.Therefore, aladdin 488 Caspase-3 Substrate is bifunctional, which can not only detect Caspase-3 activity, but also visualize the morphological changes of the nucleus during apoptosis. Aladdin 488 staining can be fixed in formaldehyde and compatible with subsequent immunostaining experiments.Parameters:aladdin 488：Ex/Em = 500/530 nm (with DNA)Component：Points for attention：1.Please instantaneously centrifuge the product to the bottom of the tube before use, and then carry out subsequent experiments. 2.Cells can be co-stained with a final concentration of 1µM Hoechst 33342 dye to produce blue fluorescence staining of the nucleus ( Ex / Em = 346 / 460 nm ). 3.Aladdin 488 staining can be fixed by formaldehyde, but it is not compatible with methanol fixation. 4.Formaldehyde-fixed aladdin 488-stained cells can be treated with 0.1 % TritonX-100 for subsequent staining, but the brightness of the treated staining may be weakened. 5.Fluorescent dyes all have quenching problems, please try to avoid light to slow down the fluorescence quenching. 6.For your safety and health, please wear experimental clothes and wear disposable gloves.Scope of application：Caspase 3 kit and apoptosis detectionUsage:1. Experimental optimization: The experimental steps provided below are based on the endpoint detection system. Aladdin 488 Substrate can also be used for long-term cell incubation course research. Cell density, substrate concentration, and inhibitor concentration may need to be optimized. The optimal substrate concentration may be between 1-10 µ Between M. Cells can be incubated with substrates in culture medium, PBS, or other buffer of your choice. For adherent cells, we recommend replacing them with fresh culture media containing substrates to prevent background heterogeneity. The operation of changing the medium or washing the cells after substrate incubation is freely selectable.2. We suggest that you set the following controls:A. Negative control: cells that do not induce apoptosis;B. Positive control: cells that induce apoptosis;C. Inhibitor control: Induce cell apoptosis while incubating Caspase-3/7 inhibitors (or 10-30 minutes in advance), and finally add Aladdin 488 Caspase-3 substrate.3. The Caspase-3/7 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO in the Ac-DEVD-CHO Caspase-3 inhibitor control kit can be used to confirm that Caspase-3/7 depends on the fluorescence signal of aladdin 488. For inhibitor control, the final concentration of the inhibitor should be at least twice the substrate concentration (e.g. when using 5 µ At substrate M aladdin 488, the concentration of Ac-DEVD-CHO is 10 µ M). Before adding the substrate, incubate Ac-DEVD-CHO at room temperature for 15-30 minutes. After adding the substrate, continue to retain the inhibitor in the incubation solution. Ac-DEVD-CHO is a reversible competitive inhibitor. In certain cell types, effective Caspase-3/7 inhibitors require the use of irreversible inhibitors, such as Z-DEVD-FMK, or the addition of inhibitors before or during apoptosis induction.4. Flow cytometry(1) Choose appropriate methods to induce cell apoptosis, with untreated cell samples as controls.(2) Adhering cells should be digested with trypsin or other methods before performing the aladdin 488 Caspase-3 experiment.(3) Resuspend cells with culture medium or buffer to achieve a cell density of 106 cells/mL(4) Suck 0.2 mL of cell suspension into a flow cytometry test tube.(5) Inhibitor control samples were treated with Ac-DEVD-CHO on cells (see 3 above) Ac-DEVD-CHO Caspase-3 inhibitor control.(6) 200 µ Add 5 to L cell suspension µ Substrate of 0.2 mM and immediately mix to achieve a substrate concentration of 5 µ M. The optimal substrate concentration for different cells may vary and requires analysis and optimization.(7) Incubate cells at room temperature in dark for 15-30 minutes.(8) Join 300 µ L-medium or PBS, analyzed by flow cytometry. Detect the channel for green fluorescence (Ex/Em=485/515 nm).5. Fluorescence microscope(1) Choose appropriate methods to induce cell apoptosis, with untreated cell samples as controls.(2) Inhibitor control samples were treated with Ac-DEVD-CHO on cells (see 3 above) Ac-DEVD-CHO Caspase-3 inhibitor control.(3) Using a solution containing 5 µ M Substrate's fresh culture medium or PBS is used to replace the cell culture medium (see 1 above) Experimental optimization). For the inhibitor control group, the inhibitor was incubated together with the substrate.(4) Incubate cells at room temperature for 30 minutes or longer.(5) Cells can be directly observed in culture media containing Substrate. For the endpoint analysis method, PBS was used to clean the cells, fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the cells, and a filter (Ex/Em=485/515 nm) was used to observe green fluorescence.6. Fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader(1) Adherent cells grow in black 96 well plates; Suspend cells, adjust the density to 106 cells/mL, and divide 0.2 mL of cell suspension into one well.(2) Choose appropriate methods to induce cell apoptosis, with untreated cell samples as controls. Note: Cells may be processed in tubes or bottles and then transferred to a 96 well detection plate.(3) Inhibitor control samples were treated with Ac-DEVD-CHO on cells (see 3 above) Ac-DEVD-CHO Caspase-3 inhibitor control.(4) For suspended cells, directly add Substrate and mix well. For adherent cells, use a solution containing 5 µ M Substrate's fresh culture medium or PBS is used to replace the cell culture medium (see 1 above) Experimental optimization). For the inhibitor control group, the inhibitor was incubated together with the substrate.(5) Cells can be directly observed in culture media containing Substrate.(6) For suspended cells, gently shake to resuspend the cells. The fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay instrument is set with an excitation wavelength of 488 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm. Suggest using bottom collection method for adherent cells. Changes in the density of adherent cells may lead to inaccurate readings... Read More | Inquire | The miRNA extraction kit is specifically designed to isolate and purify miRNAs from various animal tissues, plant tissues, cells, serum, plasma and other samples. It can also extract small molecule RNAs such as siRNA and snRNA that are less than 200 nt, and can also be used for the extraction of The miRNA extraction kit is specifically designed to isolate and purify miRNAs from various animal tissues, plant tissues, cells, serum, plasma and other samples. It can also extract small molecule RNAs such as siRNA and snRNA that are less than 200 nt, and can also be used for the extraction of total RNA. This product combines phenol/guanidine lysis technology and silicon matrix membrane purification technology. The unique lysis solution can effectively inhibit RNases while removing most of DNA and proteins from cell or tissue samples through organic extraction. For some sensitive downstream experiments, if miRNA enrichment is required, this kit can be used to enrich miRNA separately. This product is suitable for a wide range of samples, with high purity of prepared RNA, and can be directly used for sensitive downstream applications, such as Northern Blot analysis, Real Time PCR, Microarray Analysis, etc. M665531Component50 TStorageM665531ATRIzon Reagent60 mL2-8℃. Protect from ligt.M665531BBuffer RWT (concentrate)15 mLRTM665531CBuffer RW2 (concentrate)11 mLRTM665531DRNase-Free Water10 mLRTM665531ESpin Columns RM with Collection Tubes50 setsRTM665531FSpin Columns RS with Collection Tubes50 setsRTM665531GRNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL)50 EART Self prepared reagents: chloroform, anhydrous ethanol (newly opened or dedicated for RNA extraction).Preparation and important precautions before the experiment:To prevent RNase pollution, attention should be paid to the following aspects:1) Use RNase free plastic products and gun heads to avoid cross contamination.2) Glassware should be dry baked at a high temperature of 180 ℃ for 4 hours before use, while plastic containers can be soaked in 0.5 M NaOH for 10 minutes, thoroughly rinsed with water, and then sterilized under high pressure.3) Prepare the solution using water without RNase.4) Operators should wear disposable masks and gloves, and change gloves frequently during the experiment.2. The extracted samples should avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, otherwise it will affect the quantity and quality of miRNA extraction.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer RWT and Buffer RW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.4. All centrifugation steps should be carried out at room temperature unless otherwise specified, and all operation steps should be carried out quickly.Operation steps:Protocol A: miRNA enrichment (can be directly used for sensitive downstream experiments)1. Sample processing1a Organization: Grind the organization in liquid nitrogen. Add 1 ml of TRIzon Reagent to every 30-50 mg of tissue, shake and mix well. The sample volume shall not exceed one tenth of the volume of TRIzon Reagent.1b Single layer culture of cells: Remove the culture medium, add TRIzon Reagent, and add 1 ml of TRIzon Reagent every 10 cm2 (the amount of lysis solution depends on the area of the culture bottle).1c Cell suspension: Centrifuge to obtain cell precipitate, discard supernatant. Add 1 ml of TRIzon Reagent to every 5 x 106-1 x 107 cells (cells do not require washing).1d Plasma or serum: Take 200 µ Add 5 times the volume of TRIzon Reagent to plasma or serum samples, shake and mix well for 30 seconds.2. After adding TRIzon Reagent to the sample, blow it repeatedly several times to fully crack it. Leave at room temperature for 5 minutes to completely separate the protein nucleic acid complex.3. Optional steps: Centrifuge at 4 ℃ 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 5 minutes, take the supernatant, and transfer it to a new centrifuge tube (provided by oneself) (if the sample contains more proteins, fats, polysaccharides, etc., this step can be performed).4. Add chloroform to the supernatant and add 200 to every 1 ml of TRIzon Reagent used µ Chloroform, cover the tube, vigorously shake for 15 seconds, and let it sit at room temperature for 5 minutes.Centrifuge at 5.4 ℃ and 12000 rpm for 15 minutes. The sample is divided into three layers: red organic phase, middle layer, and colorless aqueous phase. Transfer the upper colorless aqueous phase to a new centrifuge tube (self prepared).6. Add 1/3 volume of anhydrous ethanol to the solution obtained in step 5, mix well, and transfer the obtained solution and precipitate together into the adsorption column RM (Spin Columns RM) that has been loaded into the collection tube. If you cannot add all the solution to the adsorption column at once, please transfer it multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 30 seconds, discard the adsorption column RM after centrifugation, and retain the effluent.7. Add 2/3 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to the solution obtained in step 6 and mix well.8. Transfer the solution and precipitate obtained from the previous step into the adsorption column RS (Spin Columns RS) that has been loaded into the collection tube. If you cannot add all the solution to the adsorption column at once, please transfer it multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 30 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column RS back into the collection tube.9. Add 700 to the adsorption column RS µ L Buffer RWT (check if anhydrous ethanol is added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 30 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column RS back into the collection tube.10. Add 500 to the adsorption column RS µ Buffer RW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol is added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 30 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column RS back into the collection tube.11. Repeat step 10.12. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column RS at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry. Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column RS, which can affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).13. Place the adsorption column RS in a new RNase free centrifuge tube and add 30-50 to the middle of the adsorption column µ Place RNase Free Water at room temperature for 1 minute, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect RNA solution, and store the obtained RNA solution at -70 ℃ to prevent degradation.Attention:1) The volume of RNase Free Water should not be less than 30 µ l. Small volume affects the recovery rate.2) If you want to increase RNA production, you can use 30-50 µ Repeat step 13 for the new RNase Free Water.3) If you want to increase the RNA concentration, you can add the obtained solution back to the adsorption column RS and repeat step 13Protocol B: Extraction of total RNA (including miRNA and other small molecule RNAs<200 nt), steps 1-5 are the same as protocol A.6. Add 1.25 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to the solution obtained in step 5 and mix well.7. Transfer the solution and precipitate obtained from the previous step into the spin columns RM that have been loaded into the collection tube. If you cannot add all the solution to the adsorption column RM at once, please transfer it multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 30 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column RM back into the collection tube.8. Add 700 to the adsorption column RM µ L Buffer RWT (check if anhydrous ethanol is added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 30 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column RM back into the collection tube.9. Add 500 to the adsorption column RM µ Buffer RW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol is added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 30 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column RM back into the collection tube.10. Repeat step 9.11. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column RM at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry. Attention: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column RM, which can affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).12. Transfer the adsorption column RM into a new RNase free centrifuge tube and add 30-50 to the middle of the adsorption column µ Place RNase Free Water at room temperature for 1 minute, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect RNA solution, and store the obtained RNA solution at -70 ℃ to prevent degradation. Attention: 1) The volume of RNase Free Water should not be less than 30 µ l. Small volume affects the recovery rate.2) If you want to increase RNA production, you can use 30-50 µ Repeat step 12 for the new RNase Free Water.3) If you want to increase the RNA concentration, you can add the obtained solution back to the adsorption column RM and repeat step 12... Read More | N665925 Component 1 mL 5 mL Storage N665925A 2×SYBR qPCR Master Mix 1 1 mL 5 mL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925B qPCR Primer Mix 1 100 µL 500 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925C DNA Standard I 100 µL 500 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925 Component 1 mL 5 mL Storage N665925A 2×SYBR qPCR Master Mix 1 1 mL 5 mL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925B qPCR Primer Mix 1 100 µL 500 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925C DNA Standard I 100 µL 500 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925D DNA Standard II 100 µL 500 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925E DNA Standard III 100 µL 500 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925F DNA Standard IV 100 µL 500 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925G DNA Standard V 100 µL 500 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle. N665925H 50×High ROX 40 µL 200 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/ Thaw cycle.Product IntroductionThis product is a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR of the products after NGS library construction using a dye method (SYBR Green I).(qPCR). The kit provides the reaction mixes, DNA primer mixtures, standards and sample dilutions required for the qPCR process, making the reagent system complete and easy to use. The fluorescent dye SYBR Green I contained in the reaction mixture can bind to all double-stranded DNA; the GoldStar Taq DNA Polymerase used is a chemically modified new high-efficiency hot-start polymerase, and the activation of the enzyme needs to be incubated at 95℃ for 10 minutes. the product has high specificity, high amplification efficiency, and is able to quickly and accurately quantify the concentration of the constructed libraries. The product is highly specific and efficient in amplification, and can quickly and accurately quantify the concentration of the constructed library.ROX dye is used to correct the fluorescence signal error generated between wells of a quantitative PCR instrument, and is generally used in Real Time PCR amplifiers from ABI, Stratagene, and other companies. The excitation optics vary from instrument to instrument, so the concentration of ROX dye must be matched to the corresponding fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument.Instruments that do not require ROX calibration: Roche LightCycler 480, Roche LightCyler 96, Bio-rad iCyler iQ, iQ5, CFX96, etc.Instruments requiring Low ROX calibration: ABI Prism7500/7500 Fast, QuantStudio®3 System, QuantStudio®5 System, QuantStudio®6 Flex System, QuantStudio®7 Flex System, ViiA 7 System, Stratagene Mx3000/Mx3005P, Corbett Rotor Gene 3000, and others.Instruments requiring High ROX calibration: ABI Prism7000/7300/7700/7900, Eppendorf, ABI Step One/Step One Plus, etc.Note: High Rox and Low Rox are formulated as described in Use 2.Scope of applicationThis product is designed for absolute quantification of the concentration of Ion torrent platform second generation sequencing libraries. The end of the library contains Ion torrent P5 and P7 microarray binding sequences, the length of which does not exceed 1kb, and the concentration is not less than 0.005pM can be used to perform quantitative experiments with this product. The qPCR Primer Mix provided in the kit contains the following two primer sequences:Primer 1:5'-CCA TCT CAT CCC TGC GTG TC - 3' Primer 2: 5'-CCT CTC TAT GGG CAG TCG GTG AT-3'The primer sequence can be used in advance to confirm whether the library can be amplified by that primer pair.Usage1. Amplification template preparationThe library samples to be detected were diluted with TE (10 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA), and the concentration after dilution was as close as possible to the range of 0.05-50 pM. 4°C on ice was set aside.2. qPCR reaction system preparationThe desired cryopreservation reagent is pre-melted completely and mixed by inverting several times before preparation, then centrifuged briefly and set aside.The base reaction system for 20 µl was as follows:Reagent20 µl Reaction system2×SYBR qPCR MasterMix10 µlqPCR Primer Mix 10.8 µlTemplate4 µlddH₂O5.2 µlDescription: High Rox model: add 1 µl High Rox per 50 µl of reaction system;Low Rox model: 1 µl High Rox per 500 µl of reaction system.Prepare a sufficient amount of reaction system mixture according to the need, mix well and add to the reaction wells in a volume of 16 µl per well, add the same volume of TE to the blank control, and then add the prepared standards and diluted samples to the corresponding reaction wells in a volume of 4 µl/well. It is recommended to use 20 µl reaction system, if you need to carry out a smaller system reaction, the system components can be reduced in equal proportion.3. qPCR reaction program1) Please use 60-64℃ as a reference for setting range of annealing temperature, and increase the annealing temperature when non-specific reaction occurs.2) If the average length of the library is greater than 700bp, the annealing/extension time should be increased appropriately.data analysis1. Standard curve productionThe standard curve was plotted using Ct values in the valid range. The standard curve correlation coefficient R2 should not be less than 0.99 and the slope should lie between -3.1 and -3.6. If the standard curve parameters are not reasonable, it is recommended to repeat the experiment.DNA Standard NameDNA Standard ConcentrationDNA Standard I50 pMDNA Standard II5 pMDNA Standard III0.5 pMDNA Standard IV0.05 pMDNA Standard V0.005 pM2. Library concentration calculationThe difference in Ct between the three replicate wells of the experiment should be no more than 0.2, otherwise the invalid data should be deleted or the experiment should be repeated. Do not use the Ct outside the valid Ct range of the standard curve to calculate the concentration of the diluted libraries. Please refer to the data processing Excel of this product for the specific library concentration calculation method.matters needing attention1. Before testing, these instructions should be read in detail. It should be operated by personnel with professional experience or qualified by training.2. For use, please mix gently by turning up and down, avoid foaming as much as possible, and use it after centrifugation for a short period of time.3. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing of the product, repeated freezing and thawing may degrade the performance of the product.4. When preparing the reaction solution, please use new or non-contaminated tips and centrifuge tubes to prevent contamination as much as possible... Read More |