| Description | Blood potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, sugar and protein metabolism, and ensuring normal neuromuscular function. Its concentration is closely related to various important physiological functions. Abnormally high or low levels can disrupt Blood potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, sugar and protein metabolism, and ensuring normal neuromuscular function. Its concentration is closely related to various important physiological functions. Abnormally high or low levels can disrupt normal physiological activities. Hyperkalemia increases neuromuscular excitability but decreases myocardial excitability, leading to bradycardia. Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness or even flaccid paralysis, increase myocardial excitability, and result in tachycardia, arrhythmias, or even cardiac arrest during systole.Detection Principle: Potassium ions (K⁺) in serum react with sodium tetraphenylboron to form water-insoluble potassium tetraphenylboron. The turbidity produced is directly proportional to the potassium ion concentration within a certain range. The serum potassium ion content is determined by measuring this turbidity.Applicable Sample: SerumG1501769Component96 TStorageG1501769AExtraction Buffer50 mL2-8℃G1501769BReagentⅠ2.4 mL2-8℃G1501769CReagentⅡ1EA2-8℃. Store in the dark.G1501769DReagentⅢ20 mL2-8℃G1501769EStandard1 mL2-8℃Note: Before formal testing, it is recommended to perform a preliminary test with 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences.User-Prepared Instruments and ReagentsMicroplate reader or visible spectrophotometer (capable of measuring absorbance at 520 nm)96-well plate or micro glass cuvettes, adjustable micropipettes and tipsCentrifugeDeionized water, Concentrated Sulfuric AcidExperimental Procedure1. Reagent PreparationReagent NameReagent PreparationNotesExtraction Buffer/Slightly irritating. Use appropriate personal protective equipment during handling.Working Extraction BufferPrepare before use: Mix Extraction Buffer (mL) and Concentrated Sulfuric Acid (µL) in a 5:12 ratio as needed. Prepare freshly for each use.If precipitate forms, prepare a new batch.Reagent Ⅱ Working SolutionPrepare before use: Add the entire contents of Reagent Ⅰ into the Reagent Ⅱ vial. Mix well. This is the Reagent Ⅱ Working Solution.Can be stored at 4°C protected from light for one week.ReagentⅢPreheat in a 25°C water bath for at least 30 minutes before use./StandardReady-to-use; Equilibrate to room temperature before use.Store at 4°C.2. Sample PreparationSerum Pretreatment: Take a microcentrifuge tube. Sequentially add 50 µL of serum and 450 µL of Working Extraction Buffer. Mix thoroughly. Centrifuge at 8,000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature (approximately 25°C). Collect the supernatant for assay.3. Assay Steps3.1 Preheat the microplate reader or visible spectrophotometer for at least 30 minutes. Set the wavelength to 520 nm. For spectrophotometers, zero the instrument with deionized water.3.2 Assay Procedure (perform in a 96-well plate or micro glass cuvette):ReagentBlank Well (µL)Standard Well (µL)Test Well (µL)Deionized Water4000Standard0400Supernatant0040Reagent Ⅱ Working Solution202020Mix well and let stand for 5 minutes.ReagentⅢ1401401403.3 Mix well after addition. Measure the absorbance at 520 nm. Record the absorbance of the Blank well as A blank, the Standard well as A standard, and the Test well as A test. Note:The Blank and Standard tubes only need to be set up 1-2 times.It is recommended to perform a preliminary test with 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences before the formal experiment. If A <sub> test </sub> is less than 0.02, consider increasing the sample volume appropriately. If A <sub> test </sub> is greater than 1.1, further dilute the sample with Working Extraction Buffer (multiply the result by the dilution factor) or reduce the sample volume used for extraction.4. Calculation of ResultsNote: We provide both the derived formula and a simplified formula. They are equivalent. It is recommended to use the simplified formula in bold for final calculation.Blood Potassium Concentration (mmol/L) = [C Standard × (A test - A blank ) ÷ (A standard - A blank )] × n = 5 × (A test - A blank ) ÷ (A standard - A blank )Parameter Definitions:C Standard : 0.5 mmol/Ln: Sample dilution factor (10)Precautions1. Before formal testing, it is recommended to perform a preliminary test with 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences.2. Biochemical reagents are generally irritating and potentially biologically toxic. For your safety and health, please use appropriate biosafety precautions throughout the experiment, including wearing lab coats, masks, gloves, and head covers. Perform experiments in a fume hood or biosafety cabinet.3. This product is for research use only. Not for use in clinical diagnosis... Read More | DescriptionThe 200 nm Coupling Kit makes conducting lateral flow tests and biomolecule separation (including cell separation) easier and more flexible. The Kit contains AnteoBind™activated 200 nm magnetic particles that give you increased antibody binding capacity and functionality, while the DescriptionThe 200 nm Coupling Kit makes conducting lateral flow tests and biomolecule separation (including cell separation) easier and more flexible. The Kit contains AnteoBind™activated 200 nm magnetic particles that give you increased antibody binding capacity and functionality, while the included blocking buffer decreases background noise.Reduce reagent preparation time; remove traditional surface preparation steps such as EDC and replace these steps with the 200 nm pre-activated magnetic particles provided. This Kit reduces aggregation and gives you the freedom and ability to produce multifunctional particles for diverse applications, including dual labelling.For lateral flow tests, magnetic particles are easier to handle than gold. Magnetic separation removes the need to perform centrifugation and filtration concentration. Magnetic particles can provide greater sensitivity than gold during lateral flow tests.Binding Capacity and Polydisperity IndexBinding Capacity: > 50 µg IgG/mgPolydispersity Index (PdI)*: < 0.3* The Polydispersity Index (PdI) is dimensionless and determined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The PdI is scaled such that values smaller than 0.05 are rarely seen and values greater than 0.7 indicate that the sample has a very broad size distribution and poor monodispersity.Particle based Immunoassays, Lateral Flow, Bioseparations and Immunoprecipitation... Read More | The content of this cell is too long for an XLSX file (more than 32767 characters). Please use the CSV format for this export | Apoptosis refers to the cell autonomous and orderly death controlled by genes to maintain the stability of the internal environment. Apoptosis is different from cell necrosis. Apoptosis generally refers to a programmed cell death process that occurs during the development of body cells or under the Apoptosis refers to the cell autonomous and orderly death controlled by genes to maintain the stability of the internal environment. Apoptosis is different from cell necrosis. Apoptosis generally refers to a programmed cell death process that occurs during the development of body cells or under the action of some factors through the regulation of intracellular genes and their products. Cell necrosis is a cell death process that is caused by strong physical and chemical or biological factors to cause disordered changes in cells. The difference between apoptosis and necrosis lies in the characteristic morphological and biochemical changes, including the changes of cell membrane permeability and nuclear chromatin, the contraction of cytoplasm and the loss of membrane asymmetry. The oxazole yellow/pi membrane permeability apoptosis detection kit produced by our company is a dual fluorescence detection kit based on oxazole yellow and PI dyes. This kit is suitable for fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence microplate reader and other fluorescence detection systems. Oxazole yellow is a non cell membrane penetrating cyanine monomer green fluorescent dye with high affinity for DNA. It basically has no fluorescence when it is not bound to DNA, but can emit bright green fluorescence after binding to DNA. When apoptosis occurs, the permeability of cell membrane changes. At this time, oxazole yellow can enter the cell and bind to DNA, emitting bright green fluorescence. Therefore, it is often used for the detection of apoptosis. It should be noted that oxazole yellow can also stain dead cells, so it needs to be double stained with PI that specifically fluorescently stains dead cells to effectively determine apoptosis. PI (propidium iodide) is a red fluorescent dye that can stain DNA. It is an analog of pyridine bromide that releases red fluorescence after embedding double stranded DNA. Although PI cannot pass through the membrane of living cells, it can cross the damaged cell membrane of dead cells to stain nuclei. Therefore, oxazole yellow combined with PI can be directly used for the detection of apoptosis. Apoptotic cells show green fluorescence, dead cells show both red and green fluorescence positive, and living cells have little or no fluorescence.Components: Components O598364-50T A. Oxazole yellow dye 50 µL B. Propidium Iodide (PI) 50 µLUsage (using flow cytometry as an example):1. Cell preparation(1) For adherent cells, after trypsin digestion, resuspend in culture medium and wash once with pre cooled PBS; The digestion time of trypsin should not be too long to prevent false positives. Note: Digest with trypsin and allow the cells to recover in the optimal cell culture conditions and medium for about 30 minutes, then stain.(2) For suspended cells, centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, discard the supernatant, and wash once with pre cooled PBS.2. Cell stainingSuspend cells in pre cooled PBS, with a recommended cell count of 106 cells/mL per sample. Add 1 µ L Oxazole Yellow and 1 µ L to 1 mL of the samplePI， Gently blow and mix well. Incubate on ice in the dark for 30 minutes. Note: We suggest adding the following two experimental controls:Blank tube: negative control group cells, without dye, used to regulate voltage.Single staining tube: Positive control group cells were treated with only two tubes, Oxazole yellow and PI, for regulating compensation.3. Flow detectionAfter incubation, the sample can be directly detected by flow cytometry, or centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant can be aspirated, and the sample can be resuspended in 1 mL of pre cooled PBS for flow cytometry detection. Oxazole yellow can be excited by a 488 nm laser, and the detected fluorescence emission spectrum is around 530 ± 30 nm (FITC channel), while the PI channel emission spectrum is around 617 nm (PI or PE channel).Product parameters：Oxazole yellow dye:ex/em = 491 / 509 nm (bound DNA); Propidium iodine:ex/em = 535 / 617 nm (combined with DMatters needing attention：1. please centrifuge the product to the bottom of the tube immediately before use, and then conduct subsequent experiments. 2. fluorescent dyes have quenching problems. Please try to avoid light to slow down fluorescence quenching. 3. for your safety and health, please wear experimental clothes and disposable gloves.Scope of application：Membrane permeability apoptosis assay... Read More | This plant protein extraction kit can extract soluble plant proteins from fresh, frozen, or dried plant tissues. Suitable for protein extraction from various plants and different parts of plants (such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, etc.), with high extraction efficiency, high protein yieldThis plant protein extraction kit can extract soluble plant proteins from fresh, frozen, or dried plant tissues. Suitable for protein extraction from various plants and different parts of plants (such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, etc.), with high extraction efficiency, high protein yield, high activity, and fast speed. The extracted protein can be directly subjected to protein electrophoresis analysis, immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, protein activity determination, and protein purification experiments. The concentration of the extracted protein can be determined using the BCA protein quantification kit. P665757Component100 TStorageP665757APlant Protein Extraction Reagent100 mLRTP665757BProtease Inhibitor Cocktail (100×)1 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. Precautions：1. This product contains 1mM EDTA.2. To prevent protein degradation, all operations should be carried out on ice as much as possible.3. After extracting protein using this product, the BCA method can be used for protein quantification.4. To achieve the best experimental results, please adjust the optimal usage amount according to the experiment.Operation steps:1. Please remove the required Plant Protein Extraction Agent for pre cooling before protein extraction.2. Weigh the weight of the experimental plant tissue. Add 5 ml of Plant Protein Extraction Agent to 1 g of tissue (add Protein Inhibitor Cocktail in a 1:99 ratio before protein extraction).Attention:1) Before homogenization, cut large pieces of plant tissue into small pieces and homogenize them with a mechanical homogenizer for 10 seconds, with an interval of 10 seconds. Repeat the process three times and select the appropriate homogenization method according to the different tissue samples.2) The amount of lysate used is adjusted according to different parts of the plant. If concentrated protein extracts are needed, the amount of Plant Protein Extraction Agent used can be appropriately reduced.3. After homogenization, incubate on ice for 20-30 minutes.4.4 ℃ 13400 × g, centrifuge for 20 minutes.5. Collect soluble proteins from the supernatant for further purification or downstream analysis... Read More |