| Description | Blood potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, sugar and protein metabolism, and ensuring normal neuromuscular function. Its concentration is closely related to various important physiological functions. Abnormally high or low levels can disrupt Blood potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, sugar and protein metabolism, and ensuring normal neuromuscular function. Its concentration is closely related to various important physiological functions. Abnormally high or low levels can disrupt normal physiological activities. Hyperkalemia increases neuromuscular excitability but decreases myocardial excitability, leading to bradycardia. Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness or even flaccid paralysis, increase myocardial excitability, and result in tachycardia, arrhythmias, or even cardiac arrest during systole.Detection Principle: Potassium ions (K⁺) in serum react with sodium tetraphenylboron to form water-insoluble potassium tetraphenylboron. The turbidity produced is directly proportional to the potassium ion concentration within a certain range. The serum potassium ion content is determined by measuring this turbidity.Applicable Sample: SerumG1501769Component96 TStorageG1501769AExtraction Buffer50 mL2-8℃G1501769BReagentⅠ2.4 mL2-8℃G1501769CReagentⅡ1EA2-8℃. Store in the dark.G1501769DReagentⅢ20 mL2-8℃G1501769EStandard1 mL2-8℃Note: Before formal testing, it is recommended to perform a preliminary test with 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences.User-Prepared Instruments and ReagentsMicroplate reader or visible spectrophotometer (capable of measuring absorbance at 520 nm)96-well plate or micro glass cuvettes, adjustable micropipettes and tipsCentrifugeDeionized water, Concentrated Sulfuric AcidExperimental Procedure1. Reagent PreparationReagent NameReagent PreparationNotesExtraction Buffer/Slightly irritating. Use appropriate personal protective equipment during handling.Working Extraction BufferPrepare before use: Mix Extraction Buffer (mL) and Concentrated Sulfuric Acid (µL) in a 5:12 ratio as needed. Prepare freshly for each use.If precipitate forms, prepare a new batch.Reagent Ⅱ Working SolutionPrepare before use: Add the entire contents of Reagent Ⅰ into the Reagent Ⅱ vial. Mix well. This is the Reagent Ⅱ Working Solution.Can be stored at 4°C protected from light for one week.ReagentⅢPreheat in a 25°C water bath for at least 30 minutes before use./StandardReady-to-use; Equilibrate to room temperature before use.Store at 4°C.2. Sample PreparationSerum Pretreatment: Take a microcentrifuge tube. Sequentially add 50 µL of serum and 450 µL of Working Extraction Buffer. Mix thoroughly. Centrifuge at 8,000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature (approximately 25°C). Collect the supernatant for assay.3. Assay Steps3.1 Preheat the microplate reader or visible spectrophotometer for at least 30 minutes. Set the wavelength to 520 nm. For spectrophotometers, zero the instrument with deionized water.3.2 Assay Procedure (perform in a 96-well plate or micro glass cuvette):ReagentBlank Well (µL)Standard Well (µL)Test Well (µL)Deionized Water4000Standard0400Supernatant0040Reagent Ⅱ Working Solution202020Mix well and let stand for 5 minutes.ReagentⅢ1401401403.3 Mix well after addition. Measure the absorbance at 520 nm. Record the absorbance of the Blank well as A blank, the Standard well as A standard, and the Test well as A test. Note:The Blank and Standard tubes only need to be set up 1-2 times.It is recommended to perform a preliminary test with 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences before the formal experiment. If A <sub> test </sub> is less than 0.02, consider increasing the sample volume appropriately. If A <sub> test </sub> is greater than 1.1, further dilute the sample with Working Extraction Buffer (multiply the result by the dilution factor) or reduce the sample volume used for extraction.4. Calculation of ResultsNote: We provide both the derived formula and a simplified formula. They are equivalent. It is recommended to use the simplified formula in bold for final calculation.Blood Potassium Concentration (mmol/L) = [C Standard × (A test - A blank ) ÷ (A standard - A blank )] × n = 5 × (A test - A blank ) ÷ (A standard - A blank )Parameter Definitions:C Standard : 0.5 mmol/Ln: Sample dilution factor (10)Precautions1. Before formal testing, it is recommended to perform a preliminary test with 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences.2. Biochemical reagents are generally irritating and potentially biologically toxic. For your safety and health, please use appropriate biosafety precautions throughout the experiment, including wearing lab coats, masks, gloves, and head covers. Perform experiments in a fume hood or biosafety cabinet.3. This product is for research use only. Not for use in clinical diagnosis... Read More | D-Lactate, typically present in the bloodstream at nanomolar concentrations, is produced by an intestinal source or via the methylglyoxal pathway. In mammals, D-Lactate metabolism requires D-Lactate hydrogenase and is metabolized slowly, thus an increase in blood concentration levels can lead to D-Lactate, typically present in the bloodstream at nanomolar concentrations, is produced by an intestinal source or via the methylglyoxal pathway. In mammals, D-Lactate metabolism requires D-Lactate hydrogenase and is metabolized slowly, thus an increase in blood concentration levels can lead to acidemia and acidosis. The severity of this D-lactic acidosis can be associated with neurotoxic symptoms. Significant D-Lactate accumulations in the body can also be related to impaired metabolism and excretion.D-Lactate Colorimetric Assay kit has been used to determine the stereospecificity of lactate produced.Suitability: Suitable for use with samples of serum, plasma, cells, culture and fermentation media.Principle: In this assay, D-Lactate is specifically oxidized by D-Lactate hydrogenase and generates a proportional colorimetric product measured at 450 nm. The useful concentration range in samples is 0.1-10 mM D-Lactate... Read More | The Endo F Multi-Kit will deglycosylate N-linked glycans in both native and denatured conditions. Each enzyme has a distinct specificity for N-linked glycan release. One can choose to use the three enzymes in combination to completely remove all N-linked glycans present on a glycoprotein or peptide,The Endo F Multi-Kit will deglycosylate N-linked glycans in both native and denatured conditions. Each enzyme has a distinct specificity for N-linked glycan release. One can choose to use the three enzymes in combination to completely remove all N-linked glycans present on a glycoprotein or peptide, or to use each enzyme independently and thereby determine the type of N-glycans present.Product DescriptionThe Endo F Multi-kit is recommended to deglycosylate native proteins that are resistant to PNGase F cleavage under non-denatured conditions due to the glycan location within the protein’s three-dimensional structure, as these enzymes are known to be less sensitive to protein conformation.Each of the enzymes has a different N-linked glycan specificity:Endoglycosidase F1 cleaves high mannose and some hybrid type N-glycansEndoglycosidase F2 releases biantennary and high mannose glycans (at a 40X reduced rate)Endoglycosidase F3 will release triantennarry and fucosylated biantennary N-glycansContents1 vial: Endo F1- 20 µl (0.3 U)20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.51 vial: Endo F2- 20 µl (0.1 U)10 mM sodium acetate, 25 mM NaCl, pH 4.51 vial: Endo F3- 20 µl (0.1 U)20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.51 vial: 5x Reaction Buffer - 400 µl250 mM sodium acetate, pH4.51 vial: 5x Reaction Buffer - 400 µl250 mM sodium phosphate, pH5.5Specific ActivityDefined as the amount of enzyme required to catalyze the release of N-linked oligosaccharides from 1 micro-mole of denatured Ribonuclease B (Endo F1) or porcine fibrinogen peptides (Endo F2/F3) in 1 minute at 37°C, pH 5.5 (PH 4.5 for Endo F3). Cleavage is monitored by SDS-PAGE.FormulationThe enzymes are provided as a sterile-filtered solution.StabilitySeveral days exposure to ambient temperatures will not reduce activity. Stable at least 12 months when stored properly.SpecificityEndo F1 cleaves Asparagine-linked (N-linked) high mannose or hybrid oligosaccharides. Endo F2 cleaves N-linked biantennary oligosaccharides and high mannose (at a 40X reduced rate). Endo F3 cleaves free or N-linked fucosylated biantennary or triantennary oligosaccharides,as well as triamannosylchitobiose core structures. These enzymes cleave between the two N-acetylglucosamine residues in the diacetylchitobiose core of the oligosaccharide, generating a truncated sugar molecule with one N-acetylglucosamine residue remaining on the asparagine. The recombinant version is not glycosylated, which may result in properties differing from the native protein.Quality & PurityEndo F1, Endo F2, and Endo F3 are tested for contaminating protease as follows: 10 µg of denatured BSA is incubated at 37°C for 24 hours with 2 µl of enzyme. SDS-PAGE analysis of the treated BSA shows no evidence of degradation. The absence of exoglycosidase contaminants is confirmed by extended incubations with the corresponding pNP-glycosides. Directions for use 1. Add up to 200 µg of glycoprotein to an Eppendorf tube. Adjust to 34 µl final volume with de-ionized water. 2. Add 10 µl Endo F2 &F3 5x Reaction Buffer, 250 mM sodium acetate pH 4.5. Use Endo F1 buffer, 250 mM sodium phosphate pH 5.5 if you are using the Endo F1 enzyme alone. 4. Add 2.0 µl of each enzyme to the reaction. Incubate 3 hours at 37°C. Monitor cleavage by SDS-PAGE. Applications– Deglycosylation of native proteins resistant to PNGase F cleavage– Determination of glycan type (high mannose, biantennary, tri/tetrantennary)– Deglycosylating proteins which normally precipitate when deglycosylating– X-Ray CrystallographyThese three enzymes cleave asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides between the two GlcNAc residues in the core of the oligosaccharide, generating a truncated sugar molecule with one N-acetylglucosamine residue remaining on the asparagine, enhancing the solubility of the protein. In contrast, PNGase F removes the oligosaccharide intact... Read More | Inquire | Products contentN665978Component384 TStorageN665978AIndex N502-N522 Primers for Illumina 16×24 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.N665978BIndex N701-N729 Primers for Illumina24×16 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. Products IntroductionThis kit is a companion to the Products contentN665978Component384 TStorageN665978AIndex N502-N522 Primers for Illumina 16×24 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.N665978BIndex N701-N729 Primers for Illumina24×16 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. Products IntroductionThis kit is a companion to the transposase-based rapid DNA library construction kit, designed for Illumina platform library construction. It contains 16 N5 primers and 24 N7 primers, which can be used to prepare 384 different bipartite Index libraries. All reagents provided in the kit have been subjected to stringent quality control and functional validation to maximize the stability and reproducibility of library construction. The libraries can be used for sequencing on Illumina platforms such as HiSeq X-10/4000/2500/2000 and MiSeq.Provide your own instruments, reagents and consumables1. Magnetic frame: DynaMagTM-2 is recommended.2. DNA purification and recovery kit: It is recommended to use Kangwei DNA purification and recovery kit by magnetic bead method.3. DNA building kit: It is recommended to use the Kangwei Century transposase method second-generation sequencing rapid DNA building kit.4. Anhydrous ethanol.5. Reaction tubes: It is recommended to use low adsorption PCR tubes with 1.5 ml centrifuge tubes; Tip: It is recommended to use a high quality filter tip to prevent contamination of kits and library samples. Pre-experiment Preparation and Important NotesPlease centrifuge briefly before opening the cap so that the liquid collects at the bottom of the tube to avoid cross-contamination between different primers.procedure For the use of the CombiVision Second Generation Sequencing Multisample Primer Kit, please follow the CombiVision Second Generation Sequencing Rapid DNA Library Kit protocol. Index N502-N522 Primers for Illumina Index N701-N729 Primers for Illumina... Read More |