| Description | Pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK, EC 2.7.9.1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the C4 pathway and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway. It catalyzes the three-step conversion of ATP, pyruvate, and Pi to phosphoenolpyruvate. This enzyme is primarily located in the chloroplast stroma of C4 plants Pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK, EC 2.7.9.1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the C4 pathway and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway. It catalyzes the three-step conversion of ATP, pyruvate, and Pi to phosphoenolpyruvate. This enzyme is primarily located in the chloroplast stroma of C4 plants and plays a crucial regulatory role in photosynthetic function. The assay measures PPDK activity based on its reverse reaction, which converts phosphoenolpyruvate, AMP, and PPi into pyruvate, ATP, and Pi. The generated pyruvate is then further catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the presence of NADH to produce lactate and NAD+. The rate of decrease in NADH absorbance at 340 nm is measured and used to calculate PPDK activity.Component100TStorageExtraction Buffer100 mL2-8℃Reagent 125 mL2-8℃Reagent 22 EA-20℃Reagent 3 40 µL2-8℃Note for Reagent 3: The volume is small. Briefly centrifuge the tube before use if the liquid is adhered to the wall.User-Prepared Instruments & Materials UV spectrophotometer or microplate reader, benchtop centrifuge, adjustable pipettes, micro quartz cuvette or 96-well plate, mortar, ice, and distilled water.Sample Preparation Homogenize the tissue sample on ice using a mortar and pestle in Extraction Buffer with a recommended ratio of 1:5 to 1:10 (tissue weight (g) : Extraction Buffer volume (mL)). (For example, weigh about 0.1 g of tissue and add 1 mL of Extraction Buffer). Centrifuge the homogenate at 8000 g, 4°C for 10 minutes. Collect the supernatant and keep it on ice for assay.Assay Procedure1. Instrument Setup: Preheat the spectrophotometer or microplate reader for at least 30 minutes. Set the wavelength to 340 nm. Zero the instrument with distilled water.2. Sample Measurement:2.1 Working Solution Preparation: Just before use, add one vial of Reagent 2 to 10 mL of Reagent 1 and add 5 µL of Reagent 3. Mix thoroughly and incubate at 37°C for 5 minutes. Any unused solution should be aliquoted and stored at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.2.2 Reaction Setup: Add 10 µL of the sample supernatant and 190 µL of the Working Solution into a micro quartz cuvette or a well of a 96-well plate. Mix immediately and record the initial absorbance value at 340 nm (A1). After incubating at 37°C for exactly 5 minutes, record the absorbance value again (A2). Calculate ΔA = A1 - A2. PPDK Activity Calculation 1. Calculation for Micro Quartz Cuvette Assay: 1.1 Based on Sample Protein Concentration: Unit Definition: One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount that consumes 1 nmol of NADH per minute per mg of protein. Formula: PPDK Activity (nmol/min/mg prot) = [ΔA × V total_reaction ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (V sample × Cpr) ÷ T = 643 × ΔA ÷ Cpr 1.2 Based on Sample Fresh Weight: Unit Definition: One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount that consumes 1 nmol of NADH per minute per gram of fresh tissue. Formula: PPDK Activity (nmol/min/g fresh weight) = [ΔA × V total_reaction ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (W × V sample ÷ V total_extract ) ÷ T = 643 × ΔA ÷ W 2. Calculation for 96-Well Plate Assay: 2.1 Based on Sample Protein Concentration: Unit Definition: One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount that consumes 1 nmol of NADH per minute per mg of protein. Formula: PPDK Activity (nmol/min/mg prot) = [ΔA × V total_reaction ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (V sample × Cpr) ÷ T = 1286 × ΔA ÷ Cpr 2.2 Based on Sample Fresh Weight: Unit Definition: One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount that consumes 1 nmol of NADH per minute per gram of fresh tissue. Formula: PPDK Activity (nmol/min/g fresh weight) = [ΔA × V total reaction ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (W × V sample ÷ V total extract ) ÷ T = 1286 × ΔA ÷ W Parameters Explanation: V total_reaction : Total reaction volume, 2×10⁻⁴ L ε: Molar extinction coefficient of NADH, 6.22×10³ L/mol/cm d: Light path (1 cm for micro cuvette; 0.5 cm for 96-well plate) V sample : Volume of sample supernatant added, 0.01 mL V total extract : Total volume of extraction buffer added, 1 mL T: Reaction time, 5 min Cpr: Sample protein concentration, mg/mL W: Sample mass, g Notes It is essential to perform a preliminary assay using 2-3 samples expected to have significant activity differences before formal testing... Read More | When apoptosis occurs, some DNA endonucleases will be activated. These endonucleases will cut off genomic DNA between nucleosomes and produce 180 bp-200 BP DNA fragments, which appear as a specific ladder pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis. When double strand or single strand breaks occur in When apoptosis occurs, some DNA endonucleases will be activated. These endonucleases will cut off genomic DNA between nucleosomes and produce 180 bp-200 BP DNA fragments, which appear as a specific ladder pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis. When double strand or single strand breaks occur in genomic DNA, a large number of sticky 3'-oh ends will be generated, which can interact with YF under the catalysis of deoxyribonucleotide terminal transferase (TDT) ®/ CY dUTP binding can directly detect apoptotic cells by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. This kind of method is called terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). Because normal or proliferating cells have almost no DNA breaks, there is no 3'-oh formation and they can rarely be stained. TUNEL method can stain intact single apoptotic nuclei or apoptotic bodies in situ, can accurately reflect the typical biochemical and morphological characteristics of apoptosis, and can detect a very small number of apoptotic cells, so it is widely used in the study of apoptosis. This kit has a wide range of applications and can be used to detect apoptosis in frozen or paraffin sections, as well as cultured adherent cells or suspended cells. It can selectively detect apoptotic cells, but not necrotic cells or cells with DNA strand breaks caused by irradiation and drug treatment. This kit detects cell apoptosis with a short time-consuming, one-step staining reaction and can be detected after washing. Component： Instruction： Experimental materials (self provided)PBS buffer (1 x, pH~7.4). 0.2% Triton X -100 (PBS formulation). 0.1% Triton X -100 (PBS formulation, containing 5 mg/mLBSA)4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS)Immunohistochemical penDewaxing solvent (paraffin section sample)Related reagents for paraffin section processingAnti fluorescence quenching and sealing agent. ddH2Oexperimental design. A. Positive control:Prepare positive control slides using DNaseI treatment. DNaseI can digest single or double stranded DNA and expose the 3 '- OH end, artificially causing cell apoptosis. One experiment per time is sufficient. (To verify if there are any issues with the experimental operation and reagent kit)B. Negative control:Use TUNEL Reaction Buffer without TdT Enzyme and replace TdT Enzyme with ddH2O. (Mainly to exclude non-specific staining caused by cell apoptosis, operational processes, and other reasons; and to adjust the exposure intensity of the shooting.)C. Experimental processing group.The experimental group operated normally according to the instructions.D. Experimental control group.The experimental group operated normally according to the instructions.Experimental steps1. Sample preparation:(1) For adherent cells or cell smearsa. Clean once with PBS.Note: If you are concerned that the cells on the cell smear may not adhere firmly, you can dry the sample to make the cells adhere more firmly.b. Fixation: Add an appropriate amount of 4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS) and fix at 4 ℃ for 30 minutes. Clean twice with PBS.c. Translucency: Add an appropriate amount of 0.2% Triton X -100 (prepared with PBS) and let it penetrate at room temperature for 20 minutes. Clean twice with PBS.d. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(2) For suspended cells or cell suspensionsa. Collect cells (3-5 x 106 cells), centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, and wash twice with PBS.b. Fixation: Add an appropriate amount of 4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS) and resuspend the cells thoroughly. Fix at 4 ℃ for 30 minutes. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and clean twice with PBS.c. Translucency: Add an appropriate amount of 0.2% Triton X -100 (prepared with PBS) and let it penetrate at room temperature for 20 minutes. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and clean twice with PBS.d. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(3) Paraffin tissue sectioninga. Dewaxing and hydration: Place the sliced samples sequentially in xylene I (10 min) → xylene II (10 min) → 100% ethanol I (5 min) → 100% ethanol II (5 min) → 95% ethanol (5 min) → 90% ethanol (5 min) → 80% ethanol (5 min) → 70% ethanol (5 min) → ddH2O rinse for 5 min, rinse twice.Note: Xylene is toxic and volatile. Please perform this operation in a fume hood.b. Use filter paper to dry the liquid around the sliced sample, and circle the sample contour with an immunohistochemical pen for downstream transparency and labeling.Note: If it is found that the contour circle of immunohistochemistry strokes is damaged in subsequent experimental operations, it needs to be redrawn in a timely manner.c. Transparency: Dilute 2 mg/mL of ProteinaseK solution with PBS in a ratio of 1:100 to a final concentration of 20 µ g/mL. Add 100 µ L dropwise to each sample to cover all sample areas. Incubate at 20-37 ℃ for 20 minutes.Note: Protein K can penetrate the cell membrane and nuclear membrane, allowing subsequent staining reagents to fully enter the nucleus for reaction and improve labeling efficiency. An excessively long incubation time increases the risk of tissue slices falling off the carrier film during subsequent washing steps, while a too short incubation time may result in insufficient permeability treatment and affect labeling efficiency. To obtain better results, the concentration, incubation time, and temperature of Protein K need to be optimized according to different types of tissue samples.d. Wash the slices twice with PBS, each time for 5 minutes. Use filter paper to remove excess liquid, and place the processed sample in a wet box to keep it moist.Note: Protein K must be washed thoroughly in this step, otherwise it will seriously interfere with subsequent labeling reactions.e. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(4) Frozen tissue sectionsa. Fixation: Take out frozen sections and warm them back to room temperature. Add an appropriate amount of 4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS) and fix at room temperature for 30 minutes. Wash twice with PBS for 10 minutes each time.Note: If you are concerned that formaldehyde cleaning may not be clean enough, it may affect the final dyeing effect. After formaldehyde fixation is completed, an appropriate amount of 2 mg/mL glycine can be added and washed for 10 minutes to neutralize the residual fixing solution, and then PBS cleaning can be carried out.b. Use filter paper to dry the liquid around the sliced sample, and circle the sample contour with an immunohistochemical pen for downstream transparency and labeling.Note: If it is found that the contour circle of immunohistochemistry strokes is damaged in subsequent experimental operations, it needs to be redrawn in a timely manner.c. Transparency: Dilute 2 mg/mL of ProteinaseK solution with PBS in a ratio of 1:100 to a final concentration of 20 µ g/mL. Add 100 µ L dropwise to each sample to cover all sample areas. Incubate at 20-37 ℃ for 20 minutes.Note: Protein K can penetrate the cell membrane and nuclear membrane, allowing subsequent staining reagents to fully enter the nucleus for reaction and improve labeling efficiency. An excessively long incubation time increases the risk of tissue slices falling off the carrier film during subsequent washing steps, while a too short incubation time may result in insufficient permeability treatment and affect labeling efficiency. To obtain better results, the concentration, incubation time, and temperature of Protein K need to be optimized according to different types of tissue samples.d. Wash the slices twice with PBS, each time for 5 minutes. Use filter paper to remove excess liquid, and place the processed sample in a wet box to keep it moist.Note: Protein K must be washed thoroughly in this step, otherwise it will seriously interfere with subsequent labeling reactions.e. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(5) Positive treatment (only the positive control is subjected to this step, and other samples are directly subjected to the TUNEL reaction step)a. Dilute 10 x DNase I Buffer with ddH2O in a ratio of 1:10 to 1 x DNase I Buffer for later use.b. Drip 100 µ L of 1xDNase I Buffer onto the processed sample, covering all sample areas, and equilibrate at room temperature for 5 minutes.c. Dilute DNase I (2 U) with 1 x DNase I Buffer at a ratio of 1:100/ µ L) A working solution with a final concentration of 20 U/mL.d. Discard the buffer and add 100 µ Incubate DNase I working solution with a concentration of 20 U/mL at room temperature for 10 minutes.e. Discard DNase I working solution and clean twice with PBS.f. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.2. TUNEL reaction(1) Prepare TUNEL reaction solution (ready to use): / 1 sample 5 sample 10 sample TdT enzyme 1 µL 5 µL 10 µL YF®488/555/594/640 TUNEL Reaction Buffer 49 µL 245 µL 490 µL TUNEL Total volume of reaction solution 50 µL 250 µL 500 µL (2) For adherent cells, cell smears, or tissue sectionsa. Add 50 to each sample µ L TUNEL reaction solution, evenly cover the sample with the reaction solution. The appropriate time for dark incubation at 37 ℃ (recommended staining time for cells is 30 minutes to 1 hour, and tissue staining time is 2 hours).Note: 50 µ L TUNEL reaction solution is suitable for smear, slicing, or 96 well plates (other different well plates can adjust the volume of TUNEL reaction solution appropriately to cover cells). If the sample to be tested is a smear, slice, or in a 24 well plate, 12 well plate, or 6 well plate, anti evaporation film can be used, or self sealing bags or other appropriate materials can be used to cut circular plastic sheets slightly smaller than the holes. After adding TUNEL reaction solution dropwise, cover the sample to prevent the evaporation of TUNEL reaction solution and make the TUNEL reaction solution evenly cover the sample.b. Discard the TUNEL reaction solution, wash twice with PBS, and then wash three times with 0.1% Triton X -100 (PBS preparation, containing 5 mg/mL BSA) for 5 minutes each time. This way, free unreacted markers can be removed cleanly.c. (Optional) Add an appropriate concentration of 5 to each sample µ DAPI staining solution with a concentration of g/mL, incubated at room temperature in dark for 5 minutes. After staining, discard DAPI staining solution and wash twice with PBS for 5 minutes each time.d. (Optional) Slice sealing: Add 50 drops to each sample µ L anti fluorescence quenching sealing agent (anti fluorescence quenching sealing agent may not be suitable for certain dyes, it is recommended to conduct pre experimental testing for compatibility before the experiment), cover the cover glass, gently tap the cover glass with the blunt end of tweezers to remove bubbles and ensure complete sealing.e. Use filter paper to remove excess liquid and add 100 to the sample area µ Keep the sample moist with PBS and immediately observe under a fluorescence microscope.(3) For suspended cells or cell suspensionsa. Add 50 to each sample tube µ Gently resuspend cells in LTUNEL reaction solution and incubate at 37 ℃ in the dark for 30-1 hour. Gently resuspend cells with a micropipette every 15 minutes.b. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, discard TUNEL reaction solution, and wash twice with 0.1% Triton X -100 (PBS preparation, containing 5 mg/mLBSA) for 5 minutes each time. This way, free unreacted markers can be removed cleanly.c. Add 100 to each sample tube µ L concentration is 5 µ DAPI staining solution with a concentration of g/mL, incubated at room temperature in dark for 5 minutes.d. Join 400 µ L PBS resuspended cells and immediately detected with a flow cytometer or observed under a fluorescence microscope after smearing.Matters needing attention：1. please centrifuge the product to the bottom of the tube immediately before use, and then conduct subsequent experiments. 2. when the staining background is heavy or non-specific staining is obvious, the staining time can be appropriately reduced. 3. it is recommended to add negative control and positive control groups during the experiment. 4. please wear mask and gloves when using component A. if it contacts the skin, please wash it with plenty of water immediately. 5. fluorescent dyes have quenching problems. Please try to avoid light to slow down fluorescence quenching. 6. for your safety and health, please wear experimental clothes and disposable gloves. Product parameters：590/617nm； Scope of application：Late apoptosis detection, TUNEL Kit... Read More | Lipid peroxidation is the degradation of lipids that occurs as a result of oxidative damage and is a useful marker for oxidative stress. Polyunsaturated lipids are susceptible to an oxidative attack, typically by reactive oxygen species, resulting in a well-defined chain reaction with the productionLipid peroxidation is the degradation of lipids that occurs as a result of oxidative damage and is a useful marker for oxidative stress. Polyunsaturated lipids are susceptible to an oxidative attack, typically by reactive oxygen species, resulting in a well-defined chain reaction with the production of end products such as malondialdehyde (MDA). Lipid peroxidation may contribute to the pathology of many diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer′s.Lipid peroxidation (MDA) assay kit has been used to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA).Suitability: Suitable for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a variety of samples including tissue, cells and plasmaPrinciple: In this kit, lipid peroxidation is determined by the reaction of MDA with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to form a colorimetric (532 nm)/fluorometric (λex= 532/λem= 553 nm) product, proportional to the MDA present... Read More | Product content: M665559Component50 TStorageM665559ABuffer GTT15 mLRTM665559BBuffer GL15 mLRTM665559CBuffer GW1（concentrate）13 mLRTM665559DBuffer GW2（concentrate）15 mLRTM665559EBuffer GE15 mLRTM665559FProteinase K1.25 mLRTM665559GSpin CoLumns DM with CoLLection Tubes50 Product content: M665559Component50 TStorageM665559ABuffer GTT15 mLRTM665559BBuffer GL15 mLRTM665559CBuffer GW1（concentrate）13 mLRTM665559DBuffer GW2（concentrate）15 mLRTM665559EBuffer GE15 mLRTM665559FProteinase K1.25 mLRTM665559GSpin CoLumns DM with CoLLection Tubes50 EART Product Introduction:This reagent kit is suitable for extracting high-purity total DNA from fresh or frozen mouse or rat tails. The method provided by this reagent kit is simple and feasible, and the purification process does not require phenol or chloroform extraction. It can obtain DNA fragments up to 50 kb, and can also effectively recover fragments of 100 bp. This reagent kit uses a unique lysis solution to effectively lyse mouse tail samples. The optimized buffer system efficiently binds the DNA generated after the lysis of mouse tail to the silica matrix adsorption column, while other pollutants can flow through the membrane; Inhibitors of PCR and other enzymatic reactions can be effectively removed through a two-step washing process, followed by washing with low salt buffer or water to obtain high-purity DNA. The purified DNA can be directly used for downstream experiments such as enzyme digestion, PCR, ReaL Time PCR, library construction, Southern BLot, and molecular labeling.Self prepared reagent: anhydrous ethanol.Preparation and important precautions before the experiment:1. Samples should avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, otherwise it may result in smaller extracted DNA fragments and a decrease in extraction volume.2.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to BufferGW1 and BufferGW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.3. Before use, please check if there is any crystallization or precipitation in the Buffer GL. If there is any crystallization or precipitation, please dissolve the Buffer GL again in a 56 ℃ water bath.Operation steps:1. Take a tail of a rat or two mice with a length of 0.4-0.6 cm, grind it into fine powder in liquid nitrogen or cut it into pieces and place it in a centrifuge tube (provided by oneself). Join 180 µ L Buffer GTT, shake and mix well. Note: Ensure that the starting quantity of the organization does not exceed the recommended range.2. Add 20 µ L Protein K, vortex oscillation, thoroughly mix.3. Place in a 56 ℃ water bath until the tissue solution is completely clear. Generally, digestion is required for 6-8 hours. During the incubation process, vortex oscillation is required to evenly disperse the sample. Note: 1) If there is still gel like substance after incubation and vortex oscillation, digest overnight or add 20 more if necessary µ L Protein K digestion will not affect subsequent operations. 2) To remove RNA, add 4 after completing the above steps µ L 100 mg/mL RNase A solution, shake well and let stand at room temperature for 5-10 minutes.4.12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 1 minute to remove undigested tissues similar to mouse hair. Transfer the supernatant to a new centrifuge tube (provided by oneself).5. Add 200 µ L Buffer GL, vortex oscillation, thoroughly mixed. Join 200 µ L anhydrous ethanol, vortex and shake, thoroughly mix. Short centrifugation allows the solution on the tube wall to be collected to the bottom of the tube.Attention: 1) After adding Buffer GL and anhydrous ethanol, immediately vortex and shake to mix well.2) If multiple samples are operated together, Buffer GL and anhydrous ethanol can be mixed in equal proportions and added to the samples together.3) The addition of Buffer GL and anhydrous ethanol may produce white precipitates, which will not affect subsequent experiments.6. Add all the solutions obtained in step 5 to the adsorption column (Spin CoLumins DM) that has been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.7. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW1 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.8. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Note: To further improve DNA purity, repeat step 8.9.12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry. Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which will affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).10. Place the adsorption column in a new centrifuge tube (provided by oneself) and add 50-200 to the middle of the adsorption column in the air µ L Buffer GE or sterilized water, leave at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect DNA solution, and store DNA at -20 ℃.Note: 1) If downstream experiments are sensitive to pH or EDTA, they can be washed off with sterilized water. The pH value of the eluent has a significant impact on the elution efficiency. If water is used as the eluent, its pH value should be ensured to be between 7.0-8.5 (NaOH can be used to adjust the pH value of the water to this range). When the pH value is below 7.0, the elution efficiency is not high.2) Incubating at room temperature for 5 minutes before centrifugation can increase yield.3) Use an additional 50-200 µ Re washing with L Buffer GE or sterilized water can increase yield.4) If you want to increase the final concentration of DNA, you can add the DNA eluent obtained in step 10 back onto the adsorption membrane and repeat step 10; If the elution volume is less than 200 µ L. It is possible to increase the final concentration of DNA, but it may reduce the total yield. If the amount of DNA is less than 1 µ g. Recommended 50 µ L Buffer GE or off... Read More | This reagent kit is based on TRIzon's improved columnar total RNA extraction kit. This product can be extracted from animal groupsExtract total RNA from samples such as textiles, plant materials, various microorganisms, and cultured cells. Firstly, the cracking solution is fully cracked This reagent kit is based on TRIzon's improved columnar total RNA extraction kit. This product can be extracted from animal groupsExtract total RNA from samples such as textiles, plant materials, various microorganisms, and cultured cells. Firstly, the cracking solution is fully cracked andHomogenized samples, in their unique high salt state, RNA specifically binds to silicon matrix membranes, greatly reducingEffectively removing organic solvent contamination while removing protein contamination, resulting in higher purity and quality of RNA. bookThe product can quickly extract total RNA from various cells or tissues, and can process 30-50 mg of tissue or 5 × 10 ⁶ cells each time,Can handle multiple different samples simultaneously. If it is an RNA experiment that is very sensitive to trace amounts of DNA, the residual DNA can be utilizedUsing DNase without RNase for digestion and removal on the column, the extracted RNA can be directly applied to RT-PCR Experiments such as Northern Blot, Dot Blot, and in vitro translation. U665516 Component 50 T Storage U665516A DNase I 1000 U -20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. U665516B 10×Reaction Buffer 1000 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. U665516C TRIzon Reagent 60 mL 2-8℃. Protect from light. U665516D TRIzon PaI™ 10 mL 2-8℃. Protect from light. U665516E Buffer RW1 40 mL RT U665516F Buffer RW2 (concentrate) 11 mL RT U665516G RNase-Free Water 10 mL RT U665516H Spin Columns RM with Collection Tubes 50 sets RT U665516I RNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL) 50 EA RTPreparation and important precautions before the experiment:1.To prevent RNase pollution, attention should be paid to the following aspects:1) RNase's plastic products and gun heads to avoid cross contamination.2) Prepare the solution using water without RNase.3) Operators should wear disposable masks and gloves, and change gloves frequently during the experiment.2. The sample should avoid repeated freezing and thawing, otherwise it will affect the yield and quality of RNA extraction.3. If TRIzon Reagent is found to have precipitates before use, it can be dissolved in a water bath at 56 ℃ for a few minutes.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer RW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.5. All centrifugation steps should be carried out at room temperature unless otherwise specified, and all operation steps should be carried out quickly.Usage：1. Sample processing1a. Organization: 30-50 mg of tissue is thoroughly ground in liquid nitrogen and 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent is added, or 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent is added to the tissue sample and homogenized. Attention: The sample volume should not exceed 10% of the volume of TRIzon Reagent.2a. Single layer cell culture: Remove the culture medium and add an appropriate amount every 10 cm ² Add 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent.3a. Cell suspension: Collect cells by centrifugation. Add 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent to every 5 × 10 µ m cell.2. After adding TRIzon Reagent, repeatedly blow a few times to fully crack the sample. Leave at room temperature for 5 minutes to completely separate the protein nucleic acid complex.3. Add 200 to every 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent µ LTRIzon PaI ™， Cover the tube tightly, vigorously shake for 15 seconds, and let it sit at room temperature for 2 minutes.4. Centrifuge at 4 ℃ 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 10 minutes. At this time, the sample is divided into three layers: the red organic phase, the middle layer, and the upper colorless aqueous phase. RNA is mainly in the upper aqueous phase. Move the upper aqueous phase to a new RNase Free centrifuge tube (provided).5. Add an equal volume of 70% ethanol (prepared without RNase water) to the obtained aqueous solution, invert and mix well.6. Add all the solutions obtained in the previous step to the spin columns RM that have been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred in multiple batches. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 20 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.7. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 20 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.8. Preparation of DNase I mixture: Take 52 µ LRNase Free Water, add 8 to it µ L 10 x Reaction Buffer and 20 µ L DNase I (1 U/ µ L) Mix well and prepare to a final volume of 80 µ The reaction solution of L.9. Directly add 80 µ L DNase I mixture to the adsorption column and incubate at 20-30 ℃ for 15 minutes.10. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.11. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 20 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.12. Repeat step 11.Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes and thoroughly air dry. Attention: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which will affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (enzyme digestion,. )PCR, etc.14. Place the adsorption column in a new RNase free centrifuge tube and add 30-50 to the middle of the adsorption column µ Place RNase Free Water at room temperature for 1 minute, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect RNA solution, and store RNA at -70 ℃ to prevent degradation.Attention:1) The volume of RNase Free Water should not be less than 30 µ L. Small volume affects the recovery rate.2) If you want to increase RNA production, you can use 30-50 µ Repeat step 14 for the new RNase Free Water.3) If you want to increase the RNA concentration, you can add the obtained solution back to the adsorption column and repeat step 14... Read More |