| Description | Product Introduction:1. The Biotin Assay Blocking Kit is a kit primarily designed for blocking tissue and cell samples to significantly reduce background during detection processes such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunofluorescence (IF), and fluorescence in situ Product Introduction:1. The Biotin Assay Blocking Kit is a kit primarily designed for blocking tissue and cell samples to significantly reduce background during detection processes such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunofluorescence (IF), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These detection methods are based on biotin and streptavidin or avidin, including the SABC (Streptavidin-Biotin Complex) method and ABC (Avidin-Biotin Complex) method.2. This kit contains two types of blocking buffers: Biotin Blocking Buffer (100X): Contains streptavidin and other components, which can fully bind to and block endogenous biotin, and reduce non-specific binding to labeled streptavidin in subsequent steps. Streptavidin/Biotin-Binding Blocking Buffer (100X): Contains biotin, which can fully block endogenous biotin-binding proteins and the streptavidin bound during the previous blocking step. Through this two-step blocking process, the goal of significantly reducing background can be achieved.3. This kit is suitable for blocking frozen sections and paraffin sections, and also applicable for blocking cultured cells.Product Features:1. Easy to Use – Can be performed simultaneously with the blocking step of conventional immunostaining, significantly saving blocking time.2. Stable Performance – Effectively reduces non-specific staining and improves detection sensitivity.Product Components and Storage Conditions:Product numberComponent200TStorageB1209118ABiotin Blocking Buffer (100×)200 µl-20ºCB1209118BStreptavidin/Biotin-Binding Blocking Buffer (100×)200 µl-20ºCOperating Steps:1. For immunostaining assays such as IHC, ICC, and IF:a. Dilution of blocking buffers: Based on the required volume, dilute Biotin Blocking Buffer and Streptavidin/Biotin-Binding Blocking Buffer to 1X using an appropriate conventional blocking buffer.b. After thorough washing of the sections and before primary antibody incubation, add an appropriate amount of Biotin Blocking Buffer and incubate for 10-30 minutes. Incubation for 10 minutes is recommended when diluted with a rapid immunostaining blocking buffer; incubation for 30 minutes is recommended when diluted with a regular blocking buffer.c. Wash the samples with washing buffer 3 times, 5 minutes each.d. Add an appropriate amount of Streptavidin/Biotin-Binding Blocking Buffer and incubate for 10-30 minutes. Incubation for 10 minutes is recommended when using a rapid immunostaining blocking buffer; incubation for 30 minutes is recommended when using a regular blocking buffer.e. Wash the samples with washing buffer 3 times, 5 minutes each.f. Proceed with subsequent steps such as primary antibody incubation according to conventional procedures.2. For in situ hybridization (FISH) detection:a. Dilution of blocking buffers: Based on the required volume, dilute Biotin Blocking Buffer and Streptavidin/Biotin-Binding Blocking Buffer to 1X using an appropriate diluent. The washing buffer for in situ hybridization can be used for dilution.b. Before hybridization with biotin-labeled probes, add an appropriate amount of Biotin Blocking Buffer and incubate for 15-30 minutes.c. Wash the samples with washing buffer 3 times, 5 minutes each.d. Add an appropriate amount of Streptavidin/Biotin-Binding Blocking Buffer and incubate for 15-30 minutes.e. Wash the samples with washing buffer 3 times, 5 minutes each.f. Proceed with subsequent steps such as hybridization with biotin-labeled probes according to conventional in situ hybridization detection procedures.Precautions:1. This kit can also perform the above-mentioned blocking steps after the primary antibody incubation is completed and the sample is washed 3-4 times with washing buffer, followed by subsequent steps such as secondary antibody incubation.2. This kit can simultaneously perform biotin-related blocking and conventional blocking, eliminating the need for additional conventional immunostaining blocking steps.3. For your safety and health, please wear a lab coat and disposable gloves during operation... Read More | DescriptionRefer to the product′s Certificate of Analysis for more information on a suitable instrument technique. Contact Technical Service for further support | The content of this cell is too long for an XLSX file (more than 32767 characters). Please use the CSV format for this export | functional group：carboxylic acid Description:Liposome Kit has been used for the preparation of liposomes. Composition：Cholesterol, 9 µmol/package L-α-Phosphatidylcholine (egg yolk), 63 µmol/package Stearylamine, 18 µmol/package | Component Description T665563Component50 TStorageApplicationT665563AVNTR3820 1 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.High resolution 3-lite VNTR detectionT665563BVNTR41201 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.High resolution 3-lite VNTR detectionT665563CVNTR32321 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw Component Description T665563Component50 TStorageApplicationT665563AVNTR3820 1 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.High resolution 3-lite VNTR detectionT665563BVNTR41201 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.High resolution 3-lite VNTR detectionT665563CVNTR32321 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.High resolution 3-lite VNTR detectionT665563DMarkerⅠ300 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.DNA Molecular Weight Standard IT665563EMarkerⅡ250 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.DNA Molecular Weight Standard IIProduct IntroductionThis kit is a genotyping product for human Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on the latest research progress in molecular epidemiology1) and optimized by process. It utilizes variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphisms in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome for genotyping to differentiate clinical strains, and is a powerful tool for studying the molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and monitoring the status of tuberculosis transmission. Compared with other existing Mycobacterium tuberculosis VNTR typing systems based on the VNTR principle, this typing system has a stronger ability to discriminate strains prevalent in China1,2,3), and is therefore particularly suitable for the needs of Chinese users.By carefully optimizing the primer sequences of each PCR reaction and the composition of the premixed reaction solution, this product has a strong anti-interference power. Compared with the user's own reagents, this product significantly improves the signal intensity of specific bands and reduces the appearance of non-specific bands when using crude templates (boiling bacterial solution), which makes the experimental operation easier and quicker, and at the same time, improves the success rate of the test. The premixed reaction solution is chemically stable and can effectively withstand repeated freezing and thawing (10 times) and a longer period of time (one week) at room temperature, which is better adapted to the user's need for flexibility in the detection work.This kit is a companion product to the TB Genotyping Kit VNTR-9. For samples identified as clustered or identical strains by the VNTR-9 kit, this product can be used for finer further typing identification if necessary. The three high-resolution detection sites VNTR3820, VNTR4120 and VNTR3232 in this product can be used in combination with the nine detection sites in the VNTR-9 to increase the resolution index (Hunter-Gaston index (HGI) to 0.9931).References1) Luo T et al. Development of a hierarchical variable-number tandem repeat typing scheme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 25. 9(2)2)Sun G et al. Discriminatory potential of a novel set of Variable Number of Tandem Repeats for genotyping Mycobacterium marinum. Vet Microbiol. 2011 Aug Vet Microbiol. 2011 Aug 26;152(1-2)3) Zhang L et al. Highly polymorphic variable-number tandem repeats loci for differentiating Beijing genotype strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Shanghai, China. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 May;282(1):22-31.matters needing attention1.This product is a companion to the TB genotyping kit VNTR-9. The strains to be tested should be tested by VNTR-9 typing test first, and then use this product for testing. And the results of this product should be integrated and analyzed with the results of VNTR-9.2.To avoid contamination, it is recommended that the preparation of the organisms be done within a different location than the preparation of the PCR Mix and that different pipettes be used.3.Care should be taken at all stages of sample DNA collection, extraction and amplification to ensure proper labeling and to prevent cross-contamination between different samples.4.Commonly used reagents and consumables need to be autoclaved before experimentation.5.Each tube of PCR Mix contains different primers and cannot be mixed. It can be dispensed into different amounts at once according to the experimental needs to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.6.To avoid splashing the reaction solution when opening the reaction tube, centrifuge briefly before opening the cap and collect the liquid at the bottom of the tube. In case of accidental splashing on gloves or table, change gloves immediately and wipe the table with 75% alcohol or dilute acid.7.Be careful not to cross-contaminate the PCR Mix when aspirating, and it is recommended that the pipette tip be wiped with 75% alcohol 2 times before taking Mix each time.8.Pre-experiment preparation: 1×TE buffer (PH=8.0), 0.5×TBE buffer, agarose, ethidium bromide (EB), normal PCR instrument, DNA electrophoresis equipment and gel imager, 0.2 ml PCR reaction tubes, octuplex or 96-well PCR tubes, pipettes of different sizes: 0.5-10 µl and 20-200 µl.Operation steps1. DNA template preparation:1.1. scrape a small amount (1-2 inoculation loops) of sample from solid medium, resuspend in 100ul TE and inactivate at 80°C for 30 minutes.1.2. The inactivated strain was taken out of the P3 laboratory as follows:Boil at 100°C for 10 minutes (be careful to avoid bursting the cap of the EP tube during boiling to avoid letting water into the tube), place immediately on ice for 2 minutes, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) for 10 minutes, take the supernatant and place in another sterile EP tube, label it, and store at -20°C.2. Testing procedures:2.1. Remove the TB Genotyping Kit HV-3, allow the liquid to equilibrate to room temperature, mix by shaking slightly 3-4 times, and then centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 x g) for 5 seconds to allow the capped liquid to fall back into the tube.2.2.Three-locus VNTR typing: strains with identical results at 12 loci need to be further VNTR typed, i.e., the following four loci are added for comparison.1）PCR amplification: the reaction system was 20 µl. 19 µl of PCR Mix of VNTR3820, VNTR4120, and VNTR3232 were added to each PCR tube, 1 µl of DNA template was added, and mixed well.2）Amplification conditions:3) Gel preparation and electrophoresis:a: Notes:Important! Positive (H37Rv strain DNA) and negative controls (deionized water) need to be set up for each experiment.Key! This experiment is based on agarose gel electrophoresis to interpret the genotype of VNTR locus, therefore, in order to make the results accurate, it is necessary to follow the unified standard operation in this step of electrophoresis, and the following points should be noted:a-1: The comb used for glue making is 18 holes.a-2: The two wells on the left and right sides of the gel were discarded due to the tendency to distort the bands during electrophoresis, affecting the interpretation of the results, or a negative control was spotted in one of the wells. The remaining 16 wells were divided into 12 samples, 3 DNA Markers and 1 positive control. The order of spotting was "1, 2, M, 3, 4, 5, 6, M, 7, 8, 9, 10, M, 11, 12, H37Rv", the numbers represent samples, and M represents DNA Marker.a-3: When PCR amplification products are subjected to the first electrophoresis and Marker I is used, the gel concentration is 1%, the voltage is 150 V, and the time is 100-120 min.a-4: If the amplification product fragment is too large (>1000bp) and needs to be electrophoresed again and Marker II is used, the gel concentration is 0.8%, the voltage is 150V and the time is 150 minutes.b: Gluing as well as the electrophoresis process:PCR amplification products were electrophoresed using a 1% agarose gel.To prepare 1% agarose gel, 12×12 cm gel tray was used to make the gel, each gel was 80 ml.b-1: Weigh 0.8g of agarose, add 80ml of 0.5×TBE, weigh it on the balance and put it into the microwave oven, heat it on high for 2-3 minutes to make the agarose dissolve completely, shake it well, and observe it as a homogeneous and transparent solution without particles, then weigh it again on the balance and make up the appropriate amount of double-distilled water to keep the concentration of the gum unaffected.b-2: When the melted gel was cooled to about 55°C add 4 µl of ethidium bromide (10ug/ml) and gently swirl to mix well. The gel was made with an 18-tooth comb and the warm gel was poured into a 12 × 12 cm gel tray.b-3: Allow the gel to completely set (40 minutes at room temperature), carefully pull out the comb, remove the tray, and place it in the electrophoresis tank. Add 0.5× TBE buffer to the electrophoresis tank, not exceeding the gel surface by 1-2mm.b-4: Sample electrophoresis: add 12 samples to each gel (the topmost wells are not sampled), add 3-5µl PCR products to each well, and at the same time add three 5µl DNA MarkerⅠ to each gel. The voltage is 150V and the electrophoresis time is 100-120 minutes. This step is the key to the accuracy of the final readings of each point, and needs to be operated uniformly according to this standard.b-5: Some loci have amplification products greater than 1000bp in clinical strains, and these amplification products were then electrophoresed using 0.8% agarose gel, with DNA Marker II added as a control for the band size, voltage 150V, electrophoresis time 150 minutes.4) Results display:5) Analysis of results:a. If the genotypes of the three highly variable loci are also the same in different strains, they can be identified as clustered strains;b. If the high variant readings are highly similar, i.e., only 1-2 high variant sites are different, they need to be combined with epidemiologic data to identify if they are clustered strains;c. If all 3 high variant loci are genotypically discordant, identify as a single strain.Appendix 1: Rules for reading VNTR lociAppendix 2: VNTR locus repeat unit readout table... Read More |