| Description | The content of this cell is too long for an XLSX file (more than 32767 characters). Please use the CSV format for this export | D-Lactate, typically present in the bloodstream at nanomolar concentrations, is produced by an intestinal source or via the methylglyoxal pathway. In mammals, D-Lactate metabolism requires D-Lactate hydrogenase and is metabolized slowly, thus an increase in blood concentration levels can lead to D-Lactate, typically present in the bloodstream at nanomolar concentrations, is produced by an intestinal source or via the methylglyoxal pathway. In mammals, D-Lactate metabolism requires D-Lactate hydrogenase and is metabolized slowly, thus an increase in blood concentration levels can lead to acidemia and acidosis. The severity of this D-lactic acidosis can be associated with neurotoxic symptoms. Significant D-Lactate accumulations in the body can also be related to impaired metabolism and excretion.D-Lactate Colorimetric Assay kit has been used to determine the stereospecificity of lactate produced.Suitability: Suitable for use with samples of serum, plasma, cells, culture and fermentation media.Principle: In this assay, D-Lactate is specifically oxidized by D-Lactate hydrogenase and generates a proportional colorimetric product measured at 450 nm. The useful concentration range in samples is 0.1-10 mM D-Lactate... Read More | Product content: M665559Component50 TStorageM665559ABuffer GTT15 mLRTM665559BBuffer GL15 mLRTM665559CBuffer GW1（concentrate）13 mLRTM665559DBuffer GW2（concentrate）15 mLRTM665559EBuffer GE15 mLRTM665559FProteinase K1.25 mLRTM665559GSpin CoLumns DM with CoLLection Tubes50 Product content: M665559Component50 TStorageM665559ABuffer GTT15 mLRTM665559BBuffer GL15 mLRTM665559CBuffer GW1（concentrate）13 mLRTM665559DBuffer GW2（concentrate）15 mLRTM665559EBuffer GE15 mLRTM665559FProteinase K1.25 mLRTM665559GSpin CoLumns DM with CoLLection Tubes50 EART Product Introduction:This reagent kit is suitable for extracting high-purity total DNA from fresh or frozen mouse or rat tails. The method provided by this reagent kit is simple and feasible, and the purification process does not require phenol or chloroform extraction. It can obtain DNA fragments up to 50 kb, and can also effectively recover fragments of 100 bp. This reagent kit uses a unique lysis solution to effectively lyse mouse tail samples. The optimized buffer system efficiently binds the DNA generated after the lysis of mouse tail to the silica matrix adsorption column, while other pollutants can flow through the membrane; Inhibitors of PCR and other enzymatic reactions can be effectively removed through a two-step washing process, followed by washing with low salt buffer or water to obtain high-purity DNA. The purified DNA can be directly used for downstream experiments such as enzyme digestion, PCR, ReaL Time PCR, library construction, Southern BLot, and molecular labeling.Self prepared reagent: anhydrous ethanol.Preparation and important precautions before the experiment:1. Samples should avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, otherwise it may result in smaller extracted DNA fragments and a decrease in extraction volume.2.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to BufferGW1 and BufferGW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.3. Before use, please check if there is any crystallization or precipitation in the Buffer GL. If there is any crystallization or precipitation, please dissolve the Buffer GL again in a 56 ℃ water bath.Operation steps:1. Take a tail of a rat or two mice with a length of 0.4-0.6 cm, grind it into fine powder in liquid nitrogen or cut it into pieces and place it in a centrifuge tube (provided by oneself). Join 180 µ L Buffer GTT, shake and mix well. Note: Ensure that the starting quantity of the organization does not exceed the recommended range.2. Add 20 µ L Protein K, vortex oscillation, thoroughly mix.3. Place in a 56 ℃ water bath until the tissue solution is completely clear. Generally, digestion is required for 6-8 hours. During the incubation process, vortex oscillation is required to evenly disperse the sample. Note: 1) If there is still gel like substance after incubation and vortex oscillation, digest overnight or add 20 more if necessary µ L Protein K digestion will not affect subsequent operations. 2) To remove RNA, add 4 after completing the above steps µ L 100 mg/mL RNase A solution, shake well and let stand at room temperature for 5-10 minutes.4.12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 1 minute to remove undigested tissues similar to mouse hair. Transfer the supernatant to a new centrifuge tube (provided by oneself).5. Add 200 µ L Buffer GL, vortex oscillation, thoroughly mixed. Join 200 µ L anhydrous ethanol, vortex and shake, thoroughly mix. Short centrifugation allows the solution on the tube wall to be collected to the bottom of the tube.Attention: 1) After adding Buffer GL and anhydrous ethanol, immediately vortex and shake to mix well.2) If multiple samples are operated together, Buffer GL and anhydrous ethanol can be mixed in equal proportions and added to the samples together.3) The addition of Buffer GL and anhydrous ethanol may produce white precipitates, which will not affect subsequent experiments.6. Add all the solutions obtained in step 5 to the adsorption column (Spin CoLumins DM) that has been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.7. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW1 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.8. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Note: To further improve DNA purity, repeat step 8.9.12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry. Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which will affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).10. Place the adsorption column in a new centrifuge tube (provided by oneself) and add 50-200 to the middle of the adsorption column in the air µ L Buffer GE or sterilized water, leave at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect DNA solution, and store DNA at -20 ℃.Note: 1) If downstream experiments are sensitive to pH or EDTA, they can be washed off with sterilized water. The pH value of the eluent has a significant impact on the elution efficiency. If water is used as the eluent, its pH value should be ensured to be between 7.0-8.5 (NaOH can be used to adjust the pH value of the water to this range). When the pH value is below 7.0, the elution efficiency is not high.2) Incubating at room temperature for 5 minutes before centrifugation can increase yield.3) Use an additional 50-200 µ Re washing with L Buffer GE or sterilized water can increase yield.4) If you want to increase the final concentration of DNA, you can add the DNA eluent obtained in step 10 back onto the adsorption membrane and repeat step 10; If the elution volume is less than 200 µ L. It is possible to increase the final concentration of DNA, but it may reduce the total yield. If the amount of DNA is less than 1 µ g. Recommended 50 µ L Buffer GE or off... Read More | Inquire | The fluorescent dye PKH67 is suitable for conventional cell membrane labeling. It is a green fluorescent dye that can track cells in vitro and in vivo. It labels cells by binding to the lipid components of the membrane structure. PKH67 has low cytotoxicity, low fluorescence background, high fat The fluorescent dye PKH67 is suitable for conventional cell membrane labeling. It is a green fluorescent dye that can track cells in vitro and in vivo. It labels cells by binding to the lipid components of the membrane structure. PKH67 has low cytotoxicity, low fluorescence background, high fat solubility, can easily penetrate cell membranes, and has strong and stable green fluorescence. PKH67-labeled cells can be used for in vitro and in vivo proliferation studies, and have the function of not staining neighboring cells. In the process of cell division and proliferation, the fluorescence intensity of PKH67 will gradually decrease as the cells divide. The labeled fluorescence can be evenly distributed to the two sub-generation cells, so its fluorescence intensity is half that of the parent cell. According to this feature, It can be used to detect cell proliferation, cell cycle estimation and cell division, etc. The fluorescence of PKH67-labeled cells is very uniform, and the fluorescence distribution of sub-generation cells after division is also more uniform. In the process of cell division and proliferation, PKH67-labeled fluorescence can be evenly distributed between the two sub-generation cells, and the fluorescence intensity becomes half of that of the parent cell. According to the difference in fluorescence intensity, the undivided cells can be detected by flow cytometry. One time (1/2 the fluorescence intensity), the second time (1/4 the fluorescence intensity), three times (1/8 the fluorescence intensity), and more divisions of cells. PKH67 can detect splits up to six times or even more. In addition to the detection of cell proliferation, PKH67 can also be used for in vitro tracking of cells. After labeling, the fluorescence expression is stable in the cell, and the positive labeling rate is over 98%. The labeled cells have good morphology, which can effectively observe the cells in vitro. Induce differentiation; or inject labeled cells into the body, it can effectively show the migration and differentiation of transplanted cells in living tissues. PKH67-labeled cells can be used for in vivo observation for as long as several weeks. It is often used for in vivo cell detection experiments and experiments to observe long-term cell activity using fluorescence electron microscope. PKH67 is less toxic and does not affect cell proliferation. This method is simple to operate, does not use radioactive isotopes, and poses no safety hazards. You can get the desired experimental data faster, more accurately and more safely.Due to the longer length of the charcoal tail, internal studies have shown that PKH67 is less transferred between cells than PKH2. In in vivo studies using PKH1 and PKH2, the fluorescence intensity will slowly lose. Since this is a behavioral characteristic of green cell linker dye rather than red cell linker dye, PKH67 will have similar properties. The correlation between the in vitro cell membrane retention of non-dividing cells and the in vivo fluorescence half-life reveals that the in vivo fluorescence half-life of PKH67 is 10-12 days. Other green cell linker dyes with similar half-lives have been used to monitor the transport of lymphocytes and macrophages in the body within one to two months. The results indicate that PKH67 can also be used for medium-term in vivo tracking studies.The dye can stably bind to the lipid region of the cell membrane and emit fluorescence, and is mainly used for cell labeling in vitro, cell proliferation research in vitro, and cell tracing research in vivo and in vitro. The fluorescence half-life of PKH67 in vivo is 10-12 days. Compared with PKH-67, PKH-26 has a longer half-life, and the half-life of PKH26 labeled on rabbit red blood cells is more than 100 days. Especially suitable for in vitro proliferation research and long-term in vivo cell tracking research. After PKH67 labels the cells, flow cytometry is usually used for cell proliferation detection.Kit components0.1ml kits: P266290A-0.1ml P266290B-10ml1ml kits: P266290A-1ml P266290B-60mlDyes with A suffix and diluents with B suffix are used togetherPKH67 labeled cells show green fluorescence, the fluorescence wavelength: λex=490 nm, λem=502 nm.Storage conditions: -20℃ protected from light, valid for 1 yearPrecautions●Staining concentration varies according to the type of cell and the number of cells in each well.● The prepared PKH67 mother liquor is very easy to dissolve. It is recommended to store in aliquots and freeze-dry at ≦-20℃.● PKH67 working solution should be prepared for immediate use, and cannot be prepared in advance, because PKH67 will decompose due to the absorption of water and affect the dyeing effect.● PKH67 is easily decomposed and will deteriorate quickly in the water solution. Please avoid contact with water during use of mother liquor. The working fluid is in contact with the water during the process of labeling the cells within the permitted time range.● PKH67 fluorescent dye is a DMSO solution. It will solidify and stick to the bottom, wall or cap of the tube at a lower temperature such as 4℃ and ice bath. After being taken out of the refrigerator, it will return to room temperature and become After the liquid is in the state, remove the cap from the bottom of the tube. It can be used after it has completely melted in a 37°C water bath.● The number of generations or time that can be traced after different cell types are marked is quite different. Please make a test based on the actual situation or reference documents.Instructions1. Staining solution preparation:(1) Take out the PKH67 reagent from the refrigerator, let it stand for a few minutes to room temperature, or after a 37°C water bath, leave the tube containing PKH67, and be sure to leave the tube for a few minutes before opening the lid to allow the reagent to fully fall into the tube The lid can only be opened after the bottom.(2) According to the number of cell samples to be tested, dilute the probe 10 times with the diluent, and then use a suitable solution (such as non-clear medium, HBSS or PBS) to dilute the PKH67 mother liquor 25 times to prepare a stain Work fluid. The best working solution concentration should be adjusted according to different cells and your own experimental system. Generally, the cells can be diluted 250 times according to the final concentration of the mother liquor in the kit. Some cells may need to increase the concentration appropriately.2. Cell staining(1) Resuspend the prepared cells to be tested in 100µl of staining solution to a cell concentration of about 107/ml. You can also perform in-situ staining, as long as the staining solution is enough to cover the cells.(2) Culture the cells at 2～8℃ for 15～30 minutes. The best culture time is different for different cells.It is recommended to incubate the labeled cells in the staining solution at 37°C for 5 minutes, and then at 4°C for 15 minutes.Low-temperature incubation can reduce the endocytosis of the dye by the cells, help the dye to label the plasma membrane, and reduce the possibility of the dye localizing to cytoplasmic vesicles.(3) After separation, remove the supernatant, collect the cells, wash the cells 1-2 times with PBS or non-clear medium, and finally add PBS or non-clear medium to resuspend the cells.(4) Take 500µl of cell suspension and test with flow cytometer. Ex/Em=490/502nm.(5) Subsequently, the cells can be cultured according to the normal culture method.(6) The labeling effect can be directly observed under a fluorescence microscope, or the cell proliferation can be detected by a flow cytometer after an appropriate period of culture, or used for cell fluorescence traces for other specific experimental purposes... Read More |