| Description | The hydroxyl radical (·OH) is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (OH⁻) and possesses strong oxidizing capacity. Hydroxyl radicals act on biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids within the body, damaging cellular structure and function, which can lead to The hydroxyl radical (·OH) is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (OH⁻) and possesses strong oxidizing capacity. Hydroxyl radicals act on biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids within the body, damaging cellular structure and function, which can lead to metabolic disorders and disease. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity is a key indicator of antioxidant ability and is widely used in research on antioxidant health products and pharmaceuticals.Detection Principle: H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ generates hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. Salicylic acid effectively captures these generated hydroxyl radicals and reacts with them to produce a purple compound, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid. When a substance capable of scavenging hydroxyl radicals is added, it inhibits the formation of this purple product. Therefore, a darker color indicates a higher hydroxyl radical content, and vice versa. The change in absorbance at 520 nm is measured to calculate the sample's hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity.Applicable Samples: Animal and plant tissues, serum (plasma), cells, bacteria, cell culture supernatants, fruit juice, honey, urine, and other samples.P1501782Component48 T96 TStorageP1501782AFerrous Salt10 mL20 mL2-8℃. Store in the dark.P1501782BH₂O₂5 mL10 mL2-8℃. Store in the dark.P1501782CSalicylic Acid10 mL20 mL2-8℃. Store in the dark.Please check the quantities of all components before starting the experiment.An additional 10% of each component is provided beyond the specified volumes for standard curve preparation or preliminary experiments.User-Prepared Instruments and ReagentsTypeNameNotesInstrumentMicroplate ReaderCapable of measuring absorbance at 520 nm.Consumables96-well MicroplateStandard microplate.ReagentsPBS (pH7.4)For washing samples.OthersHomogenizer (for tissue samples), Incubator, Ice Box, Refrigerated Centrifuge, Adjustable Micropipettes and TipsUsing a multi-channel pipette can improve efficiency for large-scale assays.Experimental Procedure1. Reagent PreparationReagent NameReagent PreparationNotesFerrous SaltReady-to-use; Equilibrate to room temperature before use.Store at 4°C protected from light. Corrosive. Use appropriate personal protective equipment.H₂O₂Ready-to-use; Equilibrate to room temperature before use.Store at 4°C protected from light.Salicylic AcidReady-to-use; Equilibrate to room temperature before use.Store at 4°C protected from light. Irritating to skin and mucous membranes. Use appropriate personal protective equipment.2. Sample PreparationNote: Fresh samples are recommended. If not used immediately, samples can be stored at -80°C for one month. To compare the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of different samples, the dilution factor must be the same for the same batch of samples, and extracts or drugs should be prepared at the same concentration.2.1 Animal Tissue SamplesWeigh approximately 0.1 g of tissue, add 1 mL of deionized water, and homogenize in an ice bath. Centrifuge at 10,000 g, 4°C for 10 minutes. Collect the supernatant and keep it on ice for assay.2.2 Plant Tissue SamplesWeigh approximately 0.1 g of tissue, add 1 mL of deionized water and grind. Sonicate in an ice bath for 5 minutes (power 20% or 200W, pulse 3s on, 7s off, repeat 30 times). Centrifuge at 10,000 g, 4°C for 10 minutes. Collect the supernatant and keep it on ice for assay.2.3 Cells or BacteriaCollect 5×10⁶ cells or bacteria into a centrifuge tube. Wash with pre-cooled PBS, centrifuge, and discard the supernatant. Add 1 mL of deionized water. Sonicate in an ice bath for 5 minutes (power 20% or 200W, pulse 3s on, 7s off, repeat 30 times). Centrifuge at 10,000 g, 4°C for 10 minutes. Collect the supernatant and keep it on ice for assay.2.4 Serum (Plasma) and Other Protein-Rich or Turbid LiquidsTake 0.1 mL of sample, add 1 mL of deionized water and mix well. Centrifuge at 10,000 g, 4°C for 10 minutes. Collect the supernatant and keep it on ice for assay.2.5 Honey, Urine, and Other Clear Liquids with Low Protein ContentAssay directly.2.6 Extracts or DrugsCan be prepared to a specific concentration, e.g., 0.5 mg/mL.3. Assay Steps3.1 Microplate Reader Preparation: Preheat for at least 30 minutes. Set the wavelength to 520 nm.3.2 Assay System Setup: Perform the following operations in a 96-well plate. The Blank and Standard wells only need to be set up 1-2 times. Each test well requires a corresponding control well.ReagentBlank Well (µL)Standard Well (µL)Test Well (µL)Control Well (µL)Ferrous Salt40404040H₂O₂040400Deionized Water120804080Salicylic Acid40404040Sample0040403.3 Absorbance Measurement: Mix well, incubate at 37°C for 20 minutes. Read the absorbance at 520 nm, recorded as A blank, A standard, A test, and A control respectively.4. Calculation of ResultsBoth the derived formula and the simplified formula provided below are equivalent.4.1 Data ProcessingCalculate ΔA test = A test - A control Calculate ΔA standard = A standard - A blank 4.2 Calculation of Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging RateHydroxyl Radical Scavenging Rate D% = (ΔA standard - ΔA test ) / ΔA standard × 100%5. Representative ResultsExample: 0.1 g of nectarine pulp was taken and assayed according to the procedure using a 96-well plate.Measured: ΔA standard = A standard - A blank = 1.020 - 0.051 = 0.969ΔA test = A test - A control = 0.465 - 0.052 = 0.413Calculated Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Rate D% = (0.969 - 0.413) / 0.969 × 100% = 57.38%Precautions1. Before formal testing, it is recommended to perform a preliminary test with 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences.2. For tissue samples, cell samples, etc., results can be normalized between samples by measuring protein concentration. Aladdin's BCA Protein Quantification Kit (B665595) or Ready-to-Use BCA Protein Quantification Kit (R1491648) is recommended.3. This kit is compatible with spectrophotometer detection. Adjust the reagent preparation volumes proportionally according to the spectrophotometer's requirements.4. Biochemical reagents are generally irritating and potentially biologically toxic. For your safety and health, implement appropriate biosafety precautions throughout the experiment, including wearing lab coats, masks, gloves, and head covers. Perform experiments in a fume hood or biosafety cabinet.5. This product is for research use only. Not for use in clinical diagnosis.Frequently Asked QuestionsQ: What should I do if the measured ΔA test for the sample is too high or too low?A: If ΔA test < 0.02, appropriately increase the sample volume and re-run the assay. If ΔA test > ΔA standard, further dilute the sample with deionized water or reduce the amount of sample used for extraction, and re-run the assay... Read More | DescriptionRefer to the product′s Certificate of Analysis for more information on a suitable instrument technique. Contact Technical Service for further support | Product content N665859Component50 TStorageN665859ABuffer DS30 mLRTN665859BBuffer GTL15 mLRTN665859CBuffer GL15 mLRTN665859DBuffer GW1 (concentrate)13 mLRTN665859EBuffer GW2 (concentrate)15 mLRTN665859FBuffer TE10 mLRTN665859GProteinase K2×1.25 mLRTN665859HRNase A (100 mg/mL)0.4 Product content N665859Component50 TStorageN665859ABuffer DS30 mLRTN665859BBuffer GTL15 mLRTN665859CBuffer GL15 mLRTN665859DBuffer GW1 (concentrate)13 mLRTN665859EBuffer GW2 (concentrate)15 mLRTN665859FBuffer TE10 mLRTN665859GProteinase K2×1.25 mLRTN665859HRNase A (100 mg/mL)0.4 mLRTN665859ISpin Columns DF With Collection Tubes50 EA2-8℃N665859JCentrifuge Tubes (L-1.5 mL)50 EART Product IntroductionThis kit is suitable for the effective purification of genomic DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.The product uses specially optimized dewaxing agent and lysis solution to release DNA from formalin-fixed or tissue sectioned samples, which does not involve the organic reagent xylene and does not need to be operated overnight; the digested samples are incubated at higher temperatures to remove formalin cross-linking of the free DNA, which can effectively improve the yield and purity of DNA; the optimized buffer system allows the inhibitors in the lysis solution to be specifically bound to the adsorbent membrane, which can be effectively removed by a two-step rinsing step. The optimized buffer system enables the DNA in the lysate to specifically bind to the adsorbent membrane, and the inhibitor is effectively removed by a two-step rinsing step, and finally eluted with low-salt buffer or water to obtain high-purity DNA.Meanwhile, configured with a high-efficiency microsorbent column, the elution volume can be as low as 20 µL.The purified DNA can be directly used for PCR, Real-time PCR, SNP Genotyping, STR genotyping, second-generation sequencing and pharmacogenomics research.The molecular weight of DNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples is usually lower than that of DNA from fresh or frozen samples.The degree of DNA fragmentation depends on the type of sample, the duration of storage, and the conditions of fixation.Self-contained reagent: anhydrous ethanolPre-experiment Preparation and Important Notes1. After obtaining the sample, fix the sample in 4%-10% formalin as soon as possible, the fixation time should be 14-24 hours, too long a period of time will easily lead to genome breakage, affecting the downstream experiments. If the formaldehyde fixation time is too long or the sample has been stored for too long (> 1 year), it will easily lead to DNA integrity damage and unable to amplify long fragments.2. Ensure that the sample is thoroughly dehydrated before embedding; residual formalin will inhibit Proteinase K.3. Anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer GW1 and Buffer GW2 according to the instructions on the label of the reagent bottle before first use.4. Before use, please check Buffer GTL, Buffer GL and Buffer DS for any crystallization or precipitation. If there is any crystallization or precipitation, please re-dissolve Buffer GTL, Buffer GL and Buffer DS at 56℃ in a water bath.5. Preheat the water bath or thermostatic mixer to 56°C and keep the centrifuge at 25°C before starting the experiment.6. If downstream experiments are needed to reduce the low frequency of C>T:G>A transitions (artificial mutations) that occur to minimize the risk of false positives, 7 µL of UNG (1 U/uL) can be added after 1 hour of incubation at 90°C.Operation steps1. Sample processing:1a. Paraffin-embedded samples: Trim off excess paraffin from the tissue block with a scalpel to expose the tissue and then cut into 5-10µm slices. Take about 1×1cm2 slices (about 4-5 slices in total) and place them in a centrifuge tube (provided), add 160µL Buffer DS, vortex and shake for 10 seconds, then add 180µL Buffer GTL and 20µL Proteinase K, vortex and shake for 10 seconds. centrifuge the samples at 12,000rpm for 1 minute at 25℃.Note: 1) If the surface of the sample has been exposed to air, discard the 2-3 pieces that have been exposed to air and do not use them.2) DS will solidify below 18°C, and if it does it does not affect the following experiments.1b. Sample in formalin and other fixative: take about 20mg of sample, cut it into small pieces, place it in a centrifuge tube, add 500µL of 10mM PBS (PH7.4), vortex shaking, centrifuge at 12,000rpm for 1minute, discard the supernatant, and repeat 3 times. Add 180 µL Buffer GTL, 20 µL Proteinase K, vortex shaking to mix.2.56°C for 1 hour until the sample is completely dissolved. incubate at 90°C for 1 hour. centrifuge at 12,000 rpm, 25°C for 1 minute, and carefully pipette the lower aqueous phase (~180 µL) along the wall of the tube into a new centrifuge tube, trying to avoid aspirating the bottom precipitate and the upper layer of the wax solution.Note: 1) Samples can be left at room temperature after incubation at 56°C until the temperature of the water or dry bath reaches 90°C before placing the samples at 90°CIncubation.2) Optional step: add 7µL UNG (1U/µL), 50°C, 5min, no shaking. The purpose of this step is to minimize the risk of false positives by reducing the low-frequency occurrence of C>T:G>A transitions (artificial mutations) while effectively retaining the true occurrence of mutations.3. Optional step: If you need to remove RNA, you can lower the temperature of the sample to room temperature, then add 2µL of RNase A solution at a concentration of 100mg/mL, shake and mix well, and leave it at room temperature for 2 minutes.4. Add 20µL Proteinase K and incubate at 65℃, 450rpm for 15min.5. Add 200 µL of Buffer GL, mix well by vortexing and shaking, then add 200 µL of anhydrous ethanol and mix thoroughly by vortexing and shaking. Centrifuge briefly so that the solution on the wall of the tube collects at the bottom of the tube.Note: 1) Mix well immediately after adding Buffer GL and anhydrous ethanol.2) The addition of Buffer GL and anhydrous ethanol may produce a white precipitate that will not affect subsequent experiments.3) If more than one sample needs to be manipulated, the Buffer GL and anhydrous ethanol can be pre-mixed and spiked.6. Add all the solution obtained in step 5 to the adsorption columns (Spin Columns DF) that have been loaded into the collection tube, centrifuge at 25℃, 12000rpm for 2 minutes, pour out the waste liquid in the collection tube, and put the adsorption columns back into the collection tube.7. Add 500µL of Buffer GW1 to the adsorption column (check that anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12,000rpm for 1 minute, pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube, and put the adsorption column back into the collection tube.8. Add 500µL of Buffer GW2 to the adsorption column (check that anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000rpm for 1 minute, pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube, and put the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Note: Step 8 can be repeated if further DNA purity is required.9.12 Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 2 minutes and pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube. Leave the adsorption column at room temperature for several minutes to dry thoroughly.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column; ethanol residue can interfere with subsequent enzymatic reactions.10. Place the adsorption column in a new 1.5 mL collection tube, add 20-100 µL of Buffer TE or sterilized water to the middle of the adsorption column overhanging the column, let it stand at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge it at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, and collect the DNA solution.-20°C to preserve DNA.Note: 1) The pH value of the eluent has a great influence on the elution efficiency, if water is used as the eluent should ensure that its pH value is 7.0-8.5, the pH value is lower than 7.0 when the elution efficiency is not high.2) If the final concentration of DNA is to be increased, the DNA eluate obtained in step 10 can be re-spiked onto the adsorbent membrane and left at room temperature for 2 minutes and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute... Read More | The content of this cell is too long for an XLSX file (more than 32767 characters). Please use the CSV format for this export | DescriptionMetathesis: Ruthenium-Based Metathesis CatalystsRuthenium metathesis catalysts kit I consists of 9 samples of Grubbs 1st and 2nd generation catalysts. These catalysts have applications in ring-closing and ring-opening metathesis, cross-metathesis, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (DescriptionMetathesis: Ruthenium-Based Metathesis CatalystsRuthenium metathesis catalysts kit I consists of 9 samples of Grubbs 1st and 2nd generation catalysts. These catalysts have applications in ring-closing and ring-opening metathesis, cross-metathesis, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and enyne metathesis.Metathesis: Ruthenium-Based Metathesis Catalysts... Read More |