| Description | Glucose (Dextrose, Glu), chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆, molecular weight 180.16, is the most widely distributed and important monosaccharide in nature, belonging to polyhydroxy aldehydes. Enzymatic methods for determining glucose are commonly used in biochemical detection, with Glucose (Dextrose, Glu), chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆, molecular weight 180.16, is the most widely distributed and important monosaccharide in nature, belonging to polyhydroxy aldehydes. Enzymatic methods for determining glucose are commonly used in biochemical detection, with the most frequently used being the glucose oxidase method and the hexokinase method. The characteristics of these enzymatic methods are:High sensitivity, accuracy, and precision;Use mild reaction conditions;Specific for glucose, not interfered with by other sugars and reducing substances;Simple operation;Suitable for automatic analyzers.Detection Principle: Under the catalysis of glucose oxidase, glucose is oxidized to gluconic acid, simultaneously consuming oxygen in the solution. The generated hydrogen peroxide reacts with an oxidative chromogen to form a red quinone compound. The amount of hydrogen peroxide produced in the initial reaction is proportional to the glucose concentration. Colorimetric determination is performed using a spectrophotometer at 505 nm. This kit is specifically designed for the quantitative determination of glucose content in human or animal serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, cells, tissues, and other samples. It is not suitable for direct detection of glucose in urine.*Note: Glu Standard (5 mmol/L) = 90 mg/dL.*G1501761Component200TStorageG1501761APhenol Reagent80 mLRT. Store in the dark.G1501761BEnzyme Reagent80 mL-20℃. Store in the dark.G1501761CGlu Standard (5 mmol/L)1.5 mL2-8℃G1501761DddH₂O1.5 mLRTUser-Prepared Instruments and ReagentsNormal saline or PBSCentrifuge tubes, Homogenizer, Centrifuge, Water bath or incubator, Spectrophotometer, 1.0 mL CuvetteExperimental Procedure1. Reagent PreparationShortly before use, mix the Phenol Reagent and Enzyme Reagent in equal volumes to prepare the GOD-POD Working Solution. Store at 4°C.2. Sample Preparation2.1 Serum, Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid SamplesSerum or plasma separated from the test sample should not be hemolyzed. Detect directly. If the concentration exceeds the linear range (30 mmol/L), dilute with normal saline or PBS before assay.2.2 Cell Samples(1) Take an appropriate amount of cells (generally recommended >10⁶), centrifuge at 1000 g for 10 min, discard the supernatant, keep the pellet.(2) Wash 1-2 times with PBS or normal saline, centrifuge at 1000 g for 10 min, discard the supernatant, keep the pellet.(3) Add 200-300 µL of PBS or normal saline and homogenize. Ultrasonicate on ice (power 300 W, 3-5 s each time, 30 s interval, repeat 3-5 times). The prepared homogenate should not be centrifuged.*Alternatively, manually homogenize (prepared homogenate should not be centrifuged). Or lyse with 1-2% Triton X-100 on ice for 30-60 min (prepared lysate should not be centrifuged).*2.3 Tissue SamplesAccurately weigh an appropriate amount of tissue. Add normal saline or PBS at a ratio of 1:9 (mass (g) : volume (mL)). Homogenize manually or mechanically on ice. Centrifuge at 2500-3000 g for 10 min. Collect the supernatant.3. Assay SetupRefer to the table below to set up Blank, Standard, and Test tubes. Add solutions sequentially, mix well, and incubate at 37°C in a water bath or 45°C in an incubator for 15 minutes.Reagent (mL)Blank TubeStandard TubeTest TubeddH₂O0.008//Glu Standard (5 mmol/L)/0.008/Test Sample//0.008GOD-POD Working Solution0.80.80.8 4. Measurement After cooling, transfer to a 1.0 mL cuvette. Measure the absorbance at 505 nm. Zero the instrument with the Blank tube. Read the absorbances of the Standard tube and Test tube, recorded as A standard and A test, respectively. 5. Result Calculation Glu (mmol/L) = A test / A standard × 5 Glu (mg/L) = A test / A standard × 900 Reference Interval Healthy adults fasting glucose: 3.9 - 6.1 mmol/L (70 - 110 mg/dL) *Note: Glu Standard (5 mmol/L) = 90 mg/dL = 900 mg/L*Precautions1. The prepared GOD-POD Working Solution should be stored at 4°C protected from light and is valid for 1 week. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles for low-temperature reagents to prevent inactivation or decreased efficiency.2. Use serum or plasma anticoagulated with potassium oxalate-sodium fluoride (inhibits glucose decomposition) for testing. Cerebrospinal fluid can be detected directly. If test samples cannot be assayed immediately, store at 2-8°C; stable for 3 days.3. Urine glucose is often quantified using this method, but cannot be detected directly. First, perform a semi-quantitative test on the urine sample using Benedict's method. Based on the approximate content, dilute the urine with distilled water so that the glucose content is below 3 mg/mL before detection. Multiply the result by the dilution factor. This is because untreated urine contains high concentrations of reducing substances like uric acid, which affect the peroxidase reaction and may cause falsely low results.4. Low-concentration samples will also turn red over time. Therefore, detection should be performed promptly after 15 minutes; the time should not be too long.5. Without zeroing the microplate reader, the typical reference range for the blank is 0.04-0.09, and for the 5 mmol/L standard is 0.25-0.45. Reference ranges may vary due to differences in instruments and operating methods.6. The lower detection limit of this kit is 0.1 mmol/L, and the upper limit is 30 mmol/L. Visual observation: concentration ≤ 0.6 mmol/L is almost colorless; concentration ≥ 0.7 mmol/L shows light red; concentration ≥ 2.5 mmol/L shows red. Generally, results are more accurate near the upper limit than near the lower limit.7. The linear range of this method can reach 30 mmol/L. If the sample glucose concentration is too high, the result may be falsely low. Dilute with normal saline or PBS and re-assay, multiplying the result by the dilution factor.8. Use reagents promptly after opening to avoid affecting subsequent experimental results.9. For your safety and health, please wear lab coats and disposable gloves during operation.10. This kit is for scientific research use only and is not intended for clinical diagnosis or other purposes... Read More | When apoptosis occurs, some DNA endonucleases will be activated. These endonucleases will cut off genomic DNA between nucleosomes and produce 180 bp-200 BP DNA fragments, which appear as a specific ladder pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis. When double strand or single strand breaks occur in When apoptosis occurs, some DNA endonucleases will be activated. These endonucleases will cut off genomic DNA between nucleosomes and produce 180 bp-200 BP DNA fragments, which appear as a specific ladder pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis. When double strand or single strand breaks occur in genomic DNA, a large number of sticky 3'-oh ends will be generated, which can interact with YF under the catalysis of deoxyribonucleotide terminal transferase (TDT) ®/ CY dUTP binding can directly detect apoptotic cells by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. This kind of method is called terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). Because normal or proliferating cells have almost no DNA breaks, there is no 3'-oh formation and they can rarely be stained. TUNEL method can stain intact single apoptotic nuclei or apoptotic bodies in situ, can accurately reflect the typical biochemical and morphological characteristics of apoptosis, and can detect a very small number of apoptotic cells, so it is widely used in the study of apoptosis. This kit has a wide range of applications and can be used to detect apoptosis in frozen or paraffin sections, as well as cultured adherent cells or suspended cells. It can selectively detect apoptotic cells, but not necrotic cells or cells with DNA strand breaks caused by irradiation and drug treatment. This kit detects cell apoptosis with a short time-consuming, one-step staining reaction and can be detected after washing.Composition: Composition 20T 50T A. aladdin®640 TUNEL Reaction Buffer 1 mL 2 ×1.25 mL B. TdT Enzyme 20 µL 50 µL C. Proteinase K (2 mg/mL) 40 µL 100 µL D. DNase I (2 U/µL) 5 µL 13 µL E. 10 ×DNase I Buffer 100 µL 260 µL Product parameters：642/662 nm； Instruction： Experimental materials (self provided)PBS buffer (1 x, pH~7.4). 0.2% Triton X -100 (PBS formulation). 0.1% Triton X -100 (PBS formulation, containing 5 mg/mLBSA)4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS)Immunohistochemical penDewaxing solvent (paraffin section sample)Related reagents for paraffin section processingAnti fluorescence quenching and sealing agent. ddH2Oexperimental design. A. Positive control:Prepare positive control slides using DNaseI treatment. DNaseI can digest single or double stranded DNA and expose the 3 '- OH end, artificially causing cell apoptosis. One experiment per time is sufficient. (To verify if there are any issues with the experimental operation and reagent kit)B. Negative control:Use TUNEL Reaction Buffer without TdT Enzyme and replace TdT Enzyme with ddH2O. (Mainly to exclude non-specific staining caused by cell apoptosis, operational processes, and other reasons; and to adjust the exposure intensity of the shooting.)C. Experimental processing group.The experimental group operated normally according to the instructions.D. Experimental control group.The experimental group operated normally according to the instructions.Experimental steps1. Sample preparation:(1) For adherent cells or cell smearsa. Clean once with PBS.Note: If you are concerned that the cells on the cell smear may not adhere firmly, you can dry the sample to make the cells adhere more firmly.b. Fixation: Add an appropriate amount of 4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS) and fix at 4 ℃ for 30 minutes. Clean twice with PBS.c. Translucency: Add an appropriate amount of 0.2% Triton X -100 (prepared with PBS) and let it penetrate at room temperature for 20 minutes. Clean twice with PBS.d. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(2) For suspended cells or cell suspensionsa. Collect cells (3-5 x 106 cells), centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, and wash twice with PBS.b. Fixation: Add an appropriate amount of 4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS) and resuspend the cells thoroughly. Fix at 4 ℃ for 30 minutes. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and clean twice with PBS.c. Translucency: Add an appropriate amount of 0.2% Triton X -100 (prepared with PBS) and let it penetrate at room temperature for 20 minutes. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and clean twice with PBS.d. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(3) Paraffin tissue sectioninga. Dewaxing and hydration: Place the sliced samples sequentially in xylene I (10 min) → xylene II (10 min) → 100% ethanol I (5 min) → 100% ethanol II (5 min) → 95% ethanol (5 min) → 90% ethanol (5 min) → 80% ethanol (5 min) → 70% ethanol (5 min) → ddH2O rinse for 5 min, rinse twice.Note: Xylene is toxic and volatile. Please perform this operation in a fume hood.b. Use filter paper to dry the liquid around the sliced sample, and circle the sample contour with an immunohistochemical pen for downstream transparency and labeling.Note: If it is found that the contour circle of immunohistochemistry strokes is damaged in subsequent experimental operations, it needs to be redrawn in a timely manner.c. Transparency: Dilute 2 mg/mL of ProteinaseK solution with PBS in a ratio of 1:100 to a final concentration of 20 µ g/mL. Add 100 µ L dropwise to each sample to cover all sample areas. Incubate at 20-37 ℃ for 20 minutes.Note: Protein K can penetrate the cell membrane and nuclear membrane, allowing subsequent staining reagents to fully enter the nucleus for reaction and improve labeling efficiency. An excessively long incubation time increases the risk of tissue slices falling off the carrier film during subsequent washing steps, while a too short incubation time may result in insufficient permeability treatment and affect labeling efficiency. To obtain better results, the concentration, incubation time, and temperature of Protein K need to be optimized according to different types of tissue samples.d. Wash the slices twice with PBS, each time for 5 minutes. Use filter paper to remove excess liquid, and place the processed sample in a wet box to keep it moist.Note: Protein K must be washed thoroughly in this step, otherwise it will seriously interfere with subsequent labeling reactions.e. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(4) Frozen tissue sectionsa. Fixation: Take out frozen sections and warm them back to room temperature. Add an appropriate amount of 4% paraformaldehyde (prepared with PBS) and fix at room temperature for 30 minutes. Wash twice with PBS for 10 minutes each time.Note: If you are concerned that formaldehyde cleaning may not be clean enough, it may affect the final dyeing effect. After formaldehyde fixation is completed, an appropriate amount of 2 mg/mL glycine can be added and washed for 10 minutes to neutralize the residual fixing solution, and then PBS cleaning can be carried out.b. Use filter paper to dry the liquid around the sliced sample, and circle the sample contour with an immunohistochemical pen for downstream transparency and labeling.Note: If it is found that the contour circle of immunohistochemistry strokes is damaged in subsequent experimental operations, it needs to be redrawn in a timely manner.c. Transparency: Dilute 2 mg/mL of ProteinaseK solution with PBS in a ratio of 1:100 to a final concentration of 20 µ g/mL. Add 100 µ L dropwise to each sample to cover all sample areas. Incubate at 20-37 ℃ for 20 minutes.Note: Protein K can penetrate the cell membrane and nuclear membrane, allowing subsequent staining reagents to fully enter the nucleus for reaction and improve labeling efficiency. An excessively long incubation time increases the risk of tissue slices falling off the carrier film during subsequent washing steps, while a too short incubation time may result in insufficient permeability treatment and affect labeling efficiency. To obtain better results, the concentration, incubation time, and temperature of Protein K need to be optimized according to different types of tissue samples.d. Wash the slices twice with PBS, each time for 5 minutes. Use filter paper to remove excess liquid, and place the processed sample in a wet box to keep it moist.Note: Protein K must be washed thoroughly in this step, otherwise it will seriously interfere with subsequent labeling reactions.e. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.(5) Positive treatment (only the positive control is subjected to this step, and other samples are directly subjected to the TUNEL reaction step)a. Dilute 10 x DNase I Buffer with ddH2O in a ratio of 1:10 to 1 x DNase I Buffer for later use.b. Drip 100 µ L of 1xDNase I Buffer onto the processed sample, covering all sample areas, and equilibrate at room temperature for 5 minutes.c. Dilute DNase I (2 U) with 1 x DNase I Buffer at a ratio of 1:100/ µ L) A working solution with a final concentration of 20 U/mL.d. Discard the buffer and add 100 µ Incubate DNase I working solution with a concentration of 20 U/mL at room temperature for 10 minutes.e. Discard DNase I working solution and clean twice with PBS.f. Step 2: TUNEL reaction.2. TUNEL reaction(1) Prepare TUNEL reaction solution (ready to use): / 1 sample 5 sample 10 sample TdT enzyme 1 µL 5 µL 10 µL YF®488/555/594/640 TUNEL Reaction Buffer 49 µL 245 µL 490 µL TUNEL Total volume of reaction solution 50 µL 250 µL 500 µL (2) For adherent cells, cell smears, or tissue sectionsa. Add 50 to each sample µ L TUNEL reaction solution, evenly cover the sample with the reaction solution. The appropriate time for dark incubation at 37 ℃ (recommended staining time for cells is 30 minutes to 1 hour, and tissue staining time is 2 hours).Note: 50 µ L TUNEL reaction solution is suitable for smear, slicing, or 96 well plates (other different well plates can adjust the volume of TUNEL reaction solution appropriately to cover cells). If the sample to be tested is a smear, slice, or in a 24 well plate, 12 well plate, or 6 well plate, anti evaporation film can be used, or self sealing bags or other appropriate materials can be used to cut circular plastic sheets slightly smaller than the holes. After adding TUNEL reaction solution dropwise, cover the sample to prevent the evaporation of TUNEL reaction solution and make the TUNEL reaction solution evenly cover the sample.b. Discard the TUNEL reaction solution, wash twice with PBS, and then wash three times with 0.1% Triton X -100 (PBS preparation, containing 5 mg/mL BSA) for 5 minutes each time. This way, free unreacted markers can be removed cleanly.c. (Optional) Add an appropriate concentration of 5 to each sample µ DAPI staining solution with a concentration of g/mL, incubated at room temperature in dark for 5 minutes. After staining, discard DAPI staining solution and wash twice with PBS for 5 minutes each time.d. (Optional) Slice sealing: Add 50 drops to each sample µ L anti fluorescence quenching sealing agent (anti fluorescence quenching sealing agent may not be suitable for certain dyes, it is recommended to conduct pre experimental testing for compatibility before the experiment), cover the cover glass, gently tap the cover glass with the blunt end of tweezers to remove bubbles and ensure complete sealing.e. Use filter paper to remove excess liquid and add 100 to the sample area µ Keep the sample moist with PBS and immediately observe under a fluorescence microscope.(3) For suspended cells or cell suspensionsa. Add 50 to each sample tube µ Gently resuspend cells in LTUNEL reaction solution and incubate at 37 ℃ in the dark for 30-1 hour. Gently resuspend cells with a micropipette every 15 minutes.b. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, discard TUNEL reaction solution, and wash twice with 0.1% Triton X -100 (PBS preparation, containing 5 mg/mLBSA) for 5 minutes each time. This way, free unreacted markers can be removed cleanly.c. Add 100 to each sample tube µ L concentration is 5 µ DAPI staining solution with a concentration of g/mL, incubated at room temperature in dark for 5 minutes.d. Join 400 µ L PBS resuspended cells and immediately detected with a flow cytometer or observed under a fluorescence microscope after smearing.Matters needing attention：1. please centrifuge the product to the bottom of the tube immediately before use, and then conduct subsequent experiments. 2. when the staining background is heavy or non-specific staining is obvious, the staining time can be appropriately reduced. 3. it is recommended to add negative control and positive control groups during the experiment. 4. please wear mask and gloves when using component A. if it contacts the skin, please wash it with plenty of water immediately. 5. fluorescent dyes have quenching problems. Please try to avoid light to slow down fluorescence quenching. 6. for your safety and health, please wear experimental clothes and disposable gloves.Scope of application：Late apoptosis detection, TUNEL Kit... Read More | Product Content R669990Component50 TStorageR669990ADNase I1000 U-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669990B10×Reaction Buffer1 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669990CBuffer RL35 mLRTR669990DBuffer RW135 mLRTR669990EBuffer RW2 (concentrate)11 mLRTR669990FRNase-Free Water10 Product Content R669990Component50 TStorageR669990ADNase I1000 U-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669990B10×Reaction Buffer1 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669990CBuffer RL35 mLRTR669990DBuffer RW135 mLRTR669990EBuffer RW2 (concentrate)11 mLRTR669990FRNase-Free Water10 mLRTR669990GSpin Columns RM with Collection Tubes50 setsRTR669990HRNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL)50 EART ProductsThis kit combines highly efficient guanidine isothiocyanate cleavage technology with silica matrix membrane purification for the efficient extraction of total RNA from animal cells and tissues, typically up to 30 mg of tissue or 1x107 cells as a starting sample. The kit also allows recovery of incompletely purified RNA, in vitro transcription and RNA from enzymatic reactions. high quality RNA with molecular weights greater than 200 bases can be extracted and purified using the kit with virtually no DNA residue. If RNA experiments that are very sensitive to trace DNA are to be performed, residual DNA can be removed by on-column digestion using RNase-free DNase. The extracted RNA can be used in downstream experiments such as RT-PCR, Nothern Blot and Dot Blot. Self-contained reagents: β-mercaptoethanol, anhydrous ethanol (freshly opened or for RNA extraction).Pre-experiment Preparation and Important Notes1. To prevent RNase contamination, attention should be paid to the following aspects:1) Use RNase-free plastics and tips to avoid cross-contamination.2) RNase-free water should be used to prepare the solution.(3) Operators wear disposable masks and gloves, and change gloves diligently during the experiment.2. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing of the extracted samples, otherwise it will affect the amount and quality of RNA extraction.3. Please add β-mercaptoethanol to Buffer RL before use, add 10µl of β-mercaptoethanol to 1ml of Buffer RL. Buffer RL with β-mercaptoethanol can be stored for 1 month at room temperature.4. Anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer RW2 before first use according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.5. Buffer RL may be heated at 56°C to dissolve if precipitation occurs and then left at room temperature.All centrifugation steps are performed at room temperature and all maneuvers are performed quickly.Procedure1. Sample handling1a Tissue: Grind tissue in liquid nitrogen. Add 600 µl Buffer RL for every 20-30 mg of tissue (check for addition of β-mercaptoethanol before use), and 350 µl Buffer RL for tissue samples of less than 20 mg. Sample volume is not to exceed one-tenth of the Buffer RL volume.1b Cells in monolayer culture: Lysed or processed into cell suspension directly in culture flask, centrifuged to obtain cell precipitate, discarded the supernatant, added 600µl Buffer RL for every 6-10 cm2 of culture area, 350µl Buffer RL for less than 6cm2, and blown several times repeatedly to make the cells lysed sufficiently.1c Cell suspension: centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (~13,400 × g) for 1 min and discard the supernatant to obtain the cell precipitate. Add 600 µl Buffer RL for every 5×106-1×107 cells, and 350 µl Buffer RL for less than 5×106 cells, and blow several times repeatedly to fully lysate.Note: 1) Try to get rid of the cell culture medium, which may inhibit cell lysis affecting RNA yield.2) Try to keep the cells well suspended and well lysed, otherwise RNA yield is affected.2. After the sample is fully lysed, leave it at room temperature for 5 minutes to allow complete separation of the protein-nucleic acid complex.3. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 2-5 min and remove the supernatant for the following operations.4. Add 1x volume (600µl or 350µl) of 70% ethanol (prepared without RNase water) to the solution obtained in step 3 and mix well.Note: The addition of ethanol may produce a precipitate that will not affect subsequent experiments.5. Add all of the solution obtained in the previous step to the Spin Columns RM in the collection tube. If you cannot add all of the solution to the column at once, transfer it in two passes, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, and discard the waste solution. Place the column back into the collection tube.Note: The maximum loading capacity of the adsorption column is 100µg, do not overload as this will affect the yield and purity of the RNA.6. Add 350 µl Buffer RW1 to the adsorbent column, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 min, discard the waste liquid and put the adsorbent column back into the collection tube.7. Preparation of DNase I mixture: Take 52 µl of RNase-Free Water, add 8 µl of 10×Reaction Buffer and 20 µl of DNase I (1 U/µl) to it, mix well, and prepare a final volume of 80 µl of reaction solution.8. Add 80µl of DNase I mixture directly to the adsorption column and incubate at 20-30°C for 15 minutes.9. Add 200 µl Buffer RW1 to the adsorbent column, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 min, discard the waste liquid and put the adsorbent column back into the collection tube.10. Add 500µl Buffer RW2 to the column (check that anhydrous ethanol is added before use), centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube, and put the column back into the collection tube.11. Repeat step 10.12. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 2 minutes and pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube. Leave the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly dry the anhydrous ethanol in the adsorption column.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which can interfere with subsequent enzymatic reactions (digestion, PCR, etc.).13. Transfer the adsorbent column into a new centrifuge tube, add 30-50 µl of RNase-Free Water to the middle of the adsorbent membrane, leave it at room temperature for 1 min, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 min, collect the RNA solution, and store the RNA at -70°C to prevent degradation.Note: 1) The volume of RNase-Free Wate should not be less than 30 µl, too small volume affects the recovery rate.2) If you want to increase the RNA yield, repeat step 13 with 30-50 µl of fresh RNase-Free Water.3) If the RNA concentration is to be increased, the resulting solution can be reintroduced into the adsorption column and step 13 repeated... Read More | The Succinic Acid (Succinate) assay kit is suitable for the specific assay of succinic acid in wine, cheese, eggs, sauce and other food products. Succinic acid (or succinate) is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the The Succinic Acid (Succinate) assay kit is suitable for the specific assay of succinic acid in wine, cheese, eggs, sauce and other food products. Succinic acid (or succinate) is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle. Succinic acid concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese).Product Description： Succinic acid is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle. Succinic acid concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese). The ripening process of apples can be followed by monitoring the falling levels of succinic acid. The occurrence of > 5 mg/kg of this acid in egg and egg products is indicative of microbial contamination. Apart from use as a flavouring agent in the food and beverage industries, succinic acid finds many other non-food applications, such as in the production of dyes, drugs, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals and coolants. Preparation Instructions：Suitable for succinate determination in food, beverage, agricultural products, and other biological samples.Note for Content：The number of manual tests per kit can be doubled if all volumes are halved. This can be readily accommodated using the MegaQuantTM Wave Spectrophotometer (D-MQWAVE).Browse all of our organic acid assay kits.Principle：The Succinate Assay Kit provides a simple, one step assay for measuring succinate. In this assay succinate is converted to pyruvate which reacts with specific reagents and dye to form a colored product. The color intensity at 570 nm or fluorescencAdvantages：Extended cofactors stability. Dissolved cofactors stable for > 1 year at 4oC.Very competitive price (cost per test)All reagents stable for > 2 years as suppliedVery rapid reaction (even at room temperature)Mega-Calc™ software tool is available from our website for hassle-free raw data processingStandard includedSuitable for manual, microplate and auto-analyser formats... Read More | Product contentS666146Component50 T200 TStorageS666146ABuffer GR25 mL120 mLRTS666146BBuffer GL25 mL120 mLRTS666146CBuffer GW1 (concentrate)13 mL52 mLRTS666146DBuffer GW2 (concentrate)15 mL75 mLRTS666146EBuffer GE15 mL60 mLRTS666146FProteinase K1.25 mL4×1.25 mLRTS666146GSpin Columns DS with Product contentS666146Component50 T200 TStorageS666146ABuffer GR25 mL120 mLRTS666146BBuffer GL25 mL120 mLRTS666146CBuffer GW1 (concentrate)13 mL52 mLRTS666146DBuffer GW2 (concentrate)15 mL75 mLRTS666146EBuffer GE15 mL60 mLRTS666146FProteinase K1.25 mL4×1.25 mLRTS666146GSpin Columns DS with Collection Tubes50 sets 200 setsRTS666146HCentrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL)50 EA200 EARTProductsThis kit provides a simple and rapid method for the isolation and purification of total DNA from buccal swab samples. The kit adopts a silica matrix membrane that can specifically bind DNA and a unique buffer system to adsorb DNA efficiently and specifically, and 0.5-3.5 µg of genomic DNA can be obtained from each swab, and the extracted DNA fragments are large, pure and of stable and reliable quality. It is suitable for enzyme digestion, PCR, library construction, Southern hybridization and other experiments.Self-contained reagent: anhydrous ethanol.Pre-experiment Preparation and Important Notes1. Anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer GW1 and Buffer GW2 according to the instructions on the label of the reagent bottle before first use.2. If precipitation is found in Buffer GL before use, dissolve Buffer GL in a 56°C water bath.3. All centrifugation steps can be performed at room temperature.4. Sampling: Use a buccal swab to wipe the inside of the mouth 6 times, dry for 2 hours and store. To ensure that the sample is not contaminated by food or drink, do not eat or drink for 30 minutes before sampling.Procedure1. The swab of the buccal swab was cut from the rod with scissors and placed in a 2mL centrifuge tube (supplied) and 400µL Buffer GR was added.Note: For genomic DNA without RNA contamination, add 4 µL of RNase A solution at a concentration of 100 mg/ml and shake to mix.2. Add 20 µL of Proteinase K and 400 µL of Buffer GL, immediately vortex and shake for 15 seconds and mix thoroughly.Note: Mix well immediately after adding Buffer GL; do not add Proteinase K directly to Buffer GL for use.3.56°C for 10 minutes and centrifuge briefly so that the solution on the walls of the tube collects at the bottom.4. Add 400 µL of anhydrous ethanol, vortex and shake to mix thoroughly, and centrifuge briefly so that the solution on the wall of the tube collects at the bottom of the tube.Note: The addition of anhydrous ethanol may produce a white precipitate that will not affect subsequent experiments.5. Add the solution and precipitate obtained in the previous step to the Spin Columns DS in two batches of up to 700 µL at a time into the collection tube. centrifuge the column at 12,000 rpm (∼13,400 × g) for 1 minute, pour off the waste liquid from the collection tube, and return the column to the collection tube.6. Add 500 µL of Buffer GW1 to the adsorbent column (check that anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube, and put the adsorbent column back into the collection tube.7. Add 500 µL of Buffer GW2 to the adsorption column (check that anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge the column at 12,000 rpm for 3 minutes, pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube, and put the column back into the collection tube.Note: Step 7 can be repeated if further DNA purity is required.8. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute and pour off the waste liquid in the collection tube. Leave the adsorption column at room temperature for several minutes to dry thoroughly.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which can interfere with subsequent enzymatic reactions (digestion, PCR, etc.).9. Place the adsorption column in a new 1.5 mL centrifuge tube, add 50 µL of Buffer GE or sterilized water to the middle of the adsorption column overhanging the column, let stand at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 1 minute, collect the DNA solution, and store at -20℃.Attention:(1) If the downstream experiment is sensitive to pH or EDTA, it can be eluted with sterilized water. The pH value of the eluent has a great influence on the elution efficiency. If the eluent is made of water, the pH value should be 7.0-8.5 (the pH value of water can be adjusted to this range by using NaOH), and the elution efficiency is not high when the pH value is lower than 7.0.2) For long-term storage, it is recommended to elute with Buffer GE and store at -20°C... Read More |