| Description | Glucose (Dextrose, Glu), chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆, molecular weight 180.16, is the most widely distributed and important monosaccharide in nature, belonging to polyhydroxy aldehydes. Enzymatic methods for determining glucose are commonly used in biochemical detection, with Glucose (Dextrose, Glu), chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆, molecular weight 180.16, is the most widely distributed and important monosaccharide in nature, belonging to polyhydroxy aldehydes. Enzymatic methods for determining glucose are commonly used in biochemical detection, with the most frequently used being the glucose oxidase method and the hexokinase method. The characteristics of these enzymatic methods are:High sensitivity, accuracy, and precision;Use mild reaction conditions;Specific for glucose, not interfered with by other sugars and reducing substances;Simple operation;Suitable for automatic analyzers.Detection Principle: Under the catalysis of glucose oxidase, glucose is oxidized to gluconic acid, simultaneously consuming oxygen in the solution. The generated hydrogen peroxide reacts with an oxidative chromogen to form a red quinone compound. The amount of hydrogen peroxide produced in the initial reaction is proportional to the glucose concentration. Colorimetric determination is performed using a spectrophotometer at 505 nm. This kit is specifically designed for the quantitative determination of glucose content in human or animal serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, cells, tissues, and other samples. It is not suitable for direct detection of glucose in urine.*Note: Glu Standard (5 mmol/L) = 90 mg/dL.*G1501761Component200TStorageG1501761APhenol Reagent80 mLRT. Store in the dark.G1501761BEnzyme Reagent80 mL-20℃. Store in the dark.G1501761CGlu Standard (5 mmol/L)1.5 mL2-8℃G1501761DddH₂O1.5 mLRTUser-Prepared Instruments and ReagentsNormal saline or PBSCentrifuge tubes, Homogenizer, Centrifuge, Water bath or incubator, Spectrophotometer, 1.0 mL CuvetteExperimental Procedure1. Reagent PreparationShortly before use, mix the Phenol Reagent and Enzyme Reagent in equal volumes to prepare the GOD-POD Working Solution. Store at 4°C.2. Sample Preparation2.1 Serum, Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid SamplesSerum or plasma separated from the test sample should not be hemolyzed. Detect directly. If the concentration exceeds the linear range (30 mmol/L), dilute with normal saline or PBS before assay.2.2 Cell Samples(1) Take an appropriate amount of cells (generally recommended >10⁶), centrifuge at 1000 g for 10 min, discard the supernatant, keep the pellet.(2) Wash 1-2 times with PBS or normal saline, centrifuge at 1000 g for 10 min, discard the supernatant, keep the pellet.(3) Add 200-300 µL of PBS or normal saline and homogenize. Ultrasonicate on ice (power 300 W, 3-5 s each time, 30 s interval, repeat 3-5 times). The prepared homogenate should not be centrifuged.*Alternatively, manually homogenize (prepared homogenate should not be centrifuged). Or lyse with 1-2% Triton X-100 on ice for 30-60 min (prepared lysate should not be centrifuged).*2.3 Tissue SamplesAccurately weigh an appropriate amount of tissue. Add normal saline or PBS at a ratio of 1:9 (mass (g) : volume (mL)). Homogenize manually or mechanically on ice. Centrifuge at 2500-3000 g for 10 min. Collect the supernatant.3. Assay SetupRefer to the table below to set up Blank, Standard, and Test tubes. Add solutions sequentially, mix well, and incubate at 37°C in a water bath or 45°C in an incubator for 15 minutes.Reagent (mL)Blank TubeStandard TubeTest TubeddH₂O0.008//Glu Standard (5 mmol/L)/0.008/Test Sample//0.008GOD-POD Working Solution0.80.80.8 4. Measurement After cooling, transfer to a 1.0 mL cuvette. Measure the absorbance at 505 nm. Zero the instrument with the Blank tube. Read the absorbances of the Standard tube and Test tube, recorded as A standard and A test, respectively. 5. Result Calculation Glu (mmol/L) = A test / A standard × 5 Glu (mg/L) = A test / A standard × 900 Reference Interval Healthy adults fasting glucose: 3.9 - 6.1 mmol/L (70 - 110 mg/dL) *Note: Glu Standard (5 mmol/L) = 90 mg/dL = 900 mg/L*Precautions1. The prepared GOD-POD Working Solution should be stored at 4°C protected from light and is valid for 1 week. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles for low-temperature reagents to prevent inactivation or decreased efficiency.2. Use serum or plasma anticoagulated with potassium oxalate-sodium fluoride (inhibits glucose decomposition) for testing. Cerebrospinal fluid can be detected directly. If test samples cannot be assayed immediately, store at 2-8°C; stable for 3 days.3. Urine glucose is often quantified using this method, but cannot be detected directly. First, perform a semi-quantitative test on the urine sample using Benedict's method. Based on the approximate content, dilute the urine with distilled water so that the glucose content is below 3 mg/mL before detection. Multiply the result by the dilution factor. This is because untreated urine contains high concentrations of reducing substances like uric acid, which affect the peroxidase reaction and may cause falsely low results.4. Low-concentration samples will also turn red over time. Therefore, detection should be performed promptly after 15 minutes; the time should not be too long.5. Without zeroing the microplate reader, the typical reference range for the blank is 0.04-0.09, and for the 5 mmol/L standard is 0.25-0.45. Reference ranges may vary due to differences in instruments and operating methods.6. The lower detection limit of this kit is 0.1 mmol/L, and the upper limit is 30 mmol/L. Visual observation: concentration ≤ 0.6 mmol/L is almost colorless; concentration ≥ 0.7 mmol/L shows light red; concentration ≥ 2.5 mmol/L shows red. Generally, results are more accurate near the upper limit than near the lower limit.7. The linear range of this method can reach 30 mmol/L. If the sample glucose concentration is too high, the result may be falsely low. Dilute with normal saline or PBS and re-assay, multiplying the result by the dilution factor.8. Use reagents promptly after opening to avoid affecting subsequent experimental results.9. For your safety and health, please wear lab coats and disposable gloves during operation.10. This kit is for scientific research use only and is not intended for clinical diagnosis or other purposes... Read More | DescriptionCobalt is a transition metal that serves as a trace dietary mineral for all multicellular organisms. Cobalt is an important cofactor for the Vitamin B12class of compounds where it occupies the center of the vitamin B12corrin ring. Cobalt can also be coordinated in the active site of the DescriptionCobalt is a transition metal that serves as a trace dietary mineral for all multicellular organisms. Cobalt is an important cofactor for the Vitamin B12class of compounds where it occupies the center of the vitamin B12corrin ring. Cobalt can also be coordinated in the active site of the non-corrin containing metalloenzyme methionine aminopeptidase.Suitability: Suitable for quantitating cobalt concentrations in a variety of samplesPrinciple: The Cobalt Assay kit provides a simple and direct procedure for measuring cobalt in a variety of samples. In this assay, cobalt reacts with 2-mercaptoethanol under basic conditions to form a complex with a strong absorbance at 475 nm. Interference from the metal ions Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+is <10% at this wavelength. This assay gives a linear range of 10-50 nmoles of cobalt.}Preparation instructionsSuitable for quantitating cobalt concentrations in a variety of samplesPrincipleThe Cobalt Assay kit provides a simple and direct procedure for measuring cobalt in a variety of samples. In this assay, cobalt reacts with 2-mercaptoethanol under basic conditions to form a complex with a strong absorbance at 475 nm. Interference... Read More | Product DescriptionOur Glycan Sequencing Kit includes the enzymes and buffer required to sequence ten N-linked oligosaccharides.ContentsNeuraminidase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens – 80 µlBeta-Galactosidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae – 60 µlN-Acetylglucosaminidase from Product DescriptionOur Glycan Sequencing Kit includes the enzymes and buffer required to sequence ten N-linked oligosaccharides.ContentsNeuraminidase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens – 80 µlBeta-Galactosidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae – 60 µlN-Acetylglucosaminidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae) – 40 µlAlpha-Mannosidase from Jack Bean – 20 µlCore Alpha-Mannosidase from X. manihotis) – 10 µl5X Reaction buffer – 400 µlAnalysisMany methods of analysis are available, including HPLC, gel electrophoresis, HPAEC, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. For more information on these methods, please contact us.StabilityThe Glycan Sequencing Kit is stable at least 12 months when stored properly. Several days exposure to ambient temperatures will not reduce activity.PurityAll Enzymes are tested for contaminating protease by incubating 10 µg of denatured BSA with 2 µl of enzyme at 37°C for 24 hours. SDS-PAGE analysis of the treated BSA shows no evidence of degradation.The production host strains for our recombinant enzymes have been extensively tested and do not produce any detectable glycosidases. Enzymes purified from native sources are tested for contaminating exoglycosidases The absence of exoglycosidase contaminants is confirmed by extended incubations with the corresponding pNP-glycosides... Read More | Product introduction：Used to isolate lymphocytes from human organsMatters needing attention：1. samples, reagents and experimental environment in the whole process shall be carried out at 20 ± 2 ℃. In order to obtain the best experimental results, it is best to carry out the Product introduction：Used to isolate lymphocytes from human organsMatters needing attention：1. samples, reagents and experimental environment in the whole process shall be carried out at 20 ± 2 ℃. In order to obtain the best experimental results, it is best to carry out the experiment within 2 h of sampling. The longer the sample is stored, the worse the cell separation effect is. The separation effect is even worse after the sample is placed for more than 6 h, or even cannot achieve the purpose of separation. 2. in this experiment, it is better not to use plastic products with high polymerization materials (such as polystyrene), but use non-static, low static ionization heart tubes and glass products without alkali treatment, because the electrostatic effect will lead to cell adhesion, and the surface of alkali treated glass will become rough, which will affect the effect of cell separation. 3. aspirating too many lymphocyte layers and separation liquid layers will cause the granulocytes at the junction of separation liquid to be aspirated, thus increasing the number of mixed granulocytes. 4. when the amount of separating solution is greater than that of tissue single cell suspension sample, the separation effect is better.Scope of application：Lymphocyte isolation... Read More | Product content R669871Component50 TStorageR669871ADNase I1000 U-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669871B10×Reaction Buffer1mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. R669871CBuffer DS30 mLRTR669871DBuffer GTL15 mLRTR669871EBuffer GL25 mLRTR669871FProteinase K12.5 mgRTR669871GProteinase K Product content R669871Component50 TStorageR669871ADNase I1000 U-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669871B10×Reaction Buffer1mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. R669871CBuffer DS30 mLRTR669871DBuffer GTL15 mLRTR669871EBuffer GL25 mLRTR669871FProteinase K12.5 mgRTR669871GProteinase K Storage Buffer1.25 mLRTR669871HBuffer RW140 mLRTR669871IBuffer RW2 (concentrate)11 mLRTR669871JRNase-Free Water10 mLRTR669871KSpin Columns RS with Collection Tubes50 setsRTR669871LRNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL)50 EART Product IntroductionThis kit is suitable for effectively purifying total RNA from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. Suitable for extracting total RNA with improved purity from paraffin embedded tissues or sections less than 30mg. This kit does not require the use of phenol/chloroform extraction or isopropanol precipitation, and can complete the extraction of multiple samples within one hour. This product uses specially optimized lysis solution and protease K to release RNA from formalin fixed or tissue slice samples without overnight operation; After digestion, the sample is incubated at a higher temperature to remove the inhibitory effect caused by formalin cross-linking, effectively releasing RNA from tissue slices and avoiding endangering RNA integrity; The optimized buffer system allows RNA in the lysis solution to specifically bind to the silica gel adsorption membrane, while other pollutants can flow through the membrane; It can be effectively removed through rinsing steps, and the washed RNA can be directly used for experiments such as RT-PCR, Real Time PCR, and Western blot analysis.Self prepared reagents: anhydrous ethanol (newly opened or dedicated for RNA extraction), 10mM PBS (pH 7.4).Preparation and important precautions before the experiment1. Add 0.625ml Protein K Storage Buffer to Protein K to dissolve it and store at -20 ℃. The prepared Protein K should not be left at room temperature for a long time to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which may affect its activity.2. To prevent RNase pollution, attention should be paid to the following aspects:1) Use RNase free plastic products and gun heads to avoid cross contamination.2) Glassware should be dry baked at a high temperature of 180 ℃ for 4 hours before use, while plastic containers can be soaked in 0.5M NaOH for 10 minutes, thoroughly rinsed with water, and then sterilized under high pressure.3) Prepare the solution using water without RNase.4) Operators should wear disposable masks and gloves, and change gloves frequently during the experiment.3. After obtaining the sample, it should be fixed in 4% -10% formalin as soon as possible, with a suitable fixation time of 14-24 hours. Excessive time can lead to RNA breakage and affect downstream experiments.4. Ensure that the sample before embedding is thoroughly dehydrated, as residual formalin will inhibit the action of Protein K.5. Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer RW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.Before use, please check if there is any crystallization or precipitation in Buffer GTL, Buffer GL, and Buffer DS. If there is any crystallization or precipitation, please dissolve Buffer GTL, Buffer GL, and Buffer DS again in a 56 ℃ water bath.Operation steps1. Sample processing1a. Paraffin embedded sample: Use a surgical knife to trim off excess paraffin from the tissue block, expose the tissue, and cut into 5-10 µ m thin slices.Attention: If the surface of the sample has already been exposed to air, please discard 2-3 pieces that come into contact with the air and do not use them.1b. Samples in fixed solutions such as formalin: Take approximately 20mg of the sample, cut it into small pieces, place it in a centrifuge tube, and add 500 µ 10mM PBS (PH7.4), vortex oscillation, centrifugation at 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 1 minute, discard the supernatant, repeat 3 times, and proceed directly to step 3.2. Choose option A or option B to remove paraffinOption AA1. Take approximately 1 × 1cm2 of slices (4-5 slices in total) and place them in a centrifuge tube (prepared by oneself), then add 500 slices µ L Buffer DS, vortex oscillation for 10 seconds. Incubate at 56 ° C for 3 minutes.Centrifuge at A2.12000 rpm for 2 minutes, be careful to discard the supernatant and avoid attracting sediment.Option BB1. Take approximately 4-5 slices of approximately 1 × 1 cm2 and place them in a centrifuge tube (self prepared). Add 1ml of xylene, cover the tube tightly, and vortex for 10 seconds.B2.Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes, be careful to remove the supernatant and avoid removing sediment.B3. Add 1ml of anhydrous ethanol, vortex and shake well. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes, discard the supernatant, and be careful not to absorb or discard the sediment.B4. Open the tube cover and incubate at room temperature or up to 37 ° C for 10 minutes until there is no ethanol residue.3. Add 150µ L Buffer GTL, resuspended precipitation; Join 10µl Protein K, vortex oscillation mixing.4.Incubate at 56 ℃ for 15 minutes until the sample is completely dissolved. Incubate at 80 ℃ for 15 minutes. Short centrifugation allows the solution on the tube wall to be collected to the bottom of the tube.Note: 1) The purpose of this step is to repair nucleic acids denatured by formaldehyde. Incubating at a high temperature or for too long may cause RNA breakage, resulting in RNA fragments.2) The sample incubated at 56 ℃ can be placed at room temperature until the temperature of the water or dry bath reaches 80 ℃, and then the sample can be incubated at 80 ℃.5. Place on ice for 3 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 15 minutes, transfer the supernatant to a new centrifuge tube, be careful not to suck sediment.6. Add 320 to the supernatant µ L Buffer GL, vortex oscillation thoroughly mixed.7. Join 720 µ Mix anhydrous ethanol thoroughly with vortex oscillation.Attention: After adding anhydrous ethanol, there may be a small amount of precipitate precipitation, but it does not affect subsequent operations.8. Add all the solutions obtained in step 7 to the spin columns RS that have been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Optional steps: If genomic DNA needs to be removed, the following steps can be followeda. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.b. Preparation of DNase I mixture: Take 52 µ Add 8 RNase Free Water to it µ 10 x Reaction Buffer and 20 µ DNase I (1U/ µ l) Mix well and prepare to a final volume of 80 µ The reaction solution of L.c. Add 80 µ l of DNase I mixture directly to the adsorption column and incubate at 20-30 ℃ for 15 minutes.d. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.9. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ Buffer RW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.10. Repeat step 9.Centrifuge at 11.12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which will affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).12. Place the adsorption column in a new RNase free centrifuge tube, and add 20-50µl to the middle of the adsorption column in the air Place RNase Free Water at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect RNA solution, and store RNA at -20 ℃.Note: 1) The volume of RNase Free Water should not be less than 20 µ l. Small volume affects the recovery rate. 2) If you want to increase RNA production, you can use 20-50 µ Repeat step 12 for the new RNase Free Water.3) If you want to increase the RNA concentration, you can add the obtained solution back to the adsorption column and repeat step 12... Read More |