| Description | The content of this cell is too long for an XLSX file (more than 32767 characters). Please use the CSV format for this export | D-Lactate, typically present in the bloodstream at nanomolar concentrations, is produced by an intestinal source or via the methylglyoxal pathway. In mammals, D-Lactate metabolism requires D-Lactate hydrogenase and is metabolized slowly, thus an increase in blood concentration levels can lead to D-Lactate, typically present in the bloodstream at nanomolar concentrations, is produced by an intestinal source or via the methylglyoxal pathway. In mammals, D-Lactate metabolism requires D-Lactate hydrogenase and is metabolized slowly, thus an increase in blood concentration levels can lead to acidemia and acidosis. The severity of this D-lactic acidosis can be associated with neurotoxic symptoms. Significant D-Lactate accumulations in the body can also be related to impaired metabolism and excretion.D-Lactate Colorimetric Assay kit has been used to determine the stereospecificity of lactate produced.Suitability: Suitable for use with samples of serum, plasma, cells, culture and fermentation media.Principle: In this assay, D-Lactate is specifically oxidized by D-Lactate hydrogenase and generates a proportional colorimetric product measured at 450 nm. The useful concentration range in samples is 0.1-10 mM D-Lactate... Read More | Inquire | Product content: U665923Component50 T200 TStorageU665923ABuffer GTL15 mL60 mLRTU665923BBuffer GL15 mL50 mLRTU665923CBuffer GW1 (concentrate)13 mL52 mLRTU665923DBuffer GW2 (concentrate)15 mL70 mLRTU665923EBuffer GE15 mL60 mLRTU665923FProteinase K1.25 mL4×1.25 mLRTU665923GSpin Columns DM with Product content: U665923Component50 T200 TStorageU665923ABuffer GTL15 mL60 mLRTU665923BBuffer GL15 mL50 mLRTU665923CBuffer GW1 (concentrate)13 mL52 mLRTU665923DBuffer GW2 (concentrate)15 mL70 mLRTU665923EBuffer GE15 mL60 mLRTU665923FProteinase K1.25 mL4×1.25 mLRTU665923GSpin Columns DM with Collection Tubes50 EA200 EART Product Introduction:This reagent kit is suitable for extracting high-purity total DNA from various samples such as fresh or frozen animal tissues, cells, blood, bacteria, etc. This product can purify DNA fragments with a maximum molecular weight of 50 kb. The purification process does not require the use of toxic solvents such as phenol or chloroform, nor does it require ethanol precipitation. This reagent kit adopts an optimized buffer system to efficiently and specifically bind DNA from the lysis solution to the silica matrix centrifuge adsorption column. Inhibitors of PCR and other enzymatic reactions can be effectively removed through a two-step washing step. Finally, high-purity DNA can be obtained by washing with low salt buffer or water. The purified DNA can be directly used for downstream experiments such as enzyme digestion, PCR, Real Time PCR, library construction, Southern Blot, and molecular labeling.Self prepared reagent: anhydrous ethanolEnzymatic Lysis Buffer (preparation required for extracting genomic DNA from Gram positive bacteria).Self prepared reagent: Enzymatic Lysis Buffer Formula: 20 mM Tris, pH 8.0; 2 mM Na2 EDTA; 1.2% Triton self prepared reagent: X-100; Lysozyme with a final concentration of 20 mg/mL.Preparation and important precautions before the experiment:1. Samples should avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, otherwise it may result in smaller extracted DNA fragments and a decrease in extraction volume.2.If extracting the genome of bacterial cultures with a large accumulation of secondary metabolites or thick cell walls, it is recommended to collect samples early in the logarithmic growth phase.3.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer GW1 and Buffer GW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.4. Before use, please check if there is any crystallization or precipitation in Buffer GTL and Buffer GL. If there is any crystallization or precipitation, please dissolve Buffer GL and Buffer GTL again in a 56 ℃ water bath.5. If downstream experiments are sensitive to RNA contamination, 4 can be added before adding Buffer GL µ RNase A of L DNase Free (100 mg/mL) was not provided in this kit.Operation steps：Genome extraction from blood and cell samples1. Material processing1a If the extracted material is mammalian anticoagulant blood (non nucleated red blood cells), it can be directly directed to 50-200 µ Add Buffer GTL to fresh or frozen anticoagulant blood samples to supplement up to 200 µ L;1b If the extracted material is anticoagulant blood from poultry, birds, amphibians, or lower level organisms, and their red blood cells are nucleated cells, take 5-10 µ L fresh or frozen anticoagulant blood samples, add Buffer GTL to supplement up to 200 µ L;1c The cells cultured on the wall should be first processed into a cell suspension (with a maximum extraction amount of 5 × 10 cells), centrifuged at 2000 rpm (400 × g) for 5 minutes, discarded from the supernatant, and added with 200 µ L GTL, oscillate until the sample is completely suspended;Note: To remove RNA, add 4 after completing the above steps µ RNase A solution with a concentration of 100 mg/mL was vortexed for 15 seconds and left at room temperature for 2 minutes.2. Add 20 µ L Protein K.3. Add 200 µ L Buffer GL, vortex oscillation thoroughly mixed, 56 ℃ water bath for 10 minutes.4. Temporarily centrifuge to remove water droplets from the inner wall of the tube cover. Join 200 µ L anhydrous ethanol, vortex and shake thoroughly to mix well. Short centrifugation.Attention: 1) After adding Bu ff er GL and anhydrous ethanol, immediately vortex shake and mix well.2) The addition of Bu ff er GL and anhydrous ethanol may produce white precipitates, which will not affect subsequent experiments. Some organizations may form sol-gel products after adding Bu ff er GL and anhydrous ethanol, and it is recommended to perform severe shaking or vortex treatment at this time.5. Add all the solutions obtained in the previous step to the spin columns DM that have been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.6. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW1 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.7. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Note: To further improve DNA purity, repeat step 7.8.12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which can affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).9. Place the adsorption column in a new centrifuge tube (provided by oneself) and add 50-200 to the middle of the adsorption column in the air µ L Buffer GE or sterilized water, leave at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect DNA solution, and store DNA at -20 ℃.Attention:1) If downstream experiments are sensitive to pH or EDTA, they can be washed off with sterilized water. The pH value of the eluent has a significant impact on the elution efficiency. If water is used as the eluent, its pH value should be ensured to be between 7.0-8.5 (NaOH can be used to adjust the pH value of the water to this range). When the pH value is below 7.0, the elution efficiency is not high.2) Preheating the GE in a water bath at 65-70 ℃ and incubating it at room temperature for 5 minutes before centrifugation can increase yield; Use an additional 50-200 µ Re washing with GE or sterilized water can increase yield.3) If the final concentration of DNA needs to be increased, the obtained solution can be re added to the adsorption column, left at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, and centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 1 minute; If the elution volume is less than 200 µ L. It is possible to increase the final concentration of DNA, but it may reduce the total yield. If the amount of DNA is less than 1 µ g. Recommended 50 µ Wash with GE or sterilized water.4) Because DNA stored in water is affected by acidic hydrolysis, if long-term preservation is required, it is recommended to elute with Bu ff er GE and store at -20 ℃.Genome extraction from animal tissues1. Material processingIf the extracted material is animal tissue, take 25 mg (the amount of spleen tissue should be less than 10 mg); If the material is mouse tail, take a section of rat tail with a length of 0.4-0.6 cm or two sections of mouse tail with a length of 0.4-0.6 cm.1a. After liquid nitrogen grinding or cutting the sample into small pieces, place it in a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube and add 180 mL µ Label different samples with L Buffer GTL.1b If using a homogenizer to process the sample, add no more than 80% of the homogenizer to the sample before homogenization µ L Buffer GTL, add 100 after homogenization µ L Buffer GTL.Attention:1) Ensure that the quantity of each organization does not exceed the recommended range.2) The tissue samples can be ground with liquid nitrogen or homogenized with a homogenizer before adding Bu ff er GTL, which can increase the cracking efficiency.2. Add 20 µ L Protein K, vortex oscillation thoroughly mixes the sample. Take a 56 ℃ water bath until the tissue is completely lysed. During the incubation process, the centrifuge tube can be inverted or shaken periodically to disperse the sample.Attention:1) The digestion time varies for different tissues, usually taking 1-3 hours to complete. The tail of the mouse needs to be digested for 6-8 hours, and if necessary, overnight digestion will not affect subsequent operations.2) If there is still gel like substance after incubation and vortex oscillation, extend the incubation time at 56 ℃ or add another 20 µ L Protein K digestion.3) To remove RNA, add 4 after completing the above steps µ RNase A solution with a concentration of 100 mg/mL, vortex for 15 seconds, and leave at room temperature for 5-10 minutes.3. Add 200 µ L Buffer GL, vortex shake thoroughly and mix well, take a water bath at 70 ℃ for 10 minutes. Add 200 after brief centrifugation µ L anhydrous ethanol, vortex and shake thoroughly to mix well.Attention:1) After adding Bu ff er GL and anhydrous ethanol, immediately vortex and shake to mix well.2) The addition of Bu ff er GL and anhydrous ethanol may produce white precipitates, which will not affect subsequent experiments. Some tissues (such as the spleen and lungs) may form sol-gel products after adding Bu ff er GL and anhydrous ethanol. In this case, it is recommended to perform vigorous shaking or vortex treatment.4. Centrifuge briefly and add all the solution obtained in step 3 to the spin columns DM that have been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.5. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW1 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.6. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Note: To further improve DNA purity, repeat step 6.7.12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which can affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).8. Place the adsorption column in a new centrifuge tube (provided by oneself) and add 50-200 to the middle of the adsorption column in the air µ L Buffer GE or sterilized water, leave at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect DNA solution, and store DNA at -20 ℃.Attention:1) If downstream experiments are sensitive to pH or EDTA, they can be washed off with sterilized water. The pH value of the eluent has a significant impact on the elution efficiency. If water is used as the eluent, its pH value should be ensured to be between 7.0-8.5 (NaOH can be used to adjust the pH value of the water to this range). When the pH value is below 7.0, the elution efficiency is not high.2) Preheating the GE in a water bath at 65-70 ℃ and incubating it at room temperature for 5 minutes before centrifugation can increase yield; Use an additional 50-200 µ Re washing with GE or sterilized water can increase yield.3) If the final concentration of DNA needs to be increased, the obtained solution can be re added to the adsorption column, left at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, and centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 1 minute; If the elution volume is less than 200 µ L. It is possible to increase the final concentration of DNA, but it may reduce the total yield. If the amount of DNA is less than 1 µ g. Recommended 50 µ Wash with GE or sterilized water.4) Because DNA stored in water is affected by acidic hydrolysis, if long-term preservation is required, it is recommended to elute with Bu ff er GE and store at -20 ℃. i ii Genomic extraction of blood and cell samples1. Bacterial sample pretreatment1a Gram negative bacteria(1) Take 1-5mL of bacterial culture (10 ^ -10 ^ cells, up to a maximum of 2 × 10 ^ cells) and place it in a centrifuge tube (self prepared). Centrifuge at 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 1 minute and try to aspirate the supernatant as much as possible.(2) Add 180 to the precipitate µ L Buffer GTL, shake to suspend bacterial weight.(3) Join 20 µ L Protein K, vortex mix well, incubate at 56 ° C until the bacterial cell is completely lysed, and during the incubation process, invert or shake the centrifuge tube periodically to disperse the sample.Note: To remove RNA, add 4 after completing the above steps µ L RNase A solution with a concentration of 100 mg/mL, shake well and let stand at room temperature for 5-10 minutes.(4) Join 200 µ L Buffer GL, vortex oscillation mixing.1b Gram positive bacteria(1) Take 1-5 mL of bacterial culture (10 ^ -10 ^ cells, maximum not exceeding 2 x 10 ^ cells) and place it in a centrifuge tube (self prepared). Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute and try to aspirate the supernatant as much as possible.(2) Join 180 µ L Enzymatic Lysis Buffer (self provided) suspends the bacterial weight.(3) Incubate at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes.(4) Join 20 µ L Protein K vortex oscillation, thoroughly mixed. Join 200 µ L Buffer GL, vortex oscillation mixing. Incubate at 56 ℃ for 30 minutes.Attention:1) If necessary, incubation at 95 ° C for 15 minutes can inactivate the pathogen, but incubation at 95 ° C can cause some DNA degradation.2) To remove RNA, add 4 after completing the above steps µ L RNase A solution with a concentration of 100 mg/mL, shake well and let stand at room temperature for 5-10 minutes.2. Add 200 µ L anhydrous ethanol, vortex and shake thoroughly to mix well.Attention: Adding anhydrous ethanol may produce white precipitates, which will not affect subsequent experiments.3. Add all the solution obtained from step 2 (including the formed precipitate) to the adsorption column (Spin Columns DM) that has been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.4. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW1 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.5. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer GW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Note: To further improve DNA purity, repeat step 5.6.12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which can affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).7. Place the adsorption column in a new centrifuge tube (provided by oneself) and add 50-200 to the middle of the adsorption column in the air µ L Buffer GE or sterilized water, leave at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect DNA solution, and store DNA at -20 ℃.Attention:1) If downstream experiments are sensitive to pH or EDTA, they can be washed off with sterilized water. The pH value of the eluent has a significant impact on the elution efficiency. If water is used as the eluent, its pH value should be ensured to be between 7.0-8.5 (NaOH can be used to adjust the pH value of the water to this range). When the pH value is below 7.0, the elution efficiency is not high.2) Preheating the GE in a water bath at 65-70 ℃ and incubating it at room temperature for 5 minutes before centrifugation can increase yield; Use an additional 50-200 µ Re washing with GE or sterilized water can increase yield.3) If the final concentration of DNA needs to be increased, the obtained solution can be re added to the adsorption column, left at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, and centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 1 minute; If the elution volume is less than 200 µ L. It is possible to increase the final concentration of DNA, but it may reduce the total yield. If the amount of DNA is less than 1 µ g. Recommended 50 µ Wash with GE or sterilized water.4) Because DNA stored in water is affected by acidic hydrolysis, if long-term preservation is required, it is recommended to elute with Bu ff er GE and store at -20 ℃... Read More | Vitamins Kit is a multivitamin mix comprising biotin, folic acid, vitamin B6, riboflavin, thiamine, D-pantothenic acid and niacinamide.Vitamins Kit has been used as a vitamin supplement in the minimal medium for conidia spores and vegetative cultures |