| Description | Pyruvate Kinase (PK, EC 2.7.1.40) is widely present in animals, plants, microorganisms, and cultured cells. It catalyzes the final step of glycolysis and is one of the key rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis, as well as a crucial enzyme for ATP production. Therefore, determining PK activity is of Pyruvate Kinase (PK, EC 2.7.1.40) is widely present in animals, plants, microorganisms, and cultured cells. It catalyzes the final step of glycolysis and is one of the key rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis, as well as a crucial enzyme for ATP production. Therefore, determining PK activity is of significant importance.Detection Principle: PK catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to ATP and pyruvate. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) further catalyzes the reaction of NADH and pyruvate to produce lactate and NAD⁺. The change in NADH absorbance at 340 nm is measured to calculate the PK activity in the sample.Applicable Samples: Animal/plant tissues, cells, bacteria, serum (plasma)A1501205Component48T96TStorageA1501205AExtraction Buffer60 mL60 mL×22-8℃A1501205BAssay Buffer12 mL24 mL2-8℃A1501205CSubstrate Mix1EA1EA-20℃. Store in the dark.A1501205DLDH10.2 µL20.4 µL2-8℃Please check the quantity of each component before the experiment.An additional 10% of each component is provided beyond the specified volume for standard curve preparation or preliminary experiments.User-Provided Instruments and ReagentsTypeNameNotesInstrumentMicroplate ReaderCapable of measuring absorbance at 340 nm.Consumables96-well UV PlateUV-transparent plate.ReagentsPBS (pH 7.4) / Deionized WaterFor washing cells/bacteria / Reagent preparation.OthersHomogenizer (for tissue samples), incubator, ice bucket, low-temperature centrifuge, adjustable pipettes and tipsUsing a multichannel pipette for large-scale detection can improve efficiency.Experimental Procedure1. Reagent PreparationReagent NameReagent PreparationPrecautionsExtraction BufferReady-to-use; equilibrate to room temperature before use.Store at 4°C.Assay BufferReady-to-use; equilibrate to room temperature before use.Store at 4°C.Substrate Mix Working ReagentPrepare before use: For 48T: Add 10.2 mL Assay Buffer and 0.6 mL deionized water to the vial. For 96T: Add 20.4 mL Assay Buffer and 1.2 mL deionized water to the vial. Dissolve thoroughly.After preparation, aliquot and store at -20°C for up to 6 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Before use, incubate at 25°C (for general species) or 37°C (for mammals) for 5 min.LDH Working ReagentPrepare before use: For 48T: Add 0.6 mL deionized water to the LDH vial. For 96T: Add 1.2 mL deionized water to the LDH vial. Mix thoroughly.Keep on ice after preparation. The diluted reagent can be stored at 4°C for 1 month.2. Sample PreparationNote: Fresh samples are recommended. If not used immediately, samples can be stored at -80°C for up to 1 month.2.1 Animal/Plant Tissues: Weigh approximately 0.1 g of tissue, add 1 mL of Extraction Buffer, and homogenize on ice. Centrifuge at 8000 g, 4°C for 10 minutes. Collect the supernatant and keep on ice for detection.2.2 Cells/Bacteria: Collect 5×10⁶ cells or bacteria into a centrifuge tube. Wash with cold PBS, centrifuge, and discard the supernatant. Add 1 mL of Extraction Buffer. Disrupt by ultrasonic homogenization on ice (power 20% or 200 W, ultrasonicate for 3 s, interval 7 s, repeat 30 times). Centrifuge at 8000 g, 4°C for 10 minutes. Collect the supernatant and keep on ice for detection.2.3 Serum (Plasma) and other liquid samples: Detect directly.3. Assay Steps3.1 Microplate Reader Preparation: Preheat for at least 30 minutes. Set the wavelength to 340 nm.3.2 Assay System Setup: In a 96-well UV plate, add sequentially: 10 µL of sample, 10 µL of LDH Working Reagent, and 180 µL of Substrate Mix Working Reagent. Mix rapidly immediately after addition.3.3 Absorbance Measurement: Immediately after mixing, measure the absorbance at 340 nm at 20 seconds (A1) and then at 2 minutes and 20 seconds (A2). Calculate ΔA = A1 - A2.4. Result Calculation4.1 Data ProcessingCalculate ΔA = A1 - A2.4.2 Sample PK Activity Calculation(1) Based on sample mass:Unit Definition: One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the consumption of 1 nmol NADH per minute per gram of tissue in the reaction system.Formula:PK (U/g) = [ΔA×Vtotal reaction÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (Vsample ÷ Vtotal extract×W) ÷ T = 3215 × ΔA ÷ W(2) Based on cell/bacterial count:Unit Definition: One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the consumption of 1 nmol NADH per minute per 10⁴ bacteria or cells in the reaction system.Formula:PK (U/10⁴) = [ΔA × Vtotal reaction ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (Vsample ÷ Vtotal extract; × 500) ÷ T = 3215 × ΔA ÷ 500 = 6.431 × ΔA(3) Based on liquid volume:Unit Definition: One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the consumption of 1 nmol NADH per minute per mL of serum (plasma) in the reaction system.Formula:PK (U/mL) = [ΔA × Vtotal reaction; ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ Vsample ÷ T = 3215 × ΔA(4) Based on protein concentration:Unit Definition: One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the consumption of 1 nmol NADH per minute per mg of protein in the reaction system.Formula:PK (U/mg prot) = [ΔA × Vtotal reaction; ÷ (ε × d) × 10⁹] ÷ (Cpr × Vsample ) ÷ T = 3215 × ΔA ÷ CprParameter Description:Vtotal reaction; : Total reaction volume, 2 × 10⁻⁴ Lε: Molar extinction coefficient of NADH, 6.22 × 10³ L/mol/cmd: Light path of the 96-well plate, 0.5 cm10⁹: Conversion factor (1 mol = 1 × 10⁹ nmol)Vsample : Volume of sample added, 0.01 mLVtotal extract; : Volume of Extraction Buffer added, 1 mLT: Reaction time, 2 minCpr: Sample protein concentration, mg/mLW: Sample mass, g500: Cell or bacterial count (5 × 10⁶), converted to units of 1Precautions1. It is recommended to perform preliminary experiments using 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences before formal testing.2. This kit is compatible with spectrophotometer detection. Adjust the preparation volume of detection reagents proportionally according to the spectrophotometer's requirements.3. For tissue and cell samples, results can be normalized by measuring the protein concentration. Aladdin BCA Protein Quantification Kit (B665595) or Ready-to-Use BCA Protein Quantification Kit (R1491648) are recommended.4. Biochemical reagents are generally irritating and biologically toxic. For your safety and health, please implement appropriate biosafety precautions throughout the experiment. Wear personal protective equipment such as lab coats, masks, gloves, and hair caps. Perform experiments in a fume hood or biosafety cabinet.5. This product is for scientific research use only. Not intended for clinical diagnosis.Frequently Asked QuestionsQ: What should I do if the sample ΔA is too high or too low?A: If the sample ΔA is > 1.0, the PK activity in the sample is too high. Dilute the sample appropriately with Extraction Buffer or reduce the amount of sample used for extraction, and then re-assay. If the sample ΔA is < 0.005, extend the reaction time to 5 or 10 minutes, or appropriately increase the sample amount, and then re-assay.Q: Will testing multiple samples simultaneously affect the results?A: Appropriately extending the time by 3-5 minutes for this assay will not affect the results. When testing multiple samples, it is recommended to use a multi-channel pipette for operation... Read More | Product content:E665636Component50 TStorageE665636ABuffer P115 mLRTE665636BBuffer P215 mLRTE665636CBuffer E315 mLRTE665636DBuffer PS15 mLRTE665636EBuffer PW (concentrate)10 mLRTE665636FEndo-Free Buffer EB10 mLRTE665636GRNase A (10 mg/mL)150 µLRTE665636HEndo-Remover FMwith Collection Tubes50 Product content:E665636Component50 TStorageE665636ABuffer P115 mLRTE665636BBuffer P215 mLRTE665636CBuffer E315 mLRTE665636DBuffer PS15 mLRTE665636EBuffer PW (concentrate)10 mLRTE665636FEndo-Free Buffer EB10 mLRTE665636GRNase A (10 mg/mL)150 µLRTE665636HEndo-Remover FMwith Collection Tubes50 EARTE665636ISpin Columns DMwith Collection Tubes50 EART Product Introduction:Endotoxins are a common pollutant in plasmid extraction. Due to the high sensitivity of eukaryotic cells to endotoxins, the presence of endotoxins in plasmids can greatly reduce the transfection efficiency of eukaryotic cells. This reagent kit provides a simple, fast, and efficient new method for extracting endotoxin free plasmids. The extracted plasmids remove endotoxins to the maximum extent possible and can effectively remove contamination of genomic DNA, RNA, proteins, etc. The operation is simple and convenient. This reagent kit is suitable for extracting 1-5mL of bacterial solution. On the basis of alkaline lysis of cells, it efficiently and specifically binds plasmid DNA through a new silicon-based membrane. Each adsorption column can adsorb up to 40% µ The plasmid DNA of g is effectively removed using a special buffer system and endotoxin removal filter column, effectively removing impurities such as endotoxins and proteins. The plasmid obtained from this kit has high purity and stable quality, making it particularly suitable for cell transfection. It can also be used for downstream experiments such as DNA sequencing, PCR, PCR based mutations, in vitro transcription, transformed bacteria, and endonuclease digestion.Self prepared reagents: anhydrous ethanol, isopropanol.Preparation and important precautions before the experiment：1. All components can be stably stored for 1 year in a dry, room temperature (15-30 ℃) environment. The adsorption column can be stored for a longer time at 2-8 ℃. Buffer P1 with RNase A added can be stably stored for 6 months at 2-8 ℃. 2. Before the first use, add all RNase A solution to Buffer P1, mix well, and store at 2-8 ℃. Before use, let it sit at room temperature for a period of time. After returning to room temperature, use.3.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to the Buffer PW according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.4. Before use, please check if there is any crystallization or precipitation in Buffer P2 and Buffer E3. If there is any crystallization or precipitation, you can take a water bath at 37 ℃ for a few minutes to restore clarity.5. Be careful not to come into direct contact with Buffer P2 and Buffer E3, and immediately cover them tightly after use.6.The amount and purity of plasmid extraction are related to factors such as bacterial culture concentration, strain type, plasmid size, and plasmid copy number.Operation steps：1. Take 1-5 mL of overnight cultured bacterial solution and add it to a centrifuge tube (provided). Centrifuge at 13000 rpm (~16200 × g) for 30 seconds to collect bacteria, and try to discard all the supernatant as much as possible.2. Add 250 to the centrifuge tube containing bacterial sediment µ L Buffer P1 (please check if RNase A has been added first), mix thoroughly with a pipette or vortex oscillator, and suspend bacterial precipitation.Attention: If the bacterial blocks are not thoroughly mixed, it will affect the cracking effect, resulting in low extraction amount and purity.3. Add 250 to the centrifuge tube µ L Buffer P2, gently invert and mix 8-10 times, allowing the bacterial cells to fully lyse. Leave at room temperature for 3-5 minutes. At this point, the solution should become clear and viscous.Attention: Mix gently and do not shake vigorously to avoid interrupting genomic DNA and mixing genomic DNA fragments in the extracted plasmid. If the solution does not become clear, it indicates that the bacterial count may be too high and the lysis may not be complete. The bacterial count should be reduced.4. Add 250 to the centrifuge tube µ L Buffer E3, immediately invert and mix 8-10 times until white flocculent precipitates appear. Let it stand at room temperature for 5 minutes. Centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 5 minutes, extract the supernatant, and add it to a filter column (Endo Remove FM). Centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 1 minute to filter, and collect the filtrate in a centrifuge tube (self provided).Attention: After adding Buffer E3, it should be mixed evenly immediately to avoid local precipitation. 5. Add 225 to the filtrate µ Mix L isopropanol upside down.6. Column balance: Add 200 to the spin columns DM that have been loaded into the collection tube µ L Buffer PS, centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.7. Transfer the mixed solution of filtrate and isopropanol from step 5 to an equilibrium adsorption column (already loaded into a collection tube).8.13000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Attention: The maximum volume of the adsorption column is 750 µ L. If the sample volume is greater than 750 µ L can be added in batches. 9. Add 750 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer PW (please check if anhydrous ethanol has been added first), centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 1 minute, and discard the waste liquid in the collection tube.10. Place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold and centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 1 minute. Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which can affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).11. Place the adsorption column in a new collection tube and add 50-100 to the middle of the adsorption membrane µ L Endo Free Buffer EB, let it stand at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 13000 rpm for 2 minutes, and collect the plasmid solution into a centrifuge tube- Store the plasmid at 20 ℃.Note: 1) To increase the efficiency of plasmid recovery, the obtained solution can be added back to the adsorption column, left at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 2 minutes, and collected into a centrifuge tube.2) When the plasmid copy number is low or>10 kb, preheating the Endo Free Buffer EB in a water bath at 65-70 ℃ can increase the extraction efficiency... Read More | functional group：carboxylic acid Description:Liposome Kit has been used for the preparation of liposomes. Composition：Cholesterol, 9 µmol/package L-α-Phosphatidylcholine (egg yolk), 63 µmol/package Stearylamine, 18 µmol/package | M666110 Component 96 T Storage M666110A Buffer WSL 40 mL RT M666110B Buffer MSL 40 mL RT M666110C Buffer CW1 (concentrate) 90 mL RT M666110D Buffer GW1 (concentrate) 40 mL RT M666110E Buffer GW2 (concentrate) 50 mL RT M666110F Buffer EB 30 mL RT M666110G Proteinase K 4×1.25 mL RT M666110H M666110 Component 96 T Storage M666110A Buffer WSL 40 mL RT M666110B Buffer MSL 40 mL RT M666110C Buffer CW1 (concentrate) 90 mL RT M666110D Buffer GW1 (concentrate) 40 mL RT M666110E Buffer GW2 (concentrate) 50 mL RT M666110F Buffer EB 30 mL RT M666110G Proteinase K 4×1.25 mL RT M666110H Magbeads V3 2×1 mL RTProduct Introduction：The reagent kit provides a simple, fast, and efficient method for extracting genomic DNA from blood samples. In the presence of high salt, DNA binds to the surface of silica coated Magheads. After rinsing, high-purity DNA is eluted in Buffer EB or deionized water. The purified DNA has good purity (A260/280 ratio between 1.7-1.9) and high integrity (>15 kb), and can be used for downstream experiments such as second-generation sequencing, quantitative PCR, and chip detection.Self provided instruments and reagents1) Constant temperature mixer2) 2/15 ml magnetic frame3) 32 channel nucleic acid extractor4) 96 channel nucleic acid extractor5) 96 DW Plate6) 8 channel Comb7) Spin tips pack8) Anhydrous ethanolPreparation and important precautions before the experiment1.Before the first use, add anhydrous ethanol to Buffer CW1, Buffer GW1, and Buffer GW2 according to the label of the reagent bottle and mark them properly.2.Magheads are strictly prohibited from freezing or centrifugation. Freezing and centrifugation may cause irreversible damage to Magheads.Operation stepsI. Manual single tube operation1. Use punching forceps to take 1 blood spot with a diameter of 6 mm or 4 blood spots with a diameter of 3 mm (depending on the actual situation) from the blood spot and place them in a 2.0 mL centrifuge tube.2. Add 40 to the centrifuge tube µ L Protein K and 300 µ L Buffer WSL, then place the centrifuge tube on a constant temperature mixer at 75 ℃ and 1200 rpm, shake and crack for 45 minutes to form Lysate. Remove the centrifuge tube from the constant temperature mixer, centrifuge briefly, and take the supernatant.Attention: If there is no constant temperature mixer, vortex the centrifuge tube for 10 seconds and incubate it in a 75 ℃ water bath for 30 minutes. During this period, vortex every 10 minutes for 10 seconds.3. Suck the supernatant into a new 2.0 mL centrifuge tube and add 300 µ L Buffer MSL, 300 µ L isopropanol and 20 µ L Magheads V3. Afterwards, place the centrifuge tube on a constant temperature mixer at 25 ℃ and 1600 rpm, shake and crack for 15 minutes, or invert the centrifuge tube and mix continuously for 15 minutes.4. Place the centrifuge tube on a magnetic stand and let it stand for 1 minute. After Magheads are completely adsorbed on the side wall of the centrifuge tube, discard the solution thoroughly (keep the centrifuge tube fixed on the magnetic stand).5. Remove the centrifuge tube from the magnetic frame and add 900 µ L Buffer CW1 (please check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), vortex point shake for 1 minute or vortex shake for 5 seconds, and then place it on a constant temperature mixer at 25 ℃ and 1600 rpm to shake and mix for 2 minutes (ensure that Magheads are in a mixed state during the shaking process). Afterwards, place the centrifuge tube on a magnetic stand and let it stand for 1 minute. After Magheads are completely adsorbed on the side wall of the centrifuge tube, gently invert the magnetic stand and wash the impurities on the centrifuge tube cover to completely discard the solution (keep the centrifuge tube fixed on the magnetic stand).6. Remove the centrifuge tube from the magnetic frame and add 500 µ L Buffer GW1 (please check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), vortex point shake for 1 minute or vortex shake for 5 seconds, and then place it on a constant temperature mixer at 25 ℃ and 1600 rpm to shake and mix for 2 minutes (ensure that Magheads are in a mixed state during the shaking process). Afterwards, place the centrifuge tube on a magnetic stand and let it stand for 1 minute. After Magheads are completely adsorbed on the side wall of the centrifuge tube, gently invert the magnetic stand and wash the impurities on the centrifuge tube cover to completely discard the solution (keep the centrifuge tube fixed on the magnetic stand).7. Remove the centrifuge tube from the magnetic frame and add 900 µ L Buffer GW2 (please check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), vortex point shake for 1 minute or vortex shake for 5 seconds, then place it on a constant temperature mixer at 25 ℃ and 1600 rpm, shake and mix for 2 minutes (ensure that Magheads are in a mixed state during the shaking process). Afterwards, place the centrifuge tube on a magnetic stand and let it stand for 1 minute. After Magheads are completely adsorbed on the side wall of the centrifuge tube, gently invert the magnetic stand and wash the impurities on the centrifuge tube cover to completely discard the solution (keep the centrifuge tube fixed on the magnetic stand).8. Remove the centrifuge tube from the magnetic frame and add 300 µ After shaking with 75% ethanol for 1 minute or 5 seconds, place the mixture on a constant temperature mixer at 25 ℃ and 1600 rpm for 2 minutes (ensure that the Magheads are in a mixed state during the shaking process). Afterwards, place the centrifuge tube on a magnetic stand and let it stand for 1 minute. After Magheads are completely adsorbed on the side wall of the centrifuge tube, gently invert the magnetic stand and wash the impurities on the centrifuge tube cover to completely discard the solution (keep the centrifuge tube fixed on the magnetic stand).9. Keep the centrifuge tube fixed on the magnetic frame, use a pipette to further remove the solution from the bottom and cover of the centrifuge tube, and then leave it at room temperature for 5-10 minutes to allow the ethanol to evaporate completely.10. Remove the centrifuge tube from the magnetic frame and add 50-200 µ L Buffer EB. Vortex oscillation causes the magnetic beads to completely suspend in the eluent and then place them on a constant temperature mixer at 56 ℃ and 1600 rpm for 10 minutes of shaking and elution, or incubate the centrifuge tube in a 56 ℃ water bath for 10 minutes, with vortex oscillation every 3 minutes for 10 seconds.11. Place the centrifuge tube on a magnetic stand and let it stand for 2 minutes. After Magheads are completely adsorbed on the side wall of the centrifuge tube, transfer the eluent to a new centrifuge tube using a pipette and store at -20 ℃ for later use.II. Matching with CWE21001. Use punching forceps to take 1 blood spot with a diameter of 6 mm or 4 blood spots with a diameter of 3 mm (depending on the actual situation) from the blood spot and place them in a 2.0 mL centrifuge tube.2. Add 40 to the centrifuge tube µ L Protein K and 300 µ L Buffer WSL, then place the centrifuge tube on a constant temperature mixer at 75 ℃ and 1200 rpm, shake and crack for 45 minutes to form Lysate.3. Add the corresponding reagents to the 96DW deep well plate according to the table below. Position Reagent 1&7 Colume Lysate: All Buffer MSL: 300 µL isopropanol：300 µL Magbeads V3: 20 µL 2&8 Colume Buffer CW1: 900 µL 3&9 Colume Buffer GW1: 500 µL 4& 10 Colume Buffer GW2: 900 µL 5& 11 Colume 75%ethanol: 300 µL 6& 12 Colume Buffer EB: 70 µL4.Place the deep well plate and magnetic sleeve that have been added to the reagent at the corresponding positions of CWE2100/CWE3200, run the blood slide extraction program, and after about 40 minutes, the program ends. Remove the deep well plate and magnetic sleeve.5.Transfer the elution products from columns 6 and 12 of the deep well plate to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube for low-temperature storage.III. Matching with CWE9601. Use punching forceps to take 1 blood spot with a diameter of 6 mm or 4 blood spots with a diameter of 3 mm (depending on the actual situation) from the blood spot and place them in a 2.0 mL centrifuge tube.2. Add 40 to the centrifuge tube µ L Protein K and 300 µ L Buffer WSL, then place the centrifuge tube on a constant temperature mixer at 75 ℃ and 1200 rpm, shake and crack for 45 minutes to form Lysate.3. Add the corresponding reagents to the 96DW deep well plate according to the table below Position Reagent Plate 1 Lysate: All Buffer MSL: 300 µL isopropanol ：300 µL Magbeads V3: 20 µL Plate 2 Buffer CW1: 900 µL Plate 3 Buffer GW1: 500 µL Plate 4 Buffer GW2: 900 µL Plate 5 75% ethanol : 300 µL Plate 6 Buffer EB: 70 µL4. Place the deep well plate and magnetic sleeve that have been added to the reagent at the corresponding positions on CWE960, run the blood slide extraction program, and after about 40 minutes, the program ends. Remove the deep well plate and magnetic sleeve.5. Transfer the elution products from Plate 6 to a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube for low-temperature storage... Read More | Product content R669871Component50 TStorageR669871ADNase I1000 U-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669871B10×Reaction Buffer1mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. R669871CBuffer DS30 mLRTR669871DBuffer GTL15 mLRTR669871EBuffer GL25 mLRTR669871FProteinase K12.5 mgRTR669871GProteinase K Product content R669871Component50 TStorageR669871ADNase I1000 U-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669871B10×Reaction Buffer1mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. R669871CBuffer DS30 mLRTR669871DBuffer GTL15 mLRTR669871EBuffer GL25 mLRTR669871FProteinase K12.5 mgRTR669871GProteinase K Storage Buffer1.25 mLRTR669871HBuffer RW140 mLRTR669871IBuffer RW2 (concentrate)11 mLRTR669871JRNase-Free Water10 mLRTR669871KSpin Columns RS with Collection Tubes50 setsRTR669871LRNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL)50 EART Product IntroductionThis kit is suitable for effectively purifying total RNA from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. Suitable for extracting total RNA with improved purity from paraffin embedded tissues or sections less than 30mg. This kit does not require the use of phenol/chloroform extraction or isopropanol precipitation, and can complete the extraction of multiple samples within one hour. This product uses specially optimized lysis solution and protease K to release RNA from formalin fixed or tissue slice samples without overnight operation; After digestion, the sample is incubated at a higher temperature to remove the inhibitory effect caused by formalin cross-linking, effectively releasing RNA from tissue slices and avoiding endangering RNA integrity; The optimized buffer system allows RNA in the lysis solution to specifically bind to the silica gel adsorption membrane, while other pollutants can flow through the membrane; It can be effectively removed through rinsing steps, and the washed RNA can be directly used for experiments such as RT-PCR, Real Time PCR, and Western blot analysis.Self prepared reagents: anhydrous ethanol (newly opened or dedicated for RNA extraction), 10mM PBS (pH 7.4).Preparation and important precautions before the experiment1. Add 0.625ml Protein K Storage Buffer to Protein K to dissolve it and store at -20 ℃. The prepared Protein K should not be left at room temperature for a long time to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which may affect its activity.2. To prevent RNase pollution, attention should be paid to the following aspects:1) Use RNase free plastic products and gun heads to avoid cross contamination.2) Glassware should be dry baked at a high temperature of 180 ℃ for 4 hours before use, while plastic containers can be soaked in 0.5M NaOH for 10 minutes, thoroughly rinsed with water, and then sterilized under high pressure.3) Prepare the solution using water without RNase.4) Operators should wear disposable masks and gloves, and change gloves frequently during the experiment.3. After obtaining the sample, it should be fixed in 4% -10% formalin as soon as possible, with a suitable fixation time of 14-24 hours. Excessive time can lead to RNA breakage and affect downstream experiments.4. Ensure that the sample before embedding is thoroughly dehydrated, as residual formalin will inhibit the action of Protein K.5. Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer RW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.Before use, please check if there is any crystallization or precipitation in Buffer GTL, Buffer GL, and Buffer DS. If there is any crystallization or precipitation, please dissolve Buffer GTL, Buffer GL, and Buffer DS again in a 56 ℃ water bath.Operation steps1. Sample processing1a. Paraffin embedded sample: Use a surgical knife to trim off excess paraffin from the tissue block, expose the tissue, and cut into 5-10 µ m thin slices.Attention: If the surface of the sample has already been exposed to air, please discard 2-3 pieces that come into contact with the air and do not use them.1b. Samples in fixed solutions such as formalin: Take approximately 20mg of the sample, cut it into small pieces, place it in a centrifuge tube, and add 500 µ 10mM PBS (PH7.4), vortex oscillation, centrifugation at 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 1 minute, discard the supernatant, repeat 3 times, and proceed directly to step 3.2. Choose option A or option B to remove paraffinOption AA1. Take approximately 1 × 1cm2 of slices (4-5 slices in total) and place them in a centrifuge tube (prepared by oneself), then add 500 slices µ L Buffer DS, vortex oscillation for 10 seconds. Incubate at 56 ° C for 3 minutes.Centrifuge at A2.12000 rpm for 2 minutes, be careful to discard the supernatant and avoid attracting sediment.Option BB1. Take approximately 4-5 slices of approximately 1 × 1 cm2 and place them in a centrifuge tube (self prepared). Add 1ml of xylene, cover the tube tightly, and vortex for 10 seconds.B2.Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes, be careful to remove the supernatant and avoid removing sediment.B3. Add 1ml of anhydrous ethanol, vortex and shake well. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes, discard the supernatant, and be careful not to absorb or discard the sediment.B4. Open the tube cover and incubate at room temperature or up to 37 ° C for 10 minutes until there is no ethanol residue.3. Add 150µ L Buffer GTL, resuspended precipitation; Join 10µl Protein K, vortex oscillation mixing.4.Incubate at 56 ℃ for 15 minutes until the sample is completely dissolved. Incubate at 80 ℃ for 15 minutes. Short centrifugation allows the solution on the tube wall to be collected to the bottom of the tube.Note: 1) The purpose of this step is to repair nucleic acids denatured by formaldehyde. Incubating at a high temperature or for too long may cause RNA breakage, resulting in RNA fragments.2) The sample incubated at 56 ℃ can be placed at room temperature until the temperature of the water or dry bath reaches 80 ℃, and then the sample can be incubated at 80 ℃.5. Place on ice for 3 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 15 minutes, transfer the supernatant to a new centrifuge tube, be careful not to suck sediment.6. Add 320 to the supernatant µ L Buffer GL, vortex oscillation thoroughly mixed.7. Join 720 µ Mix anhydrous ethanol thoroughly with vortex oscillation.Attention: After adding anhydrous ethanol, there may be a small amount of precipitate precipitation, but it does not affect subsequent operations.8. Add all the solutions obtained in step 7 to the spin columns RS that have been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Optional steps: If genomic DNA needs to be removed, the following steps can be followeda. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.b. Preparation of DNase I mixture: Take 52 µ Add 8 RNase Free Water to it µ 10 x Reaction Buffer and 20 µ DNase I (1U/ µ l) Mix well and prepare to a final volume of 80 µ The reaction solution of L.c. Add 80 µ l of DNase I mixture directly to the adsorption column and incubate at 20-30 ℃ for 15 minutes.d. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.9. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ Buffer RW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.10. Repeat step 9.Centrifuge at 11.12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which will affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).12. Place the adsorption column in a new RNase free centrifuge tube, and add 20-50µl to the middle of the adsorption column in the air Place RNase Free Water at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect RNA solution, and store RNA at -20 ℃.Note: 1) The volume of RNase Free Water should not be less than 20 µ l. Small volume affects the recovery rate. 2) If you want to increase RNA production, you can use 20-50 µ Repeat step 12 for the new RNase Free Water.3) If you want to increase the RNA concentration, you can add the obtained solution back to the adsorption column and repeat step 12... Read More |