| Description | Animal liver and kidneys are the main organs for amino acid metabolism. Therefore, changes in urinary amino acids best reflect the physiological state of the liver and kidneys. Additionally, amino acid levels can indicate conditions such as burns and typhoid fever. The amino acid content in plants Animal liver and kidneys are the main organs for amino acid metabolism. Therefore, changes in urinary amino acids best reflect the physiological state of the liver and kidneys. Additionally, amino acid levels can indicate conditions such as burns and typhoid fever. The amino acid content in plants is significant for studying nitrogen metabolism changes under different conditions and during various growth and development stages, as well as for understanding nitrogen absorption, transport, assimilation, and nutritional status in plants.Detection Principle: The α-amino group of amino acids reacts with ninhydrin hydrate to produce a blue-purple compound with a characteristic absorption peak at 570 nm. The amino acid content is calculated by measuring the absorbance at 570 nm.Detection Range: 0.625 - 40 µmol/mLSensitivity: 0.5 µmol/mLApplicable Samples: Serum (plasma), animal/plant tissues, cells, cell culture supernatants, bacteria, urineG1501758Component96TStorageG1501758AExtraction Buffer100 mL2-8℃G1501758BAssay Buffer10 mL2-8℃G1501758CSubstrate1EA2-8℃. Store in the dark.G1501758DStandard (10mg Cysteine)1EA2-8℃. Store in the dark.User-Prepared Instruments and ReagentsMicroplate reader or visible spectrophotometer (capable of measuring absorbance at 570 nm)96-well plate or micro glass cuvettes, adjustable micropipettes and tipsRefrigerated centrifuge, water bathDeionized water, EthanolHomogenizer (for tissue samples)Experimental Procedure1. Reagent PreparationReagent NameReagent PreparationNotesExtraction BufferReady-to-use; Equilibrate to room temperature before use.Store at 4°C.Assay BufferReady-to-use; Equilibrate to room temperature before use.Store at 4°C. Toxic and irritant. Perform experiments in a fume hood.SubstrateToxic and irritant. Perform experiments in a fume hood.Working SubstratePrepare before use: Dissolve in 4 mL of 95% Ethanol.Unused dissolved substrate can be stored at 4°C protected from light for one week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C protected from light for one month. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.StandardPrepare before use: Add 2.066 mL deionized water to dissolve completely, resulting in a 40 µmol/mL stock.Unused dissolved standard can be stored at 4°C for one week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C for one month. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.2. Standard Curve SetupDilute the 40 µmol/mL standard stock solution with deionized water to concentrations of 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 µmol/mL as shown in the table below.TubeStandard VolumeDeionized Water Volume (µL)Standard Concentration (µmol/mL)Std.1200µL of 40µmol/mL040Std.2100µL of Std.110020Std.3100µL of Std.210010Std.4100µL of Std.31005Std.5100µL of Std.41002.5Std.6100µL of Std.51001.25Std.7100µL of Std.61000.625Note: The standard curve must be generated with each experiment. Diluted standard solutions are unstable and must be used within 4 hours.3. Sample PreparationNote: Fresh samples are recommended. If not used immediately, samples can be stored at -80°C for up to one month.3.1 Animal TissueWeigh approximately 0.1 g of tissue. Add 1 mL of Extraction Buffer and homogenize thoroughly at room temperature. Transfer the homogenate to a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube. Cap tightly (to prevent moisture loss) and incubate in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes. Cool with tap water. Centrifuge at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature. Collect the supernatant for assay.3.2 Plant TissueWeigh approximately 0.1 g of tissue. Add 1 mL of Extraction Buffer and grind. Sonicate for 5 minutes at room temperature (power 20% or 200W, pulse 3s on, 7s off, repeat 30 times). Transfer to a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube. Cap tightly (to prevent moisture loss) and incubate in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes. Cool with tap water. Centrifuge at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature. Collect the supernatant for assay.3.3 Cells or BacteriaCollect 5 million cells or bacteria into a centrifuge tube. Wash cells with cold PBS, centrifuge, and discard the supernatant. Add 1 mL of Extraction Buffer. Sonicate for 5 minutes at room temperature (power 20% or 200W, pulse 3s on, 7s off, repeat 30 times). Transfer to a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube. Cap tightly (to prevent moisture loss) and incubate in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes. Cool with tap water. Centrifuge at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature. Collect the supernatant for assay.3.4 Serum (Plasma), Cell Culture Supernatant, Urine, and Other LiquidsPipette 0.5 mL of the liquid sample and add 0.5 mL of Extraction Buffer. Cap tightly (to prevent moisture loss) and incubate in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes. Cool with tap water. Centrifuge at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature. Collect the supernatant for assay.Note: If protein concentration measurement is required, use Aladdin's BCA Protein Quantification Kit (B665595) or Ready-to-Use BCA Protein Quantification Kit (R1491648).4. Assay Steps4.1 Preheat the microplate reader or visible spectrophotometer for at least 30 minutes. Set the wavelength to 570 nm. For spectrophotometers, zero the instrument with deionized water.4.2 Sample Measurement (Add reagents sequentially into microcentrifuge tubes as below):ReagentBlank Tube (µL)Standard Tube (µL)Test Tube (µL)Deionized Water1000Standard (various conc.)0100Sample0010Working Substrate202020Assay Buffer5050504.3 Mix well and cap the tubes tightly (to prevent moisture loss). Incubate in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes. Cool in tap water for 10 seconds. Add 120 µL of 60% ethanol to each tube and invert several times to mix. Transfer 150 µL from each tube to the corresponding wells of a 96-well plate or micro glass cuvette. Measure the absorbance at 570 nm, recorded as A blank, A standard, and A test. Calculate ΔA test = A test - A blank and ΔA standard = A standard - A blank (The blank tube only needs to be prepared once). All measurements must be completed within 30 minutes after color development. Note:It is recommended to perform a preliminary test with 2-3 samples expected to have significant differences before the formal experiment. If A <sub> test </sub> is greater than 2.0, dilute the sample further with deionized water and multiply the result by the dilution factor.Proline and hydroxyproline do not produce an absorption peak at 570 nm when reacting with ninhydrin. Therefore, the results measured at 570 nm do not include these two amino acids.5. Calculation of ResultsNote: We provide two formulas, including the derived formula and a simplified version. They are equivalent. It is recommended to use the simplified formula in bold for final calculation.5.1 Standard Curve PlottingPlot the standard concentration (y-axis) against ΔA standard (x-axis) to generate the standard curve. Substitute ΔA test into the standard curve equation to calculate y (µmol/mL).5.2 Sample Amino Acid Content Calculation(1) Based on Sample WeightAmino Acid Content (µmol/g weight) = y ÷ (W ÷ V<sub>extraction</sub>) × n = y ÷ W × n(2) Based on Protein ConcentrationAmino Acid Content (µmol/mg prot) = y ÷ Cpr × n(3) Based on Bacterial or Cell CountAmino Acid Content (µmol/10⁴ cells) = y ÷ (Count ÷ V<sub>extraction</sub>) × n = y ÷ 500 × n = 0.002 × y × n(4) Based on Liquid VolumeAmino Acid Content (µmol/mL) = y × 2 × nParameter Definitions:W: Sample weight (g)V extraction : Volume of Extraction Buffer added (1 mL)n: Sample dilution factorCpr: Protein concentration of the supernatant (mg/mL)500: Total number of bacteria or cells (5 million)2: Dilution factor for liquid samples [(0.5 mL sample + 0.5 mL Buffer) / 0.5 mL sample = 2]6. Representative ResultsTypical Standard Curve: y = 20.349x - 0.423, R² = 0.9971 Figure 1: Total Amino Acid Standard Curve Precautions1. Biochemical reagents are generally irritating, biologically toxic, etc. For your safety and health, please use appropriate biosafety precautions throughout the experiment, including wearing lab coats, masks, gloves, head covers, etc. Perform experiments in a fume hood or biosafety cabinet.2. This product is for research use only. Not for use in clinical diagnosis... Read More | Format:2-ComponentEnzyme:Horseradish peroxidase | Product content R669871Component50 TStorageR669871ADNase I1000 U-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669871B10×Reaction Buffer1mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. R669871CBuffer DS30 mLRTR669871DBuffer GTL15 mLRTR669871EBuffer GL25 mLRTR669871FProteinase K12.5 mgRTR669871GProteinase K Product content R669871Component50 TStorageR669871ADNase I1000 U-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R669871B10×Reaction Buffer1mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. R669871CBuffer DS30 mLRTR669871DBuffer GTL15 mLRTR669871EBuffer GL25 mLRTR669871FProteinase K12.5 mgRTR669871GProteinase K Storage Buffer1.25 mLRTR669871HBuffer RW140 mLRTR669871IBuffer RW2 (concentrate)11 mLRTR669871JRNase-Free Water10 mLRTR669871KSpin Columns RS with Collection Tubes50 setsRTR669871LRNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL)50 EART Product IntroductionThis kit is suitable for effectively purifying total RNA from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. Suitable for extracting total RNA with improved purity from paraffin embedded tissues or sections less than 30mg. This kit does not require the use of phenol/chloroform extraction or isopropanol precipitation, and can complete the extraction of multiple samples within one hour. This product uses specially optimized lysis solution and protease K to release RNA from formalin fixed or tissue slice samples without overnight operation; After digestion, the sample is incubated at a higher temperature to remove the inhibitory effect caused by formalin cross-linking, effectively releasing RNA from tissue slices and avoiding endangering RNA integrity; The optimized buffer system allows RNA in the lysis solution to specifically bind to the silica gel adsorption membrane, while other pollutants can flow through the membrane; It can be effectively removed through rinsing steps, and the washed RNA can be directly used for experiments such as RT-PCR, Real Time PCR, and Western blot analysis.Self prepared reagents: anhydrous ethanol (newly opened or dedicated for RNA extraction), 10mM PBS (pH 7.4).Preparation and important precautions before the experiment1. Add 0.625ml Protein K Storage Buffer to Protein K to dissolve it and store at -20 ℃. The prepared Protein K should not be left at room temperature for a long time to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which may affect its activity.2. To prevent RNase pollution, attention should be paid to the following aspects:1) Use RNase free plastic products and gun heads to avoid cross contamination.2) Glassware should be dry baked at a high temperature of 180 ℃ for 4 hours before use, while plastic containers can be soaked in 0.5M NaOH for 10 minutes, thoroughly rinsed with water, and then sterilized under high pressure.3) Prepare the solution using water without RNase.4) Operators should wear disposable masks and gloves, and change gloves frequently during the experiment.3. After obtaining the sample, it should be fixed in 4% -10% formalin as soon as possible, with a suitable fixation time of 14-24 hours. Excessive time can lead to RNA breakage and affect downstream experiments.4. Ensure that the sample before embedding is thoroughly dehydrated, as residual formalin will inhibit the action of Protein K.5. Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer RW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.Before use, please check if there is any crystallization or precipitation in Buffer GTL, Buffer GL, and Buffer DS. If there is any crystallization or precipitation, please dissolve Buffer GTL, Buffer GL, and Buffer DS again in a 56 ℃ water bath.Operation steps1. Sample processing1a. Paraffin embedded sample: Use a surgical knife to trim off excess paraffin from the tissue block, expose the tissue, and cut into 5-10 µ m thin slices.Attention: If the surface of the sample has already been exposed to air, please discard 2-3 pieces that come into contact with the air and do not use them.1b. Samples in fixed solutions such as formalin: Take approximately 20mg of the sample, cut it into small pieces, place it in a centrifuge tube, and add 500 µ 10mM PBS (PH7.4), vortex oscillation, centrifugation at 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 1 minute, discard the supernatant, repeat 3 times, and proceed directly to step 3.2. Choose option A or option B to remove paraffinOption AA1. Take approximately 1 × 1cm2 of slices (4-5 slices in total) and place them in a centrifuge tube (prepared by oneself), then add 500 slices µ L Buffer DS, vortex oscillation for 10 seconds. Incubate at 56 ° C for 3 minutes.Centrifuge at A2.12000 rpm for 2 minutes, be careful to discard the supernatant and avoid attracting sediment.Option BB1. Take approximately 4-5 slices of approximately 1 × 1 cm2 and place them in a centrifuge tube (self prepared). Add 1ml of xylene, cover the tube tightly, and vortex for 10 seconds.B2.Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes, be careful to remove the supernatant and avoid removing sediment.B3. Add 1ml of anhydrous ethanol, vortex and shake well. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes, discard the supernatant, and be careful not to absorb or discard the sediment.B4. Open the tube cover and incubate at room temperature or up to 37 ° C for 10 minutes until there is no ethanol residue.3. Add 150µ L Buffer GTL, resuspended precipitation; Join 10µl Protein K, vortex oscillation mixing.4.Incubate at 56 ℃ for 15 minutes until the sample is completely dissolved. Incubate at 80 ℃ for 15 minutes. Short centrifugation allows the solution on the tube wall to be collected to the bottom of the tube.Note: 1) The purpose of this step is to repair nucleic acids denatured by formaldehyde. Incubating at a high temperature or for too long may cause RNA breakage, resulting in RNA fragments.2) The sample incubated at 56 ℃ can be placed at room temperature until the temperature of the water or dry bath reaches 80 ℃, and then the sample can be incubated at 80 ℃.5. Place on ice for 3 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 15 minutes, transfer the supernatant to a new centrifuge tube, be careful not to suck sediment.6. Add 320 to the supernatant µ L Buffer GL, vortex oscillation thoroughly mixed.7. Join 720 µ Mix anhydrous ethanol thoroughly with vortex oscillation.Attention: After adding anhydrous ethanol, there may be a small amount of precipitate precipitation, but it does not affect subsequent operations.8. Add all the solutions obtained in step 7 to the spin columns RS that have been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred multiple times. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.Optional steps: If genomic DNA needs to be removed, the following steps can be followeda. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.b. Preparation of DNase I mixture: Take 52 µ Add 8 RNase Free Water to it µ 10 x Reaction Buffer and 20 µ DNase I (1U/ µ l) Mix well and prepare to a final volume of 80 µ The reaction solution of L.c. Add 80 µ l of DNase I mixture directly to the adsorption column and incubate at 20-30 ℃ for 15 minutes.d. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.9. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ Buffer RW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.10. Repeat step 9.Centrifuge at 11.12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly air dry.Note: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which will affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).12. Place the adsorption column in a new RNase free centrifuge tube, and add 20-50µl to the middle of the adsorption column in the air Place RNase Free Water at room temperature for 2-5 minutes, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect RNA solution, and store RNA at -20 ℃.Note: 1) The volume of RNase Free Water should not be less than 20 µ l. Small volume affects the recovery rate. 2) If you want to increase RNA production, you can use 20-50 µ Repeat step 12 for the new RNase Free Water.3) If you want to increase the RNA concentration, you can add the obtained solution back to the adsorption column and repeat step 12... Read More | This kit is used to extract and purify high-quality total RNA from various plants, and is also suitable for the extraction of fungal hyphal RNA. A unique Shredder separation column is used for homogenization and filtration of high viscosity plant or fungal lysates, while silica based membrane is This kit is used to extract and purify high-quality total RNA from various plants, and is also suitable for the extraction of fungal hyphal RNA. A unique Shredder separation column is used for homogenization and filtration of high viscosity plant or fungal lysates, while silica based membrane is used to adsorb RNA for purification, effectively removing various pollutants such as polysaccharides through washing. The washed RNA can be directly used in various downstream experiments. RNA with a molecular weight greater than 200 bases was extracted using this reagent kit, with high purity and almost no DNA residue. If it is an RNA experiment that is very sensitive to trace amounts of DNA, the remaining DNA can be digested and removed on a column using DNase I without RNase. The extracted RNA can be used for experiments such as Northern Blot, Dot Blot, RT-PCR, and in vitro translation. R665489Component50 TStorageR665489ABuffer RL35 mLRTR665489BBuffer RLC35 mLRTR665489CBuffer RW140 mLRTR665489DBuffer RW2 (concentrate)11 mLRTR665489ERNase-Free Water10 mLRTR665489FSpin Columns FL with Collection Tubes50 setsRTR665489GSpin Columns RM with Collection Tubes50 setsRTR665489HRNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL)50 EART Self prepared reagents:β- Mercaptoethanol, anhydrous ethanol (newly opened or dedicated for RNA extraction).Preparation and important precautions before the experiment:To prevent RNase pollution, attention should be paid to the following aspects:1) Use RNase free plastic products and gun heads to avoid cross contamination.2) Glassware should be dry baked at a high temperature of 180 ℃ for 4 hours before use, while plastic containers can be soaked in 0.5 M NaOH for 10 minutes, thoroughly rinsed with water, and then sterilized under high pressure.3) Prepare the solution using water without RNase.4) Operators should wear disposable masks and gloves, and change gloves frequently during the experiment.2. The extracted samples should avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, otherwise it will affect the quantity and quality of RNA extraction.3. Please add Buffer RL before use β- Mercaptoethanol, with a final concentration of 1%. Add 10 to 1 ml Buffer RL µ L β Mercaptoethanol. join β- The buffer RL room temperature of mercaptoethanol can be stored for one month. No need to add buffer RLC when using it β- Mercaptoethanol.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer RW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.5. If precipitation occurs in Buffer RL and Buffer RLC, please heat them to dissolve and place them at room temperature.6. All centrifugation steps should be carried out at room temperature unless otherwise specified, and all operation steps should be carried out quickly.7. If downstream experiments are highly sensitive to DNA, it is recommended to treat RNA with DNase I without RNase.Operation steps:1. Take 50-100 mg of fresh plant tissue, add liquid nitrogen and quickly grind it into powder.2. Collect the ground powder into a centrifuge tube (provided by oneself) and add 600 µ L Buffer RL (check if it is added before use) β- Sulfhydryl ethanol or Buffer RLC, vortex oscillation causes it to fully decompose.Attention:1) The main component of Buffer RL is guanidine isothiocyanate, which is suitable for the lysis of most plant tissues. However, in some plant tissues (such as corn endosperm), due to the unique secondary metabolites, guanidine isothiocyanate causes precipitation in the sample, resulting in poor RNA extraction efficiency. In this case, Buffer RLC can be added instead of Buffer RL.2) Incubating at 56 ℃ for 1-3 minutes helps with tissue lysis, but plants with high starch content should not be subjected to high-temperature incubation.3. Transfer all the liquid obtained in step 2 to the spin columns FL that have been loaded into the collection tube, centrifuge at 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 2 minutes, and transfer the supernatant from the collection tube to a new centrifuge tube (provided by oneself).Attention:1) When aspirating liquid, the tip of the gun can be cut off for easy sampling.2) Spin Columns FL can remove most of the fragments, but there will still be a small amount flowing out. After centrifugation, precipitation will form in the collection tube. When proceeding to the next step, be careful not to absorb the sediment.4. Add 0.5 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to the clean cracking solution obtained in step 3 and quickly mix well. Attention: Adding ethanol may cause precipitation, but it does not affect subsequent experiments.5. Add all the solutions obtained in step 4 to the spin columns RM that have been loaded into the collection tube. If it is not possible to add all the solutions to the adsorption column at once, please transfer them in two separate steps. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 15 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.6. Add 700 to the adsorption column µ Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid from the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube. Optional steps: If conducting RNA experiments that are highly sensitive to trace amounts of DNA, replace step 6 with the following steps.1) Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 15 seconds, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.2) Preparation of DNase I mixture: Take 52 µ Add 8 RNase Free Water to it µ 10 x Reaction Buffer and 20 µ DNase I (1 U/ µ l) Mix well and prepare to a final volume of 80 µ The reaction solution of L.Attention:The above system is configured according to our company's DNase I reaction system. Please refer to the corresponding instructions for other company products.3) Add 80 µ l of DNase I reaction solution directly to the adsorption column and incubate at 20-30 ℃ for 15 minutes.4) Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 15 seconds, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.7. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ Buffer RW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol is added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 15 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.8. Repeat step 7.Centrifuge at 9.12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes to thoroughly dry the anhydrous ethanol in the column.Attention:The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which will affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (such as enzyme digestion, PCR, etc.).10. Place the adsorption column in a new RNase free centrifuge tube, and add 30-50 to the middle of the adsorption column in the air µ Place RNase Free Water at room temperature for 1 minute, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect RNA solution, and store RNA at -70 ℃ to prevent degradation.Attention:1) The volume of RNase Free Water should not be less than 30 µ l. Small volume affects the recovery rate.2) If you want to increase RNA production, you can use 30-50 µ Repeat step 10 for the new RNase Free Water.3) If you want to increase the RNA concentration, you can add the obtained solution back to the adsorption column and repeat step 10... Read More | The Succinic Acid (Succinate) assay kit is suitable for the specific assay of succinic acid in wine, cheese, eggs, sauce and other food products. Succinic acid (or succinate) is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the The Succinic Acid (Succinate) assay kit is suitable for the specific assay of succinic acid in wine, cheese, eggs, sauce and other food products. Succinic acid (or succinate) is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle. Succinic acid concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese).Product Description： Succinic acid is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle. Succinic acid concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese). The ripening process of apples can be followed by monitoring the falling levels of succinic acid. The occurrence of > 5 mg/kg of this acid in egg and egg products is indicative of microbial contamination. Apart from use as a flavouring agent in the food and beverage industries, succinic acid finds many other non-food applications, such as in the production of dyes, drugs, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals and coolants. Preparation Instructions：Suitable for succinate determination in food, beverage, agricultural products, and other biological samples.Note for Content：The number of manual tests per kit can be doubled if all volumes are halved. This can be readily accommodated using the MegaQuantTM Wave Spectrophotometer (D-MQWAVE).Browse all of our organic acid assay kits.Principle：The Succinate Assay Kit provides a simple, one step assay for measuring succinate. In this assay succinate is converted to pyruvate which reacts with specific reagents and dye to form a colored product. The color intensity at 570 nm or fluorescencAdvantages：Extended cofactors stability. Dissolved cofactors stable for > 1 year at 4oC.Very competitive price (cost per test)All reagents stable for > 2 years as suppliedVery rapid reaction (even at room temperature)Mega-Calc™ software tool is available from our website for hassle-free raw data processingStandard includedSuitable for manual, microplate and auto-analyser formats... Read More |