An x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) is a powerful tool for chemical and elemental analysis, but the accuracy of results obtained are highly dependent on the quality of samples introduced to the system. XRF sample preparation techniques are distinguished by the form the sample takes when introduced to the system—this can be as a solid sample, a liquid sample, loose powders, pressed pellets, or fused beads. Solid and liquid samples are weighed and analyzed directly. To analyze samples as loose powders, pressed pellets, or fused beads the samples must first be ground. For loose powders, the sample is analyzed from there, but subsequent steps to press the powder into a compact pellet can increase sensitivity. Fused beads require the most effort to produce, but also deliver the highest quality results. Instruments to automate the fusion or pellet-making process can reduce preparation time and further increase accuracy and reliability.