| Description | Usually used industrially for the resolution of chiral compounds and the transesterification production of biodiesel | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.974 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3bMolecular Weight185,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionCynomolgus monkey C3 (cyno C3) is purified from pooled normal cynomolgus monkey serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.974 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3bMolecular Weight185,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionCynomolgus monkey C3 (cyno C3) is purified from pooled normal cynomolgus monkey serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995)). Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes (C3 convertases) which are bound to the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. For a brief time (~60 µs) this nascent C3b is capable of reacting with and covalently coupling to hydroxyl groups on the target surface. Carbohydrates are the favored target, but protein hydroxyls and amino groups also react. This process of tagging the target surface with C3b is called opsonization. The reactive site in nascent C3b is a thioester (Tack B.J., et al. (1980); Pangburn M.K. and MüllerEberhard H.J. (1980)) and C3b is linked to the target through a covalent ester bond (an amide bond is formed if C3b is attached to amino groups). Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface because its thioester reacts with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all three pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane. Surface-bound C3b and its breakdown products iC3b and C3d are recognized by numerous receptors on lymphoid and phagocytic cells which use the C3b ligand to stimulate antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immune system. The end result is an expansion of target-specific B-cell and T-cell populations.Physical Characteristics & StructureCynomolgus monkey C3 is an uncharacterized protein. The calculated molecular weight based on its amino acid sequence is 184,926 daltons similar to that of human C3 (185,000 daltons). Like human C3, cyno C3 is composed of two disulfide-linked chains. Analysis of purified cyno C3 by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reduced conditions shows the mobility of cyno C3 to be similar to that of human C3. Under reduced conditions, the migration of the alpha chain of cyno C3 is comparable to that of human C3 alpha chain (110,000 daltons) while the beta chain migrates slightly ahead of the human C3 beta chain (75,000daltons).The extinction coefficient of cyno C3 is calculated from its amino acid sequence using ProtParam and assumes all pairs of Cys residues form cystines (i.e. a pair of cystine molecules are joined by a disulfide bond). The theoretical pI value for cyno monkey C3 is 6.03. Employing immunoturbidimetric method the serum concentration of cyno C3 has been reported to be 1.27 mg/ml in males and 1.1 mg/ml in female monkeys (Park H-K et al., (2016)). FunctionThe biological functions of C3 are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.GeneticsCynomolgus monkey C3 chromosome location 19. The NCBI Gene ID number for Cynomolgus monkey C3 is 102131458 and UniProt accession number is A0A2K5VPN1.Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesLaw, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995) Complement 2nd Edition (ISBN 0199633568) Oxford University Press, Oxford.Tack BF, Harrison RA, Janatova J, Thomas ML, Prahl JW. (1980) Evidence for presence of an internal thiolester bond in third component of human complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 77:5764-8.Pangburn M.K. and Müller-Eberhard H.J. (1980) Relation of putative thioester bond in C3 to activation of the alternative pathway and the binding of C3b to biological targets of complement. J Exp Med. 152:1102-14.Park H-K, Cho J-W, Lee B-S, Park H, Han J-S, Yang M-J, Im W-J, Park D-Y, Kim W-J, Han SC, Kim Y-B. (2016) Reference values of clinical pathology parameters in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) used in preclinical studies. Lab Anim Res. 32(2):79-86... Read More | HIV-1 Tat Protein Peptide is a synthetic peptide that includes the sequence responsible for the cellular uptake of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein, consisting of the polycationic region 49-57. The peptide is part of the protein transduction domain (PTD) and was shown to enable the HIV-1 Tat Protein Peptide is a synthetic peptide that includes the sequence responsible for the cellular uptake of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein, consisting of the polycationic region 49-57. The peptide is part of the protein transduction domain (PTD) and was shown to enable the introduction of nucleic acids into cells... Read More | Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Receptors that recognize the Fc portion of IgG are divided into three groups designated Fc gamma RI, RII, and RIII, also known respectively as CD64, CD32, and CD16. Fc gamma RI binds IgG with high affinity Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Receptors that recognize the Fc portion of IgG are divided into three groups designated Fc gamma RI, RII, and RIII, also known respectively as CD64, CD32, and CD16. Fc gamma RI binds IgG with high affinity and functions during early immune responses. Fc gamma RII and RIII are low affinity receptors that recognize IgG as aggregates surrounding multivalent antigens during late immune responses.High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I is also known as FCGR1A, FCG1, FCGR1, CD64 and IGFR1, is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein that binds monomeric IgG-type antibodies with high affinity, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily or FCGR1 family. FCGR1A / CD64 contains 3 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains. CD64 is constitutively found on only macrophages and monocytes, but treatment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with cytokines like IFNγ and G-CSF can induce CD64 expression on these cells... Read More | Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Protease that catalyzes two essential functions in the SUMO pathway: processing of full-length SMT3 to its mature form and deconjugation of SMT3 from targeted proteins. Has an essential role in the G2/M Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Protease that catalyzes two essential functions in the SUMO pathway: processing of full-length SMT3 to its mature form and deconjugation of SMT3 from targeted proteins. Has an essential role in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Probable centromere protein from the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Similar to yeast Smt3p-specific protease, degrades conjugated ubiquitin-like protein [S. pombe]... Read More |