| Description | Inquire | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 10.16 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3Molecular Weight187,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionRat C3 is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, KProtein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 10.16 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3Molecular Weight187,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionRat C3 is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995)). Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes (C3 convertases) which are bound to the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. For a brief time (~60 µs) this nascent C3b is capable of reacting with and covalently coupling to hydroxyl groups on the target surface. Carbohydrates are the favored target, but protein hydroxyls and amino groups also react. This process of tagging the target surface with C3b is called opsonization. The reactive site in nascent C3b is a thioester (Tack B.J., et al. (1980); Pangburn M.K. and MüllerEberhard H.J. (1980)) and C3b is linked to the target through a covalent ester bond (an amide bond is formed if C3b is attached to amino groups). Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface because its thioester reacts with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all three pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane. Surface-bound C3b and its breakdown products iC3b and C3d are recognized by numerous receptors on lymphoid and phagocytic cells which use the C3b ligand to stimulate antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immune system. The end result is an expansion of target-specific B-cell and T-cell populations.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe calculated molecular weight of rat C3 based on its amino acid sequence is 184,111daltons (without the signal peptide) and is similar to that of human C3 (185,000 daltons).The molecular weight of rat C3 as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been reported by Daha, M.R. et al., (1979) to be 187,000 daltons composed of two disulfide linked chains, alpha chain (123,000 daltons) and beta chain (76,000 daltons). The extinction coefficient of rat C3 (E1%/280nm = 10.16) is calculated based on its amino acid sequence using ProtParam and assumes all pairs of Cys residues form cystines (i.e. a pair of cysteine molecules are joined by a disulfide bond). The theoretical pI of rat C3 is 6.12. The normal plasma concentration of C3 inWistar rats has been reported to be 0.581mg/ml (Daha, M.R. et al., (1979)).FunctionThe biological functions of C3 are described above in the General Description section.GeneticsRat C3 chromosome location 9. The NCBI Gene ID number for rat C3 is 24232 and UniProt accession number is P01026.Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesLaw, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995) Complement 2nd Edition (ISBN 0199633568) Oxford University Press, Oxford.Tack BF, Harrison RA, Janatova J, Thomas ML, Prahl JW. (1980) Evidence for presence of an internal thiolester bond in third component of human complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 77:5764-8.Pangburn M.K. and Müller-Eberhard H.J. (1980) Relation of putative thioester bond in C3 to activation of the alternative pathway and the binding of C3b to biological targets of complement. J Exp Med. 152:1102-14.Daha MR, Stuffers-Heiman M, Kijlstra A and Van ES LA. (1979) Isolation and characterization of the third component of rat complement. Immunology 36:63-70... Read More | MAP kinase substrate (MBP) is a peptide substrate for ERK 1 and ERK 2 MAP kinases. Sequence contains amino acids 95-98 of myelin basic protein (MBP) including Thr 97 within the Pro-X-Ser/Thr-Pro MAP kinase substrate consensus sequence phosphorylation site.MAP kinase substrate (MBP)is a peptide MAP kinase substrate (MBP) is a peptide substrate for ERK 1 and ERK 2 MAP kinases. Sequence contains amino acids 95-98 of myelin basic protein (MBP) including Thr 97 within the Pro-X-Ser/Thr-Pro MAP kinase substrate consensus sequence phosphorylation site.MAP kinase substrate (MBP)is a peptide substrate for ERK 1 and ERK 2 MAP kinases... Read More | Ribonuclease T1 is an endoribonuclease, highly specific for the cleavage of RNA or deaminated RNA between guanosine 3'-phosphate residues (or inosine 3'-phosphate) and the 5'-OH residues of adjacent nucleotides with the formation of the corresponding intermediate 2', 3'-cyclic phosphates. It cleavesRibonuclease T1 is an endoribonuclease, highly specific for the cleavage of RNA or deaminated RNA between guanosine 3'-phosphate residues (or inosine 3'-phosphate) and the 5'-OH residues of adjacent nucleotides with the formation of the corresponding intermediate 2', 3'-cyclic phosphates. It cleaves single-stranded RNA releasing oligonucleotides from the guanosine 3'-phosphate termini. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 11 kDa. The optimum pH is 7.5. RNase T1 is inhibited by Ag+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ at 1 X 10-3 M. The stimulatory effects of both histidine and EDTA are attributed to chelation of contaminating inhibitor cations. The enzyme assay is essentially the method of Egami et al., Prog. in Nucleic Acid Res. and Molec. Biol., III, 59 (1964) based upon the release of acid soluble oligonucleotides following the digestion of yeast RNA.Ribonuclease T1 (RNase T1) from Aspergillus oryzae is used to digest denatured RNA prior to sequencing and is used for protein folding studies. ApplicationRibonuclease T1 has extensive applications in molecular cloning and DNA sequencing. Because of its specificity it has been a commonly used cleavage enzyme for the determination of structure, nearest neighbor frequencies, and RNA sequencing. The enzyme has further application in the preparation of nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphates, the synthesis of oligonucleotides, and the removal of RNA from DNA preparations. The enzyme is also used as a non-mammalian source of RNase in various applications... Read More | This reagent kit is based on TRIzon's improved columnar total RNA extraction kit. This product can be extracted from animal groupsExtract total RNA from samples such as textiles, plant materials, various microorganisms, and cultured cells. Firstly, the cracking solution is fully cracked This reagent kit is based on TRIzon's improved columnar total RNA extraction kit. This product can be extracted from animal groupsExtract total RNA from samples such as textiles, plant materials, various microorganisms, and cultured cells. Firstly, the cracking solution is fully cracked andHomogenized samples, in their unique high salt state, RNA specifically binds to silicon matrix membranes, greatly reducingEffectively removing organic solvent contamination while removing protein contamination, resulting in higher purity and quality of RNA. bookThe product can quickly extract total RNA from various cells or tissues, and can process 30-50 mg of tissue or 5 × 10 ⁶ cells each time,Can handle multiple different samples simultaneously. If it is an RNA experiment that is very sensitive to trace amounts of DNA, the residual DNA can be utilizedUsing DNase without RNase for digestion and removal on the column, the extracted RNA can be directly applied to RT-PCR Experiments such as Northern Blot, Dot Blot, and in vitro translation. U665516 Component 50 T Storage U665516A DNase I 1000 U -20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. U665516B 10×Reaction Buffer 1000 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. U665516C TRIzon Reagent 60 mL 2-8℃. Protect from light. U665516D TRIzon PaI™ 10 mL 2-8℃. Protect from light. U665516E Buffer RW1 40 mL RT U665516F Buffer RW2 (concentrate) 11 mL RT U665516G RNase-Free Water 10 mL RT U665516H Spin Columns RM with Collection Tubes 50 sets RT U665516I RNase-Free Centrifuge Tubes (1.5 mL) 50 EA RTPreparation and important precautions before the experiment:1.To prevent RNase pollution, attention should be paid to the following aspects:1) RNase's plastic products and gun heads to avoid cross contamination.2) Prepare the solution using water without RNase.3) Operators should wear disposable masks and gloves, and change gloves frequently during the experiment.2. The sample should avoid repeated freezing and thawing, otherwise it will affect the yield and quality of RNA extraction.3. If TRIzon Reagent is found to have precipitates before use, it can be dissolved in a water bath at 56 ℃ for a few minutes.Before the first use, anhydrous ethanol should be added to Buffer RW2 according to the instructions on the reagent bottle label.5. All centrifugation steps should be carried out at room temperature unless otherwise specified, and all operation steps should be carried out quickly.Usage：1. Sample processing1a. Organization: 30-50 mg of tissue is thoroughly ground in liquid nitrogen and 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent is added, or 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent is added to the tissue sample and homogenized. Attention: The sample volume should not exceed 10% of the volume of TRIzon Reagent.2a. Single layer cell culture: Remove the culture medium and add an appropriate amount every 10 cm ² Add 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent.3a. Cell suspension: Collect cells by centrifugation. Add 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent to every 5 × 10 µ m cell.2. After adding TRIzon Reagent, repeatedly blow a few times to fully crack the sample. Leave at room temperature for 5 minutes to completely separate the protein nucleic acid complex.3. Add 200 to every 1 mL of TRIzon Reagent µ LTRIzon PaI ™， Cover the tube tightly, vigorously shake for 15 seconds, and let it sit at room temperature for 2 minutes.4. Centrifuge at 4 ℃ 12000 rpm (~13400 × g) for 10 minutes. At this time, the sample is divided into three layers: the red organic phase, the middle layer, and the upper colorless aqueous phase. RNA is mainly in the upper aqueous phase. Move the upper aqueous phase to a new RNase Free centrifuge tube (provided).5. Add an equal volume of 70% ethanol (prepared without RNase water) to the obtained aqueous solution, invert and mix well.6. Add all the solutions obtained in the previous step to the spin columns RM that have been loaded into the collection tube. If the solution cannot be added at once, it can be transferred in multiple batches. Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 20 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.7. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 20 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.8. Preparation of DNase I mixture: Take 52 µ LRNase Free Water, add 8 to it µ L 10 x Reaction Buffer and 20 µ L DNase I (1 U/ µ L) Mix well and prepare to a final volume of 80 µ The reaction solution of L.9. Directly add 80 µ L DNase I mixture to the adsorption column and incubate at 20-30 ℃ for 15 minutes.10. Add 350 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW1, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, discard the waste liquid, and place the adsorption column back into the recovery manifold.11. Add 500 to the adsorption column µ L Buffer RW2 (check if anhydrous ethanol has been added before use), centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 20 seconds, discard the waste liquid in the collection tube, and place the adsorption column back into the collection tube.12. Repeat step 11.Centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes and discard the waste liquid from the collection tube. Place the adsorption column at room temperature for a few minutes and thoroughly air dry. Attention: The purpose of this step is to remove residual ethanol from the adsorption column, which will affect subsequent enzymatic reactions (enzyme digestion,. )PCR, etc.14. Place the adsorption column in a new RNase free centrifuge tube and add 30-50 to the middle of the adsorption column µ Place RNase Free Water at room temperature for 1 minute, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 1 minute, collect RNA solution, and store RNA at -70 ℃ to prevent degradation.Attention:1) The volume of RNase Free Water should not be less than 30 µ L. Small volume affects the recovery rate.2) If you want to increase RNA production, you can use 30-50 µ Repeat step 14 for the new RNase Free Water.3) If you want to increase the RNA concentration, you can add the obtained solution back to the adsorption column and repeat step 14... Read More |