| Description | Product Characteristics Effect Diluents, Animal-free are effective buffers free of any animal components. They can be used for the dilution of serum, plasma, blood, stool or urine samples, as well as the dilution of primary and secondary antibodies. Effect Diluents, Animal-free efficiently minimize Product Characteristics Effect Diluents, Animal-free are effective buffers free of any animal components. They can be used for the dilution of serum, plasma, blood, stool or urine samples, as well as the dilution of primary and secondary antibodies. Effect Diluents, Animal-free efficiently minimize matrix effects, cross-reactions and unspecific binding in immunoassays like ELISA, Western blotting, Immunohistochemistry, protein arrays and immuno-PCR.The Effect Diluents, Animal-free are used alternatively to the standard sample or antibody dilution buffers: In ELISA for the dilution of specimen and detection antibodies. In Western Blotting for the dilution of primary and secondary antibodies. In Protein arrays for the dilution of specimen and detection antibodies. In immuno-PCR as a washing buffer.Three versions of the diluent are offered: Low, Medium and High for optimal discrimination between specific and unspecific reaction and for minimizing strong interference effects e.g., by RF (rheumatoid factors), HAMAs (human-a-mouse Abs) or by endogenous components that bind and mask the analyte.Composition & Properties The Effect Diluents, Animal free contain no animal components and are free of phosphates.Working Procedure 1.Mix thoroughly prior to use. 2.Dilution recommendations a.Dilute antibodies according to the instruction of the antibody b.Dilution of the specimen is recommended at 1:2 or higherTips & TricksEffect Diluents must not be considered as blocking buffers. Recommended blocking buffers are: Synthetic Blocking Buffer, ELISA (cat. no. S494401), Synthetic Blocking Buffer, Blotting (cat. no. S494457) and WellChampion (cat. no. W494467) for plate blocking and stabilization (preparation of pre-coated plates). Complex sample matrices, such as serum and plasma, may contain interfering factors that affect the ability of the assay to accurately quantify the target analyte. Strong interferences are often caused by RFs and HAMAs. This matrix effect can cause high background in the negative control or false negatives in the sample measurement. To reduce this effect the samples can be diluted in the Effect Diluents, Animalfree.Handling & Storage Store solution 2-8°C or -15 to -30°C (tolerates freezing and thawing cycles)... Read More | Inquire | Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (MOG (35-55)) TFA is a minor component of CNS myelin. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat TFA has encephalitogenic activity and induces T cell proliferative. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (MOG (35-55)) TFA is a minor component of CNS myelin. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat TFA has encephalitogenic activity and induces T cell proliferative. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat TFA induces Th1 cytokine response as well as relatively high levels of IgG antibodies. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat TFA produces a relapsing-remitting neurological disease with extensive plaque-like demyelination... Read More | Reverse transcriptases are enzymes encoded in retroviruses viral genome. The enzyme is responsible for transcription of the viral RNA to produce a dsDNA that can be inserted into the host genome.Reverse transcriptases are multifunctional enzymes. These enzymes exhibit an RNA and DNA directed Reverse transcriptases are enzymes encoded in retroviruses viral genome. The enzyme is responsible for transcription of the viral RNA to produce a dsDNA that can be inserted into the host genome.Reverse transcriptases are multifunctional enzymes. These enzymes exhibit an RNA and DNA directed polymerase activity. In addition reverse transcriptases catalyze the degradation of RNA in an RNA-DNA hybrid. The exonucleolytic activity proceeds in a 5' ---> 3' direction. The RNA or DNA directed activity requires a template (RNA or DNA) and a primer. The following is a schematic illustration of the reaction:Unit definition: One unit incorporates 1 nanomole of tritiated dTMP into acid insoluble productsusing poly(A)•oligo(dT) 12-18 as the template-primer in 20 minutes at 37° C.ApplicationsHIV reverse transcriptase is used for research on the AIDS primer. However it can be substituted for AMV reverse transcriptase, which is mainly used to transcribe mRNA into double stranded cDNA, that can be inserted into prokaryotic vectors. The enzyme can also be used with either single stranded DNA or RNA templates to make probes for use in hybridization experiments. It can be used for labeling the termini of DNA fragments with protruding 5' termini. The enzyme can also be used to sequence DNAs by the dideoxy chain termination method of Sanger when the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, or the T7 DNA polymerase yield unsatisfactory results.Reagents0.05 M Tris, pH 8.3, containing 0.008 M MgCl21 mg/ml polyadenylic acid in water (poly A)DNA primer:Oligo d(T)12-181 µ mole dTTP/mL stock solution[methyl-3H]-Thymidine 5'-triphosphate (3H-dTTP)dTTP-3H-dTTP working mix: Add 1-2 µL 3H-dTTP per mL of 100 nmol/mL dTTP in order to obtain 1 to 1.5 x 105 cpm/mL1% bovine serum albumin10% perchloric acid1% perchloric acidBuffer substrate reaction mixture: Prepare fresh, immediately before use:For each 1mL of reaction mixture required mix:0.7 mL Tris/HCl, pH 8.3, 0.008M MgCl20.3 mL 1 mg/mL poly(A) RNA template0.005 mL 0.02 mg/mL oligo d(T)12-18 DNA primer0.02mL 1% BSAEnzymedilute as needed wtih 0.05M Tris/HCl, pH 8.3, 0.008M MgCl2 containing 0.1 mg/mL (1%) BSAProcedurePipette into each tube as follows:Buffer substrate mix：0.1 mLdTTP-3H3-dTTP：0.1 mLEnzyme：5-10 µLIncubate 20 minutes at 37° C. Stop reaction by adding 1 ml 10% cold perchloric acid. Filter through 0.2µ manifold filters used with Millipore vacuum manifold. Wash four times using 2mL 1% cold perchloric acid/wash. Transfer filter to scintillation vials. Add 2mL Cellosolve (or 2-methoxyethanol) to dissolve filter. Filters become opaque upon addition of Cellosolve. Make sure filters are dissolved before proceeding. Add 10mL scintillation cocktail and count.Calculation... Read More | IFN-αs are proteins secreted by leukocyte. They are mainly involved in innate immune response against viral infection. The IFN-α family has 13 subtypes and 23 different variants. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166IFN-αs are proteins secreted by leukocyte. They are mainly involved in innate immune response against viral infection. The IFN-α family has 13 subtypes and 23 different variants. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-α subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-alpha subtypes differ in their sequences at only one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also include proteins truncated by 10 amino acids at the carboxy-terminal end... Read More |