| Description | Product InfoAssays employing crude extracts for topo II activity based upon relaxation of supercoiled DNA can be complicated due to the presence of topo I in partially purified fractions. Additional complications arise with contaminating nuclease activity (due to Mg++) which degrade or nick the Product InfoAssays employing crude extracts for topo II activity based upon relaxation of supercoiled DNA can be complicated due to the presence of topo I in partially purified fractions. Additional complications arise with contaminating nuclease activity (due to Mg++) which degrade or nick the supercoiled substrate. These problems can be avoided by using a catenated DNA substrate prepared from the kinetoplast of the insect trypanosome Crithidia fasciculata. Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) is an aggregate of interlocked DNA minicircles (mostly 2.5 kb) that form extremely large networks of high molecular weight. As a result, these networks fail to enter an agarose gel. Upon incubation with topo II, which engages DNA in a double stranded breaking and reunion cycle, minicircular DNAs are effectively released (decatenated). The decatenated minicircles move rapidly into the gel owing to their small size. This reaction will not occur with topoisomerase I. The products of the reaction can vary as follows:Quality Control Tests:For catenated KDNA substrate, at least 90% of the DNA will be retained in the well of a 1% agarose gel.Decatenation of each batch of Kinetoplast DNA is tested with purified topoisomerase II.Storage Buffer:kDNA is stored in 10 mM Tris-Cl (pH 7.5), and 1 mM EDTA at the concentration specified with the product.DescriptionkDNA is the ideal substrate for topoisomerase II assays because it is specific for type II reaction mechanisms. Researchers can even assay for a type II enzyme in the presence of large excess of topoisomerase I. Thus, kDNA works well to quantify type II activity in crude cell extracts, which are frequently overloaded with topoisomerase I. The kDNA substrate works exceptionally well with human Top 2a and b as well as prokaryotic enzymes, such as DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV. Shipping&storagekDNA should be stored at 4°C; however, long term storage at -20°C is acceptable. The DNA is usually shipped at ambient temperature... Read More | Biochemical Test:SDS-PAGE (purity > 80%); Western blot with patient sample.Calculated Isoelectric Point:pH 6.10 | Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Involved in the high-affinity maltose membrane transport system MalEFGK. Initial receptor for the active transport of and chemotaxis toward maltooligosaccharides.Epitope tagging offers an easy and universalPurity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Involved in the high-affinity maltose membrane transport system MalEFGK. Initial receptor for the active transport of and chemotaxis toward maltooligosaccharides.Epitope tagging offers an easy and universal strategy for the identification and purification of proteins derived by recombinant DNA technology. The insertion of a Maltose Binding Protein (MBP) tag creates a stable fusion product that does not interfere with the bioactivity of the protein or with the biodistribution of the MBP tagged product... Read More | Inquire | Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：SOD2 is part of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. It encodes a mitochondrial protein that forms a homotetramer and binds one manganese ion per subunit. SOD2 binds to the superoxide byproducts Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：SOD2 is part of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. It encodes a mitochondrial protein that forms a homotetramer and binds one manganese ion per subunit. SOD2 binds to the superoxide byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation and converts them to hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen. Mutations in SOD2 gene have been associated with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (IDC), premature aging, sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer. SOD2 destroys radicals which are usually produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems... Read More |