| Description | Aprotinin is a single chain polypeptide (58 amino-acids) crosslinked by three disulfide bridges, showing competitive and reversible inhibiton of proteolytic and esterolytic activity. Aprotinin forms stable complexes and blocks the active sites of serine protease enzymes. Binding is reversible with Aprotinin is a single chain polypeptide (58 amino-acids) crosslinked by three disulfide bridges, showing competitive and reversible inhibiton of proteolytic and esterolytic activity. Aprotinin forms stable complexes and blocks the active sites of serine protease enzymes. Binding is reversible with most aprotinin-protease complexes dissociating at pH >10 or < 3 (optimum pH 5-7); effective concentration is equimolar with protease. Used as a proteolytic inhibitor in radioimmunoassays of polypeptide hormones.Aprotinin is largely used as an inhibitor of trypsin... Read More | Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) is a naturally occurring tripeptide that is first isolated from human plasma but can also be found in saliva and urine. During wound healing, Copper tripeptide can be removed from existing extracellular proteins by protein hydrolysis and used as a chemical lure for Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) is a naturally occurring tripeptide that is first isolated from human plasma but can also be found in saliva and urine. During wound healing, Copper tripeptide can be removed from existing extracellular proteins by protein hydrolysis and used as a chemical lure for inflammatory and endothelial cells. Copper tripeptide can increase the production of messenger RNA in collagen, elastin, protein polysaccharides and glycosamine polysaccharides in fibroblasts. Copper tripeptide is a natural regulator of many cellular pathways in skin regeneration... Read More | Inquire | Product Application：Isoelectric point: 7.2 (Maehly 1955).Inhibitors: Horseradish peroxidase is reversibly inhibited by cyanide and sulfide at a concentration of 10-5 M (Theorell 1951).Specificity: The enzyme exhibits a high specificity. Activity is observed with H2O2, MeOOH, and EtOOH (MaehlyProduct Application：Isoelectric point: 7.2 (Maehly 1955).Inhibitors: Horseradish peroxidase is reversibly inhibited by cyanide and sulfide at a concentration of 10-5 M (Theorell 1951).Specificity: The enzyme exhibits a high specificity. Activity is observed with H2O2, MeOOH, and EtOOH (Maehly and Chance 1954). See also Chmielnicka et al. (1971) and Morrison and Bayse (1973)... Read More | Purity> 95 % by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.FunctionPromotes cell proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Appears to play a role in wound healing by up-regulating, in skin fibroblasts, the expression of a number of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and matrix Purity> 95 % by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.FunctionPromotes cell proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Appears to play a role in wound healing by up-regulating, in skin fibroblasts, the expression of a number of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and matrix remodeling including VEGA-A, VEGA-C, MMP1, MMP3, TIMP1, uPA, PAI-1 and integrins alpha-3 and alpha-5. CYR61-mediated gene regulation is dependent on heparin-binding. Down-regulates the expression of alpha-1 and alpha-2 subunits of collagen type-1. Promotes cell adhesion and adhesive signaling through integrin alpha-6/beta-1, cell migration through integrin alpha-v/beta-5 and cell proliferation through integrin alpha-v/beta-3.Banckground:Cyr61, also known as CCN1, is a 40-45 kDa matricellular glycoprotein that plays an important role in cellular adhesion and migration (1). Cyr61 consists of an IGFBP domain, a VWF type C domain, a TSP type I domain, and a cysteine knot domain (2). Mature human Cyr61 shares 93% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat Cyr61. It is widely expressed during development and in adult tissues (2, 3). Cyr61 associates with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and with many cell surface molecules including Integrins alpha V beta 3, alpha V beta 5, alpha M beta 2, and alpha 6 beta 1, Syndecan-4, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (1, 3). Cyr61 mediates the adhesion and migration of multiple cell types and also promotes vascular endothelial cell tubule formation (4-6). Plasmin cleavage of ECM-bound Cyr61 releases a 28 kDa N-terminal fragment which retains the ability to promote endothelial cell migration (7). Cyr61 exhibits both tumorigenic and tumor suppressor properties. It is up-regulated and promotes tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis in breast, renal, gastric, squamous cell, and colorectal carcinomas as well as in glioma (8-12). In contrast, whendown-regulated, it suppresses tumor growth in endometrial, hepatic, and non-small cell lung cancers (8, 13, 14). Cyr61 is also up-regulated in injured skin and bone where it induces the expression of growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and integrins involved in wound repair (15, 16)... Read More |