| Description | Hemokinin 1 (mouse) is a selective agonist of neurokinin-1 receptor, with K i of 0.175 nM and 560 nM for human NK1 receptor and human NK2 receptor, respectively.In VitroHemokinin 1 (mouse) (1 nM-3 µM) produces concentration-dependent contraction of RUB averaging 66±3% (n=6) of Hemokinin 1 (mouse) is a selective agonist of neurokinin-1 receptor, with K i of 0.175 nM and 560 nM for human NK1 receptor and human NK2 receptor, respectively.In VitroHemokinin 1 (mouse) (1 nM-3 µM) produces concentration-dependent contraction of RUB averaging 66±3% (n=6) of the maximal contraction produced by KCl (80 mM). Hemokinin 1 (mouse) (10 nM-10 µM) induces a quickly-developing contractile responses of GPI, as does the tachykinin NK3 receptor selective agonist senktide or neurokinin B (NKB). Hemokinin 1 (mouse) induces full agonist responses but with a 500 fold lower potency as compared to NKB. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.In VivoHemokinin 1 (mouse) (0.01-100 nmol/kg i.v., n=10) induces a dose-related hypotension that is maximal at the dose of 10 nmol/kg. For systolic blood pressure (SBP), the ED 50 value is 0.2 nmol/kg (0.1-0.4 nmol/kg) for Hemokinin 1 (mouse). For diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the ED 50 value is 0.1 nmol/kg (0.07-0.2 nmol/kg) for Hemokinin 1 (mouse). Hemokinin 1 (mouse) (0.1-100 nmol/kg, i.v.) induces a dose-related salivary secretion in atropine-pretreated rats. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.Form:SolidIC50& Target:Ki: 0.175 nM (Human NK1 receptor), 560 nM (Human NK2 receptor)... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.974 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3bMolecular Weight185,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionCynomolgus monkey C3 (cyno C3) is purified from pooled normal cynomolgus monkey serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.974 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3bMolecular Weight185,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionCynomolgus monkey C3 (cyno C3) is purified from pooled normal cynomolgus monkey serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995)). Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes (C3 convertases) which are bound to the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. For a brief time (~60 µs) this nascent C3b is capable of reacting with and covalently coupling to hydroxyl groups on the target surface. Carbohydrates are the favored target, but protein hydroxyls and amino groups also react. This process of tagging the target surface with C3b is called opsonization. The reactive site in nascent C3b is a thioester (Tack B.J., et al. (1980); Pangburn M.K. and MüllerEberhard H.J. (1980)) and C3b is linked to the target through a covalent ester bond (an amide bond is formed if C3b is attached to amino groups). Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface because its thioester reacts with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all three pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane. Surface-bound C3b and its breakdown products iC3b and C3d are recognized by numerous receptors on lymphoid and phagocytic cells which use the C3b ligand to stimulate antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immune system. The end result is an expansion of target-specific B-cell and T-cell populations.Physical Characteristics & StructureCynomolgus monkey C3 is an uncharacterized protein. The calculated molecular weight based on its amino acid sequence is 184,926 daltons similar to that of human C3 (185,000 daltons). Like human C3, cyno C3 is composed of two disulfide-linked chains. Analysis of purified cyno C3 by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reduced conditions shows the mobility of cyno C3 to be similar to that of human C3. Under reduced conditions, the migration of the alpha chain of cyno C3 is comparable to that of human C3 alpha chain (110,000 daltons) while the beta chain migrates slightly ahead of the human C3 beta chain (75,000daltons).The extinction coefficient of cyno C3 is calculated from its amino acid sequence using ProtParam and assumes all pairs of Cys residues form cystines (i.e. a pair of cystine molecules are joined by a disulfide bond). The theoretical pI value for cyno monkey C3 is 6.03. Employing immunoturbidimetric method the serum concentration of cyno C3 has been reported to be 1.27 mg/ml in males and 1.1 mg/ml in female monkeys (Park H-K et al., (2016)). FunctionThe biological functions of C3 are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.GeneticsCynomolgus monkey C3 chromosome location 19. The NCBI Gene ID number for Cynomolgus monkey C3 is 102131458 and UniProt accession number is A0A2K5VPN1.Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesLaw, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995) Complement 2nd Edition (ISBN 0199633568) Oxford University Press, Oxford.Tack BF, Harrison RA, Janatova J, Thomas ML, Prahl JW. (1980) Evidence for presence of an internal thiolester bond in third component of human complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 77:5764-8.Pangburn M.K. and Müller-Eberhard H.J. (1980) Relation of putative thioester bond in C3 to activation of the alternative pathway and the binding of C3b to biological targets of complement. J Exp Med. 152:1102-14.Park H-K, Cho J-W, Lee B-S, Park H, Han J-S, Yang M-J, Im W-J, Park D-Y, Kim W-J, Han SC, Kim Y-B. (2016) Reference values of clinical pathology parameters in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) used in preclinical studies. Lab Anim Res. 32(2):79-86... Read More | Usually used industrially for the resolution of chiral compounds and the transesterification production of biodiesel | Purified pectinase is a multi-component preparation highly effective in depolymerizing plant pectins with varying degrees of esterification. The product contains substantial hemicellulase, cellulase, pectinesterase and xylanase activities which together with pectin lyase and polygalacturonase work Purified pectinase is a multi-component preparation highly effective in depolymerizing plant pectins with varying degrees of esterification. The product contains substantial hemicellulase, cellulase, pectinesterase and xylanase activities which together with pectin lyase and polygalacturonase work synergistically to digest plant cell wall tissues. When used with Worthington purified cellulase, purified pectinase has been found to be highly successful for generating good yields of viable protoplasts in several plant systems, e.g., corn, soybean, red beet, sunflower, tomato and citrus. In general, a concentration range of 0.1% to 0.5% pectinase (with accompanying 0.5% to 1.5% cellulase) used at 24°C to 37°C for periods of 1 to 16 hours will yield good results... Read More | Purity> 95 % by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.FunctionPromotes cell proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Appears to play a role in wound healing by up-regulating, in skin fibroblasts, the expression of a number of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and matrix Purity> 95 % by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.FunctionPromotes cell proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Appears to play a role in wound healing by up-regulating, in skin fibroblasts, the expression of a number of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and matrix remodeling including VEGA-A, VEGA-C, MMP1, MMP3, TIMP1, uPA, PAI-1 and integrins alpha-3 and alpha-5. CYR61-mediated gene regulation is dependent on heparin-binding. Down-regulates the expression of alpha-1 and alpha-2 subunits of collagen type-1. Promotes cell adhesion and adhesive signaling through integrin alpha-6/beta-1, cell migration through integrin alpha-v/beta-5 and cell proliferation through integrin alpha-v/beta-3.Banckground:Cyr61, also known as CCN1, is a 40-45 kDa matricellular glycoprotein that plays an important role in cellular adhesion and migration (1). Cyr61 consists of an IGFBP domain, a VWF type C domain, a TSP type I domain, and a cysteine knot domain (2). Mature human Cyr61 shares 93% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat Cyr61. It is widely expressed during development and in adult tissues (2, 3). Cyr61 associates with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and with many cell surface molecules including Integrins alpha V beta 3, alpha V beta 5, alpha M beta 2, and alpha 6 beta 1, Syndecan-4, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (1, 3). Cyr61 mediates the adhesion and migration of multiple cell types and also promotes vascular endothelial cell tubule formation (4-6). Plasmin cleavage of ECM-bound Cyr61 releases a 28 kDa N-terminal fragment which retains the ability to promote endothelial cell migration (7). Cyr61 exhibits both tumorigenic and tumor suppressor properties. It is up-regulated and promotes tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis in breast, renal, gastric, squamous cell, and colorectal carcinomas as well as in glioma (8-12). In contrast, whendown-regulated, it suppresses tumor growth in endometrial, hepatic, and non-small cell lung cancers (8, 13, 14). Cyr61 is also up-regulated in injured skin and bone where it induces the expression of growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and integrins involved in wound repair (15, 16)... Read More |