| Description | IRE1α kinase-IN-1 is a highly selective IRE1α (ERN1) inhibitor, with an IC 50 of 77 nM. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 displays 100-fold selectivity for IRE1α over the IRE1β isoform. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 inhibits ER stress-induced IRE1α oligomerization and autophosphorylation, andIRE1α kinase-IN-1 is a highly selective IRE1α (ERN1) inhibitor, with an IC 50 of 77 nM. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 displays 100-fold selectivity for IRE1α over the IRE1β isoform. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 inhibits ER stress-induced IRE1α oligomerization and autophosphorylation, and also inhibits IRE1α RNase activity (IC 50 =80 nM).In VitroIRE1α kinase-IN-1 (compound 31) prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced IRE1α oligomerization and phosphorylation, and inhibits endoribonuclease activity in human cells. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 and is very high selectivity with >70% inhibition of only 4/455 kinases. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 inhibits recombinant G547 IRE1α KEN domain pS274 autophosphorylation with an IC 50 of 160 nM. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 inhibits tunicamycin-induced GFP-IRE1α foci in HEK293 cells with an IC 50 of 0.74 µM. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 Inhibits ATP-site LanthaScreen tracer binding to recombinant dephosphorylated G547 IRE1α KEN with an IC 50 of 0.27 µM. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 inhibits both tunicamycin- and thapsigargin-induced IRE1α-dependent splicing of XBP1 luciferase fusion mRNA in HEK293 cells with IC 50 s ranging 0.68-1.63 µM. IRE1α kinase-IN-1 (0-20 µM) inhibits IRE1α-dependent XBP1s mRNA expression in H929 cells.IRE1α kinase-IN-1 (0-20 µM) dose-dependently inhibits tunicamycin-induced expression of XBP1s in NCI-H929 cells. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.Form:Solid... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 10.16 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3Molecular Weight187,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionRat C3 is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, KProtein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 10.16 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3Molecular Weight187,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionRat C3 is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995)). Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes (C3 convertases) which are bound to the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. For a brief time (~60 µs) this nascent C3b is capable of reacting with and covalently coupling to hydroxyl groups on the target surface. Carbohydrates are the favored target, but protein hydroxyls and amino groups also react. This process of tagging the target surface with C3b is called opsonization. The reactive site in nascent C3b is a thioester (Tack B.J., et al. (1980); Pangburn M.K. and MüllerEberhard H.J. (1980)) and C3b is linked to the target through a covalent ester bond (an amide bond is formed if C3b is attached to amino groups). Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface because its thioester reacts with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all three pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane. Surface-bound C3b and its breakdown products iC3b and C3d are recognized by numerous receptors on lymphoid and phagocytic cells which use the C3b ligand to stimulate antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immune system. The end result is an expansion of target-specific B-cell and T-cell populations.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe calculated molecular weight of rat C3 based on its amino acid sequence is 184,111daltons (without the signal peptide) and is similar to that of human C3 (185,000 daltons).The molecular weight of rat C3 as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been reported by Daha, M.R. et al., (1979) to be 187,000 daltons composed of two disulfide linked chains, alpha chain (123,000 daltons) and beta chain (76,000 daltons). The extinction coefficient of rat C3 (E1%/280nm = 10.16) is calculated based on its amino acid sequence using ProtParam and assumes all pairs of Cys residues form cystines (i.e. a pair of cysteine molecules are joined by a disulfide bond). The theoretical pI of rat C3 is 6.12. The normal plasma concentration of C3 inWistar rats has been reported to be 0.581mg/ml (Daha, M.R. et al., (1979)).FunctionThe biological functions of C3 are described above in the General Description section.GeneticsRat C3 chromosome location 9. The NCBI Gene ID number for rat C3 is 24232 and UniProt accession number is P01026.Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesLaw, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995) Complement 2nd Edition (ISBN 0199633568) Oxford University Press, Oxford.Tack BF, Harrison RA, Janatova J, Thomas ML, Prahl JW. (1980) Evidence for presence of an internal thiolester bond in third component of human complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 77:5764-8.Pangburn M.K. and Müller-Eberhard H.J. (1980) Relation of putative thioester bond in C3 to activation of the alternative pathway and the binding of C3b to biological targets of complement. J Exp Med. 152:1102-14.Daha MR, Stuffers-Heiman M, Kijlstra A and Van ES LA. (1979) Isolation and characterization of the third component of rat complement. Immunology 36:63-70... Read More | Inquire | Inquire | Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Protease that catalyzes two essential functions in the SUMO pathway: processing of full-length SMT3 to its mature form and deconjugation of SMT3 from targeted proteins. Has an essential role in the G2/M Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Protease that catalyzes two essential functions in the SUMO pathway: processing of full-length SMT3 to its mature form and deconjugation of SMT3 from targeted proteins. Has an essential role in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Probable centromere protein from the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Similar to yeast Smt3p-specific protease, degrades conjugated ubiquitin-like protein [S. pombe]... Read More |