| Description | Inquire | Product Application：KNK437 has been used: as a heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) inhibitor to study its effects on the inhibition of viability and apoptosis activation in chemoresistant mice cells as an HSF1 inhibitor to study its effects on viability and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells as a Product Application：KNK437 has been used: as a heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) inhibitor to study its effects on the inhibition of viability and apoptosis activation in chemoresistant mice cells as an HSF1 inhibitor to study its effects on viability and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells as a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inhibitor to study its effects on glutamine-induced HSP70 and inflammatory mediator release... Read More | Purity＞98% (SDS-PAGE; HPLC). Purity is greater than 98% as determined by SEC-HPLC and reducing SDS-PAGE.FunctionCytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes.Purity＞98% (SDS-PAGE; HPLC). Purity is greater than 98% as determined by SEC-HPLC and reducing SDS-PAGE.FunctionCytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes.Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is secreted by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine or immune and inflammatory stimulation. It was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and has functions of stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages. GM-CSF has also been reported to have a functional role on non-hematopoietic cells and can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, it can stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines. GM-CSF is used as a medication to stimulate the production of white blood cells following chemotherapy and has also recently been evaluated in clinical trials for its potential as a vaccine adjuvant in HIV-infected patients. The recombinant Human GM-CSF is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 127 amino acids... Read More | Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TREPurity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP-1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and migration of primary keratinocytes and by altering the TGF-mediated chemotaxis of monocytes. This effect on wound healing appears to be hormone-sensitive. Regulator of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis and inhibits early healing of bone fractures. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator... Read More | Background：Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, immune system development, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. Rat TNF-alpha consisitsBackground：Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, immune system development, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. Rat TNF-alpha consisits of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 179 aa extracellular domain (ECD). Within the ECD, rat TNF-alpha shares 94% aa sequence identity with mouse and 69%-76% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, human, porcine, and rhesus TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha is produced by a wide variety of immune, epithelial, endothelial, and tumor cells. TNF-alpha is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer which is expressed on the cell surface. Cell surface TNF-alpha can induce the lysis of neighboring tumor cells and virus infected cells, and it can generate its own downstream cell signaling following ligation by soluble TNFR I. Shedding of membrane bound TNF-alpha by TACE/ADAM17 releases the bioactive cytokine, a 55 kDa soluble trimer of the TNF-alpha extracellular domain. TNF-alpha binds the ubiquitous 55-60 kDa TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted 80 kDa TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers. Both type I and type II receptors bind TNF-alpha with comparable affinity, although only TNF RI contains a cytoplasmic death domain which triggers the activation of apoptosis. Soluble forms of both types of receptors are released and can neutralize the biological activity of TNF-alpha. Post-translational modificationsThe soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing.The membrane form, but not the soluble form, is phosphorylated on serine residues.Dephosphorylation of the membrane form occurs by binding to soluble TNFRSF1A/TNFR1.O-glycosylated; glycans contain galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid... Read More |