| Description | DescriptionGC methods are divided into two classes depending on the nature of stationary phases; gas-solid chromatography (GSC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). GSC has solid adsorptive material and solute particles are removed from mobile phase by electrostatic forces. GLC has a thin layer of DescriptionGC methods are divided into two classes depending on the nature of stationary phases; gas-solid chromatography (GSC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). GSC has solid adsorptive material and solute particles are removed from mobile phase by electrostatic forces. GLC has a thin layer of liquid coated or bonded on the surface of an inert particle or on the walls of the column where solute particles are retained in the liquid phase based on their partition coefficients. The primary necessity of a stationary phase is to provide sample separation sustaining phase integrity over a reasonable period of time. It should be stable for the chemical and thermal changes. Selectivity, peak symmetry, analysis time, degree of separation, peak tailing are a few parameters that should be considered before choosing a stationary phase. Triton X-100 is a non-ionic alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactant.Synthesized specifically to be purer, of narrow molecular weight range, and without trace catalysts or impurities for use as a GC stationary phase.}... Read More | Product introduction：Aladdin ® SE is a kind of fluorescent dye with amino reactive activity. The SE group of these dyes can react with the amino group to produce a stable amide bond. Compared with other similar dyes on the market, aladdin ® is a new generation of fluorescent dyes Product introduction：Aladdin ® SE is a kind of fluorescent dye with amino reactive activity. The SE group of these dyes can react with the amino group to produce a stable amide bond. Compared with other similar dyes on the market, aladdin ® is a new generation of fluorescent dyes with stronger stability, better water solubility and better fluorescence intensity. Product parameters： Absmax/Em(nm)：648/664；Absmax/Em(nm)：0.03；Extinction coefficient(ε)：240000；Optimal DOL(IgG)：3-6； Usage:1. Experimental materials(1) IgG: IgG must not contain amine chemicals that can react with dyes, such as amino acids, Tris, BSA, gelatin, etc. If IgG contains such chemicals, PBS buffer with pH~7.4 should be used for pre dialysis treatment. The presence of azide compounds does not affect the labeling reaction.(2) Anhydrous DMSO(3) NaHCO3(4) Sephadex gel G-25 dialysis column(5) PBS buffer (pH~7.4)(6) NaN3(7) BSA2. Marking methods and steps(1) Prepare to label antibodiesDilute the antibody with 0.1 M NaHCO3 solution (pH~8.3) to a final concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. If the product is pre diluted with phosphate buffer, such as PBS buffer (without amino compounds), approximately 1/10 volume of 1M NaHCO3 mother liquor can be directly added to the buffer to achieve a final NaHCO3 concentration of 0.1 M.Note: When the protein concentration is 2.5 mg/mL, the labeling efficiency is approximately 35%. Protein concentrations below 2.5 mg/mL can also be used for labeling, but the labeling efficiency will decrease. When the protein concentration is higher than 5 mg/mL, the labeling efficiency may be higher. Due to differences in buffer and protein purity, more precise labeling efficiency is determined by practical operating conditions. If the protein concentration is too low, it can be concentrated by ultrafiltration.(2) Prepare dye storage solutionPreheat one tube at room temperature µ YF of Mole ® SE, add 0.1 mL of anhydrous DMSO to the tube, thoroughly vortex dissolve the dye, and prepare a dye storage solution with a concentration of 10 mM. If a trace amount of protein is used for labeling reactions, the dye needs to be diluted to a lower concentration.Note: a The remaining dye storage solution should be stored at a low temperature of -20 ℃ for future use. If anhydrous DMSO is used to prepare dye storage solution, the dye can be stored for at least one month.b. Dyes can also be prepared with deionized water, but due to the slow hydrolysis of dyes in water, it is best to prepare water based storage solutions for immediate use.(3) Mark reaction stepsa. Stir or vortex the protein solution, gradually adding 15-25 drops µ L dye storage solution (10 mM), with a molar ratio of dye/protein in the range of 9:1 to 15:1. YF ® Please refer to the table above for the range of DOL (number of dyes bound to each protein molecule) for SE labeled IgG antibodies.b. Stir the reaction at room temperature for 1 hour, and for trace labeling, shake and incubate on a shaker for 1 hour.Note: At the same time of the binding reaction, proceed to step 2 (4) to balance the dextran gel G-25 dialysis column.(4) Isolation of marker proteins from reaction solutiona. PBS buffer (pH~7.4) was used to balance the dextran gel G-25 dialysis column (10 mm × 300 mm).b. Add the reaction solution from step 3 (b) to the column and elute with 1 x PBS buffer.The first washed out chromophore is a dye protein complex.Note: a For small-scale labeling reactions, in order to avoid excessive dilution of the product, ultrafiltration devices can be used to remove free dyes from the complex.b. After the binding reaction is completed, if the dye protein complex is not separated in time, 50 can be added µ Terminate the reaction with L 1M lysine. In most cases, this operation is not necessary because the remaining unreacted dyes have been fully hydrolyzed at the end of the reaction.3. Determine DOL(1) The determination of protein concentration and antibody concentration can be calculated using the following formula:C (mg/mL)={[A280- (Amax x x Cf)]/1.4} x dilution factor;a. C refers to the concentration of antibodies collected in the experiment;b. Dilution factor refers to the dilution factor used in photometric measurements;c. A280 and Amax refer to the absorbance at 280 nm and the absorbance at the absorption wavelength, respectively;d. Cf is the correction factor, YF ® Please refer to the table above for the Cf value of SE dyes;Note: The protein solution eluted through the column may have a high concentration when used directly for absorbance detection, so it needs to be diluted to approximately 0.1 mg/mL. The dilution factor (i.e. dilution factor) needs to be determined from the initial number of antibodies (e.g. 5 mg) and the overall elution of protein solutionEstimate based on the product.(2) Estimation of DOLDOL is calculated using the following equation:DOL=(Amax x x Mwt x Dilution Factor)/（ ε X C)a. Amax, dilution factor, C value has been clearly defined in 3 (1);b. Mwt refers to the molecular weight of IgG (150000);C. c ε It's YF ® The molar absorption coefficient of SE, refer to the table on the first page;d. Mark YF ® The optimal DOL value for SE IgG antibodies can be found in the table on the first page. Although DOL values may fluctuate, good experimental results can also be achieved.Matters needing attention：1. if the labeled protein needs long-term storage, it is recommended to add 5-10 mg/ml BSA and 0.01-0.03% NaN3 to prevent protein denaturation and microbial breeding. Store at 4 ℃ away from light. If glycerol with a final concentration of 50% is added, it can be stored at -20 ℃. It can be stably stored for more than one year. 2. keep away from light during operation. The mixing speed should be appropriate to avoid bubbles. 3. when installing the chromatographic column, try to make the column body uniform, the column surface flat, and free of bubbles and cracks. 4. pay attention to adding the sample when the column top buffer is tangent to the gel plane. When eluting, add the eluent when the sample is tangent to the gel plane. 5. other factors affecting the labeling efficiency also include temperature, reaction time, pH, the amount of fluorescent dye and protein, etc., which should be controlled. 6. for your safety and health, please wear laboratory clothes and disposable gloves.Scope of application：Protein nucleic acid labeling dye... Read More | Es Taq DNA Polymerase is an optimized mixed enzyme of Taq and Pfu DNA Polymerase, with 5 '→ 3' DNA polymerase activity, 5 '→ 3' exonuclease activity, and 3 '→ 5' exonuclease activity. Compared with Taq DNA Polymerase, Es Taq DNA Polymerase has excellent performance of high Es Taq DNA Polymerase is an optimized mixed enzyme of Taq and Pfu DNA Polymerase, with 5 '→ 3' DNA polymerase activity, 5 '→ 3' exonuclease activity, and 3 '→ 5' exonuclease activity. Compared with Taq DNA Polymerase, Es Taq DNA Polymerase has excellent performance of high amplification efficiency and low mismatch rate, and can efficiently amplify DNA fragments. Most of the PCR products amplified with this product contain an "A" base at the 3 'end, which can be directly used for T/A cloning. This product is suitable for conventional PCR reactions and gene cloning reactions that require high fidelity. E665597Component500 UStorageE665597AEs Taq DNA Polymerase, 5 U/µL 100 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.E665597B10×PCR Buffer 1.8 mL -20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.Activity definition:Using activated salmon sperm DNA as a template/primer, the amount of enzyme required to incorporate 10 nmol of deoxyribonucleotide into acidic insoluble substances is defined as 1 active unit (U) at 74 ℃ for 30 minutes.Quality control:After multiple column purifications, SDS-PAGE detected a purity of over 99%; No exogenous nuclease activity detected; PCR method for detecting residual DNA without host; Can effectively amplify single copy genes in the human genome; Store at room temperature for one month without significant changes in activity.1. PCR reaction system Reagent 50 µlReaction system Final concentration 10×PCR Buffer 5 µL 1× dNTP Mix，10 mM each 1 µL 200 µM each Forward Primer，10 µM 2 µL 0.4 µM Reverse Primer，10 µM 2 µl 0.4 µM Template DNA <0.5 µg <0.5 µg/50 µl Es Taq DNA Polymerase，5 U/µl 0.25-0.5 µl 1.25-2.5U/50 µl ddH2O up to 50 µL /Attention: The primer concentration should be between 0.1 and 1.0 as the final concentration µ M serves as a reference for setting the range. In the case of low amplification efficiency, the concentration of primers can be increased; When non-specific reactions occur, the primer concentration can be reduced to optimize the reaction system. 2. PCR reaction conditions Step Temperature Time / Pre denaturation 94℃ 2 min / Denaturation 94℃ 30 s 25-35 cycles Anneal 55-65℃ 30 s 25-35 cycles Extend 72℃ 30 s 25-35 cycles Finally extended 72℃ 2 min / Attention:1) In general experiments, if the annealing temperature is 5 ℃ lower than the melting temperature Tm of the amplification primer, and the ideal amplification efficiency cannot be achieved, the annealing temperature should be appropriately reduced; When non-specific reactions occur, increase the annealing temperature to optimize the reaction conditions.2) The extension time should be set according to the size of the amplified fragment. The amplification efficiency of Es Taq DNA Polymerase in this product is 2 kb/min.3) The number of cycles can be set based on the downstream application of the amplification product. If the number of cycles is too small, the amplification amount is insufficient; If there are too many cycles, the probability of mismatches will increase, and non-specific backgrounds will be severe. So, while ensuring product yield, the number of cycles should be minimized as much as possible... Read More | Acid phosphatase is an esterase with broad activity at an optimal pH below 7.0. There are three isozymes, EI, EII, and EIII of similar molecular weight (55 kDa± 5 kDa). Their optimum pH's are 5.5, 4.5, and 4.0 respectively. Acid phosphatase activity was observed by Teller Aladdin Library Acid phosphatase is an esterase with broad activity at an optimal pH below 7.0. There are three isozymes, EI, EII, and EIII of similar molecular weight (55 kDa± 5 kDa). Their optimum pH's are 5.5, 4.5, and 4.0 respectively. Acid phosphatase activity was observed by Teller Aladdin Library Archives in 1954 in preparations of a wheat germ lipase described by Singer JBC, 174, 11, in 1948. Equivalent commercial preparations have been distributed labeled as lipase and acid phosphatase thus generating some confusion. Subsequent work has confirmed that the non-specific esterase activity of the wheat germ preparation may be measured both as lipase (triacetin as substrate) and phosphatase. The enzyme assay is based on the work of Brandenberger and Hanson (Helv. Chim. Acta, 36, 900, 1953) and Hofstee ( Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 51, 239, 1954).Acid phosphatase (APase) non-specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of monoesters and anhydrides of phosphoric acid to produce inorganic phosphate. It is used to study the production, transport, and recycling of phosphate and the metabolic and energy transduction processes of the cell.Characteristics of Acid Phosphatase from Wheat Germ:Molecular weight: 55,000 ± 5,000 (Verjee 1969).Composition: Three isozymes of closely similar molecular weights have been reported by Verjee (1969): EI, EII, and EIII. See also Brouillard and Ouellet (1965).Optimal pH: EI - 5.5, EII - 4.5, and EIII - 4.0. (Verjee 1969).Specificity: The enzyme has a broad esterase activity. See Joyce and Grisolia (1960). It shows highest activity for pyrophosphate.Inhibitors: Fluoride, molybdate and orthophosphate (Verjee 1969)... Read More | Protein:BSA-Free |