| Description | 1、Product attributeShelf life: 36 monthsMarker enzyme: Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)Reaction time：short (up to 20 minutes) at 20-25°CLot-to-lot variation：< 10 %Boiling point : 100℃（Calculated flash point）Flash point:：120 °C （1、Product attributeShelf life: 36 monthsMarker enzyme: Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)Reaction time：short (up to 20 minutes) at 20-25°CLot-to-lot variation：< 10 %Boiling point : 100℃（Calculated flash point）Flash point:：120 °C （Calculated flash point）pH-Value (at 20 °C): 4.5-4.9 （Experimental data）Density (20℃) : 1.0064 g/cm³Water solubility: easily solubleAppearance: colourless liquidOdour: odourlessLight sensitiveHeat sensitive2、Requirements for storage rooms and vessels1.Keep container tightly closed.2.Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.3.Keep/Store only in original container.4.Never return spills in original containers for reuse.5. Keep away from: Food and feedingstuffs.6. The solution can be transported at room temperature, but temperatures exceeding 30 °C have to be avoided. Shipping should be completed within one week.7. The solution will still work beyond the expiry date, but a lower sensitivity has to be taken into account and a precipitate may occur.8. Contaminated or leaked out substrate solution from damaged bottles should not be used and has to be destroyed.3、Effective Components and Principle of FunctionA citrate buffer system (pH 4.5 - 5.0) contains the following effective components:Hydrogen peroxide3,3`,5,5`-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)precipitating reagentPeroxidase catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, taking electrons from TMB (byoxidation). Oxidation of TMB forms a radical cation that stabilizes by dimerisation and shows the typical blue colour. This blue cation is stabilized by forming an insoluble complex with the precipitating reagent. So at positions with horseradish peroxidase activity a blue precipitate will appear. This precipitate is very fine so that even the smallest dots can be coloured regularly.4、Biosafety informationThis mixture is not classified as hazardous in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008；Hazardous components：none (according to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH))5、Advantage1. Rapid precipitation2. Strong adherence to plastic surfaces3. Short reaction time4. Intensive dark blue colour5. Homogeneous staining pattern6、Instruction for usageFor bottling consider the following instructions:•Work in a dust free and darkened room.• Pay attention that the solution has no contact with metal parts (leading to catalysis) of yourinstruments. Closed systems of silicon tubes are favoured.• Clean all instruments and vessels very carefully.• Never touch parts of the instruments that are in contact with the solution with the naked hand. Wear powder free gloves.• Close the bottles immediately to minimize the influence of light and dust.• Use bottles that are not permeable to light, made from HDPE or PP.7. General Instructions for the Use on Microchips• This solution should only be used by qualified laboratory staff familiar with the basics of immunological methods.• Note: The substrate solution is very sensitive to impurities. This is why you should never immerse pipette tips in storage bottles. Unused solution is never returned to the bottle! Don't swap the bottles for the cups!• Substrate Solutions Test systems for instrumental measurements on glass or plastic surfaces (polycarbonate or polystyrene).• Depending on the system, it may be sufficient to wash the microarrays after incubation with the conjugate and then cover them with the substrate solution. Arrays can be developed with a rocking motion until visible color appears (approximately 5 to 10 minutes). Measurements can be performed using wet arrays or after washing with distilled water and drying. Dry microchips can be used for recording purposes. (Note: some glues will destroy colored deposits)... Read More | Mammalian lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) exist as five tetrameric isozymes composed of combinations of two different subunits. The H subunit predominates in heart muscle, which is geared for aerobic oxidation of pyruvate. The M subunit predominates in skeletal muscle and is concerned more with Mammalian lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) exist as five tetrameric isozymes composed of combinations of two different subunits. The H subunit predominates in heart muscle, which is geared for aerobic oxidation of pyruvate. The M subunit predominates in skeletal muscle and is concerned more with anaerobic metabolism and pyruvate reduction.Catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+Recombinant rabbit muscle Lactate Dehydrogenase produced in E.Coli. Chromatographically purified. A lyophilized powder... Read More | Purity>95% SDS-PAGE.FunctionB Cell Activating Factor Receptor (BAFF-R), also named tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C, is a member of the TNFR superfamily. It is highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, and resting B cells and to some extent in activated B cells, resting CD4+ Purity>95% SDS-PAGE.FunctionB Cell Activating Factor Receptor (BAFF-R), also named tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C, is a member of the TNFR superfamily. It is highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, and resting B cells and to some extent in activated B cells, resting CD4+ cells and peripheral blood leukocytes. BAFF receptor is a type III transmembrane protein containing a single extracellular phenylalanine-rich domain and binds with high specificity to BAFF (TNFSF13B). It enhances B-cell survival in vitro and is a regulator of the peripheral B-cell population. BAFF receptor/BAFF signaling plays a critical role in B cell survival and maturation... Read More | Purity>95% (SDS-PAGE) Endotoxin level<1.0 EU/µgFunctionInhibits the synthesis of a number of cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, TNF and GM-CSF produced by activated macrophages and by helper T-cells | Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by recruiting leukocytes to acute and chronic inflammation sites. Alternatively-spliced forms are known to occur, but the most common form is a type I transmembrane protein with a 674 aa extracellular domain (ECD) that includes seven C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 19 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, human VCAM-1 shares 75% and 76% aa sequence identity with the mouse and rat VCAM-1, respectively. VCAM-1 binds to leukocyte integrins alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7. During the inflammatory adhesion mechanism, activated integrins halt rolling leukocytes and attach them firmly to the vascular endothelium. The VCAM-1:VLA-4/ alpha 4 beta 7 interaction is also thought to be involved in the extravasation of white blood cells through the blood vessel wall to sites of inflammation. ELISA techniques have shown that detectable levels of soluble VCAM-1 are present in the biological fluids of apparently normal individuals, but elevated levels of serum VCAM-1 are indicative of future Atrial Fibrillation incident as well as liver disease. Tumor cells use overexpression of VCAM-1 as means of escaping immune surveillance.Post-translational modifications：Sialoglycoprotein.Function:Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with the beta-1 integrin VLA4 on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/VLA4 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation... Read More |