| Description | IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in plasma, found at a concentration of 8 to 18 mg/ml. This immunoglobulin plays a very important role in the defense against infection for newborns because of its transfer through the placenta during pregnancy. It readily diffuses into the extravascular body IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in plasma, found at a concentration of 8 to 18 mg/ml. This immunoglobulin plays a very important role in the defense against infection for newborns because of its transfer through the placenta during pregnancy. It readily diffuses into the extravascular body spaces where it plays a major role in neutralizing bacterial toxins and in enhancing the phagocytosis of microorganisms. IgG binds to bacteria and these complexes adhere to phagocytic cells which have surface receptors specific for IgG.Testing: Shown to be non reactive for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA approved tests... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of complement. The C1 complex is a non-covalent assembly of three different proteins (C1q, C1r, and C1s) bound together in a calcium-dependent complex. C1q has six extended arms with domains at the end of each arm that bind to the Fc domains of immunoglobulins such as IgG or IgM. When antibodies bind toantigens, forming immune complexes, they cluster allowing two or more of the six C1q arms to bind to the Fc domains of antibodies. Rat IgG2 is very efficient when compared to IgG1 in activating complement (Medgyesi, G.A et., al., 1981). This is in contrast to the human system in which IgG1 activates complement but not IgG2 (Redpath, S. et. al., 1998). The binding of multiple arms of C1q to immune complexes causes the two C1r proteins in the complex (protease zymogens) to auto-activate. The activated C1r proteases cleave and activate the two C1s protease zymogens in the complex. The activated C1s cleaves complement component C4 releasing C4a and initiating covalent attachment of C4b to the activating surface. Activated C1s also cleaves C2 and the larger fragment of C2 binds to the surface-attached C4b forming C4b,C2a, the C3/C5 convertase of the classical pathway.Rat IgG1 cannot activate complement whereas rat IgG2 does.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe apparent molecular weight of rat C1q as determined by gel filtration has been reported to be 400,000 by Veerhuis, R. et al., (1985) and is calculated to be 420,000 based on its amino acid sequence. Rat C1q is a high molecular weight complex of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of the six arms of rat C1q contains three chains, an A chain (~30,000 daltons), a B chain (~28,000 daltons) and a C chain (~26,000 daltons) as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Wing, M.G. et al., (1993)).FunctionThe biological functions of C1q are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.ApplicationsRat C1q can be used to coat ELISA plates to capture and quantitate immune complexes in samples from rat models used for studying immune complex related diseases and conditions.GeneticsNCBI Gene ID numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (298566), C1q B chain (29687), and C1q C chain (362634). The genes for C1q chains A, B and C are all located on chromosome 5. The UniprotKB primary accession numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (P31720), C1q B chain (P31721), and C1q C chain (P31722).Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesMedgyesi, G.A et., Miklos, K., Kulics, J., Fust, G., and Gergely, J. Bazin, H. (1981). Classes and subclasses of rat antibodies: reaction with the antigen and interaction of the complex with the complement system. Immunology 43, 171-176.Redpath, S., Michaelsen, T., Sandlie, I. and Clark, M. R. (1998). Activation of complement by human IgG1 and human IgG3 antibodies against the human leucocyte antigen CD52. Immunology 93, 595–600.Veerhuis, R., Van Es, L.A. and Daha, M.R. (1985). In vivo degradation of rat C1q induced by intravenous injection of soluble IgG aggregates. Immunology 54, 801-810.Wing, M.G., Seilly, D. J., Bridgman, D.J. and Harrison, R.A. (1993). Rapid isolation and biochemical characterization of rat C1 and C1q. Molecular Immunology 30, 433-440... Read More | Inquire | Product IntroductionKGF keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a cytokine identified by Rubin et al (1989) from the culture supernatant of embryonic lung fibroblasts, is an FGF family member, namely FGF-7.KGF is secreted by stromal cells and its receptor is distributed in epithelial cells, where it is a Product IntroductionKGF keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a cytokine identified by Rubin et al (1989) from the culture supernatant of embryonic lung fibroblasts, is an FGF family member, namely FGF-7.KGF is secreted by stromal cells and its receptor is distributed in epithelial cells, where it is a potent epithelial cell specific growth factor, and its mitogenic activity is mainly expressed in keratinocytes, which can specifically promote epithelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, and is closely related to many aspects, such as organ development, wound repair, tumorigenesis and immune reconstitution.Osrhkgf was created using genetic recombination, expressed from rice endosperm cells and through a protein purification process.Specification parametersSource Oryza sativaAppearance white lyophilized powderActivity ≥1.0×105IU/mgpH 6.5-7.5Molecular weight 19.0 kDEndotoxin ≦0.1EU/ugCAS No 148348-15-6Matters needing attentionReconstitution: it is recommended to lyophilize the powder of osrhkgf to 100-200 UG/ml with sterile water to make further dilutions with other solvents.The dissolved osrhkgf could be stored for 2-7 days at 4 ◦ C and used up as soon as possible.To not use for short periods, store at - 20 ℃.Use as soon as possible after opening to avoid contamination.Limitations of useIt is suitable for research, laboratory and production use only and cannot be used directly in humans... 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