| Description | Is it sterile: YesMetallozyme is a water-soluble protein using recombinant genes, lyophilized and irradiated with cobalt-60, and aseptic packaging of celine bottles. A recombinant gene protein constructed according to the chemical structure of cephalosporins and penan. The active center of its gene Is it sterile: YesMetallozyme is a water-soluble protein using recombinant genes, lyophilized and irradiated with cobalt-60, and aseptic packaging of celine bottles. A recombinant gene protein constructed according to the chemical structure of cephalosporins and penan. The active center of its gene fragment can destroy the chemical structural formula of cephalosporins and penan antibiotics, so that the antibacterial properties of the two drugs are lost after ring opening/chain breaking.When doing sterility check of antibiotics, use a manual syringe to absorb sterile water and inject it into the drug vial, shake well, dissolve, and then suck it out. Add to 500ml solution of 0.9% sodium chloride, shake well, do not dissolve with the needle on the incubator, input, avoid high concentration of solution through the filter membrane, resulting in difficult to rinse thoroughly.Here, it is emphasized again: when doing sterile examination of antibiotics, it is necessary to inject sterile water into the manual syringe to dissolve the sample, and then transfer the dissolved sample to 500ml solution of 0.9% sodium chloride, so that the sample will not cause local concentration too high, difficult to wash thoroughly through the filter membrane.During sterility test, take 1 bottle of freeze-dried metal enzyme powder and add 5ml of sterile water to dissolve, shake well to make a metal enzyme solution, take 2ml of enzyme solution and put 1500ml of washing solution and shake well. After the rinse solution has washed the filter membrane of the incubator, the pump is exhausted. A manual syringe was used to Pierce the respiratory mouth of the three incubators, and 1ml of enzyme solution was added to each of them, and the enzymes were spread on the entire surface of the filter membrane as far as possible. Then, the high concentration of enzymes was fully in contact with the filter membrane of the incubator, so as to destroy (neutralize and inactivate) the residual cephalosporins and penem drugs on the filter membrane, and then pumped into the corresponding medium and shook well. Positive pairs were treated with 1ml of E. coli (100CFU/ml).Adding 1ml of the metal enzyme solution to the three incubators can remove the residual cephalosporins and penem on the inner wall of the incubators and the surface of the filter membrane.Shake the positive pair gently once a day in the morning and afternoon.Customers can do methodological verification according to the above, but also according to the actual operation of the verification... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of complement. The C1 complex is a non-covalent assembly of three different proteins (C1q, C1r, and C1s) bound together in a calcium-dependent complex. C1q has six extended arms with domains at the end of each arm that bind to the Fc domains of immunoglobulins such as IgG or IgM. When antibodies bind toantigens, forming immune complexes, they cluster allowing two or more of the six C1q arms to bind to the Fc domains of antibodies. Rat IgG2 is very efficient when compared to IgG1 in activating complement (Medgyesi, G.A et., al., 1981). This is in contrast to the human system in which IgG1 activates complement but not IgG2 (Redpath, S. et. al., 1998). The binding of multiple arms of C1q to immune complexes causes the two C1r proteins in the complex (protease zymogens) to auto-activate. The activated C1r proteases cleave and activate the two C1s protease zymogens in the complex. The activated C1s cleaves complement component C4 releasing C4a and initiating covalent attachment of C4b to the activating surface. Activated C1s also cleaves C2 and the larger fragment of C2 binds to the surface-attached C4b forming C4b,C2a, the C3/C5 convertase of the classical pathway.Rat IgG1 cannot activate complement whereas rat IgG2 does.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe apparent molecular weight of rat C1q as determined by gel filtration has been reported to be 400,000 by Veerhuis, R. et al., (1985) and is calculated to be 420,000 based on its amino acid sequence. Rat C1q is a high molecular weight complex of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of the six arms of rat C1q contains three chains, an A chain (~30,000 daltons), a B chain (~28,000 daltons) and a C chain (~26,000 daltons) as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Wing, M.G. et al., (1993)).FunctionThe biological functions of C1q are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.ApplicationsRat C1q can be used to coat ELISA plates to capture and quantitate immune complexes in samples from rat models used for studying immune complex related diseases and conditions.GeneticsNCBI Gene ID numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (298566), C1q B chain (29687), and C1q C chain (362634). The genes for C1q chains A, B and C are all located on chromosome 5. The UniprotKB primary accession numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (P31720), C1q B chain (P31721), and C1q C chain (P31722).Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesMedgyesi, G.A et., Miklos, K., Kulics, J., Fust, G., and Gergely, J. Bazin, H. (1981). Classes and subclasses of rat antibodies: reaction with the antigen and interaction of the complex with the complement system. Immunology 43, 171-176.Redpath, S., Michaelsen, T., Sandlie, I. and Clark, M. R. (1998). Activation of complement by human IgG1 and human IgG3 antibodies against the human leucocyte antigen CD52. Immunology 93, 595–600.Veerhuis, R., Van Es, L.A. and Daha, M.R. (1985). In vivo degradation of rat C1q induced by intravenous injection of soluble IgG aggregates. Immunology 54, 801-810.Wing, M.G., Seilly, D. J., Bridgman, D.J. and Harrison, R.A. (1993). Rapid isolation and biochemical characterization of rat C1 and C1q. Molecular Immunology 30, 433-440... Read More | Inquire | Inquire | Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining. Description： CD4, also known as L3T4, T4, and W3/25, is an approximately 55 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly on thymocytes and a subset of mature T lymphocytes. It is a standard Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining. Description： CD4, also known as L3T4, T4, and W3/25, is an approximately 55 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly on thymocytes and a subset of mature T lymphocytes. It is a standard phenotype marker for the identification of T cell populations. Mature human CD4 consists of a 371 amino acid (aa) extracellular region containing four immunoglobulin-like domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 40 aa cytoplasmic domain. Within the ECD, human CD4 shares approximately 52% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat CD4. CD4 is expressed along with CD8 on double positive T cells during their development in the thymus. Either CD4 or CD8 expression is then lost, giving rise to single positive (SP) CD4+ or CD8+ mature T cells. CD4+ SP cells, also known as T helper cells, further differentiate into multiple subsets of CD4+ cells including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg cells which regulate humoral and cellular immunity. CD4 is reexpressed on circulating CD8+ T cells upon activation and contributes to their cytotoxic effector activity. In human, CD4 is additionally expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, and neurons and glial cells in the brain. Similar CD4 distribution between species cannot be assumed as demonstrated by its presence on macrophages in human and rat but not in mouse. CD4 binds directly to MHC class II molecules on antigen presenting cells. This interaction contributes to the formation of the immunological synapse which is focused around the TCR-MHC class II-antigenic peptide interaction. Palmitoylation of two cysteine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 promotes the localization of CD4 in lipid rafts and its ability to augment TCR signaling via activation of the tyrosine kinase Lck. CD4 also functions as a chemotactic receptor for IL-16 and, in human, as a co-receptor for the gp120 surface glycoprotein of HIV-1... Read More |