| Description | DNA Ladder (0.2-12kb, 12 bands, Red) is supplied in a ready-to-use format containing Red and 12 double-stranded DNA fragments ranging from 200bp to 12kb. It can meet the molecular weight reference needs for most regular DNA electrophoresis analysis.This DNA ladder contains 12 DNA fragments of 200, DNA Ladder (0.2-12kb, 12 bands, Red) is supplied in a ready-to-use format containing Red and 12 double-stranded DNA fragments ranging from 200bp to 12kb. It can meet the molecular weight reference needs for most regular DNA electrophoresis analysis.This DNA ladder contains 12 DNA fragments of 200, 500, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 8000 and 12000bp (see figure on the right).The intensity of 2000bp band is 3 times brighter than other bands, making it easier to identify.Red migrates faster than 100bp double-stranded linear DNA, so it will not interfere with the observation of small DNA fragments.Loading 5µl of DNA Ladder per lane is sufficient to visualize all fragments of the ladder.Precautions：If ethidium bromide (EB), a strong carcinogen, is used for DNA electrophoresis, please take care to avoid the contamination of this product by EB during frequent uses. We recommend using non-toxic, upgraded EB products such as NA-Red (, D0128, D0130), NA-Green, Gel-Red and Gel-Green. Please use new electrophoresis buffer and freshly prepared agarose gel for electrophoresis to ensure better DNA resolution. This product is for R&D only. Not for drug, household, or other uses.For your safety and health, please wear a lab coat and disposable gloves during the operation.Instructions for Use：1.For DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, add 5µl of this product directly into an empty well on agarose gel.2.Red migrates similarly to 50bp DNA fragments... Read More | Inquire | Arachis hypogaea lectin or Peanut Agglutinin (PNA) is isolated from peanuts and purified by affinity chromatography. The lectin has a molecular weight of 110 kDa and consists of four identical subunits of approximately 27 kDa each. PNA is a carbohydrate-free protein that displays specificity towardsArachis hypogaea lectin or Peanut Agglutinin (PNA) is isolated from peanuts and purified by affinity chromatography. The lectin has a molecular weight of 110 kDa and consists of four identical subunits of approximately 27 kDa each. PNA is a carbohydrate-free protein that displays specificity towards ?-D-Gal(1-3)-D-galNAc. It has potent anti-T activity and can be used to distinguish between human lymphocyte subsets. PNA has been used in tumour tissue determination for transitional mucosa malignancies. The lectin also agglutinates neuraminidase-treated human erythrocytes at < 0.1 µg/ml after trypsin treatment of cells and its activity is inhibited by lactose and galactose. PNA lectin is provided as a white to light yellow lyophilized powder from a buffer containing 10 mM NH4HCO3. The purity is determined by SDS-PAGE, which generates one band at 25-27 kDa.● Ultrapure quality ● Strong anti-T activity ● Sugar specificity: ?-D-Gal-(1-3)-D-GalNAc ● Agglutinates rabbit erythrocytes at < 0.1 µg/ml after trypsin treatment of the cells ● Lyophilized powderProbe in histochemistry and immuno-histochemistry;Human erythrocyte/lymphocyte studies... Read More | Inquire | Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by recruiting leukocytes to acute and chronic inflammation sites. Alternatively-spliced forms are known to occur, but the most common form is a type I transmembrane protein with a 674 aa extracellular domain (ECD) that includes seven C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 19 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, human VCAM-1 shares 75% and 76% aa sequence identity with the mouse and rat VCAM-1, respectively. VCAM-1 binds to leukocyte integrins alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7. During the inflammatory adhesion mechanism, activated integrins halt rolling leukocytes and attach them firmly to the vascular endothelium. The VCAM-1:VLA-4/ alpha 4 beta 7 interaction is also thought to be involved in the extravasation of white blood cells through the blood vessel wall to sites of inflammation. ELISA techniques have shown that detectable levels of soluble VCAM-1 are present in the biological fluids of apparently normal individuals, but elevated levels of serum VCAM-1 are indicative of future Atrial Fibrillation incident as well as liver disease. Tumor cells use overexpression of VCAM-1 as means of escaping immune surveillance.Post-translational modifications：Sialoglycoprotein.Function:Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with the beta-1 integrin VLA4 on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/VLA4 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation... Read More |