| Description | Storage buffer: 10mM Tris HCl, 5mM EDTA, 0.03% Bromophenol Blue, 0.03% Xylene Cyanol, 30% Glycerol, pH7.6Product Description:1. This product is composed of 11 linear double-stranded DNA fragments, with sizes ranging from 100 bp to 15 kb, specifically 100 bp, 250 bp, 500 bp, 750 bp, 1000 bp, 1500 bp,Storage buffer: 10mM Tris HCl, 5mM EDTA, 0.03% Bromophenol Blue, 0.03% Xylene Cyanol, 30% Glycerol, pH7.6Product Description:1. This product is composed of 11 linear double-stranded DNA fragments, with sizes ranging from 100 bp to 15 kb, specifically 100 bp, 250 bp, 500 bp, 750 bp, 1000 bp, 1500 bp, 2000 bp, 3000 bp, 5000 bp, 8000 bp, and 15000 bp. The 500 bp and 1500 bp bands are highlighted with a concentration 2.5 times higher than the other bands, facilitating observation after electrophoresis.1. This product consists of 9 linear double-stranded DNA fragments, with sizes ranging from 100 bp to 5000 bp, specifically 100 bp, 250 bp, 500 bp, 750 bp, 1000 bp, 1500 bp, 2000 bp, 3000 bp, and 5000 bp. The 500 bp and 1500 bp bands are highlighted with a concentration 2.5 times higher than the other bands, facilitating observation after electrophoresis.2. In 5 ul of this product, the content of the regular bands is approximately 30 ng, while the highlighted band contains about 75 ng.3. The product is preserved in 1x Loading Buffer and can be directly used for electrophoresis, making it convenient to use.4. This product is not suitable for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Recommended Electrophoresis Buffer and Agarose Gel Concentration:This product is recommended to be used with 1x TAE electrophoresis buffer, with a suggested agarose concentration of 1.0% to 1.5%. For electrophoresis of smaller fragments, it is recommended to use GelRed nucleic acid dye.Usage Instructions:1. Prepare an agarose gel containing a nucleic acid dye, such as EB or GelRed.2. The concentration of the agarose gel has a significant impact on DNA electrophoresis. The recommended agarose gel concentration for this product is 1.0% to 1.5%.3. It is suggested to use 1x TAE buffer, with an electrophoresis voltage not exceeding 10 v/cm.4. For common 3.5 mm sample wells, a loading volume of 3 to 5 ul is recommended, with an appropriate increase for wider gel wells.5. Run the electrophoresis to the appropriate distance: For nucleic acid dyes such as EB, Goldview, and GRBlue, the bromophenol blue front should not exceed two-thirds of the gel, otherwise, smaller fragments may weaken due to the detachment of the nucleic acid dye from DNA. For dyes like GelRed, longer distances can be used as long as the smallest fragment does not run out of the gel. Generally, the bromophenol blue indicator band should be at least 1 cm away from the edge of the gel.6. After electrophoresis, observe the bands under a UV lamp.7. The 5x Loading Buffer included in the product is used for mixing with the samples to be tested before loading, containing both bromophenol blue and xylene cyanol as indicators.Product componentD745353Component100 T500TStorageD745353ADNA Ladder (100-15000bp)500 µL5× 500 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.D745353B5xLoading buffer1mL5×1 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle... Read More | Unit Definition One unit will cause a change in A600 of 0.330 per minute at pH 5.7 at 37°C in a 2.0 ml reaction mixture (45 minute assay) | Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by recruiting leukocytes to acute and chronic inflammation sites. Alternatively-spliced forms are known to occur, but the most common form is a type I transmembrane protein with a 674 aa extracellular domain (ECD) that includes seven C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 19 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, human VCAM-1 shares 75% and 76% aa sequence identity with the mouse and rat VCAM-1, respectively. VCAM-1 binds to leukocyte integrins alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7. During the inflammatory adhesion mechanism, activated integrins halt rolling leukocytes and attach them firmly to the vascular endothelium. The VCAM-1:VLA-4/ alpha 4 beta 7 interaction is also thought to be involved in the extravasation of white blood cells through the blood vessel wall to sites of inflammation. ELISA techniques have shown that detectable levels of soluble VCAM-1 are present in the biological fluids of apparently normal individuals, but elevated levels of serum VCAM-1 are indicative of future Atrial Fibrillation incident as well as liver disease. Tumor cells use overexpression of VCAM-1 as means of escaping immune surveillance.Post-translational modifications：Sialoglycoprotein.Function:Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with the beta-1 integrin VLA4 on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/VLA4 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation... Read More | Crystal phase: anatase/rutile ca. 80:20 | Product Characteristics UNI-StabilPLUS is a universal stabilizer for the dilution and stabilization of both Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) labeled proteins and antibodies, in order to maintain the molecular conformation and prevent loss of activity over time. This enablesProduct Characteristics UNI-StabilPLUS is a universal stabilizer for the dilution and stabilization of both Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) labeled proteins and antibodies, in order to maintain the molecular conformation and prevent loss of activity over time. This enables the making of pre-diluted, ready-to-use conjugates, minimizing assay errors in dilution. Superior stabilization of HRP and AP conjugated antibodies in low as well as high protein dilutions is seen, when using UNI-StabilPLUS. When tested with AP conjugated antibody stability is seen as follows: • at least 3 years at 2-8 °C • at least 2 years at room temperature • at least 4 weeks at 37 °C When tested with HRP conjugated antibody stability is seen as follows: • at least 2 years at 2-8 °C • at least 1 years at room temperature • at least 2 weeks at 37 °CUNI-StabilPLUS is recommended for the dilution of antibodies directed against rabbit immunoglobulins unlike HRP-StabilPLUS (cat. no. H494387) and Antibody Enhancer (cat. no. A494276).Composition & Properties UNI-StabilPLUS is a ready-to use buffer that appears as an opaque solution. The product is based on a mild acid Tris buffer containing proprietary stabilizing components. UNI-StabilPLUS contains neither BSA, nor other material from bovine serum, no azide, mercury or other toxic components.Working Procedure 1.Make a series of dilutions of the HRP- or AP conjugated protein in UNI-StabilPLUS in order to determine the optimal dilution. 2.Run the assay as usual or store the diluted conjugated protein preferably at 2-8 °C.Tips & Tricks • Avoid using phosphate buffers for AP-conjugated antibody assays. We recommend the use of Tris/HCl, Tween as the washing buffer, instead of a PBS buffer which will reduce signal significantly. • For extended stability of HRP conjugated antibodies, HRP-StabilPLUS (cat. no. H494387) is recommended. Handling & Storage • Store solution at 2-8 °C... Read More |