| Description | Product Description:1. This product consists of six linear double-stranded DNA fragments with a size range of 100bp to 2000bp, specifically 100bp, 250bp, 500bp, 750bp, 1000bp, and 2000bp. The 750bp band serves as an intensified indicator band, with a concentration 2.5 times higher than that of the Product Description:1. This product consists of six linear double-stranded DNA fragments with a size range of 100bp to 2000bp, specifically 100bp, 250bp, 500bp, 750bp, 1000bp, and 2000bp. The 750bp band serves as an intensified indicator band, with a concentration 2.5 times higher than that of the other bands, facilitating observation after electrophoresis.2. In 5µl of this product, the content of the regular bands is approximately 30ng, while the content of the intensified band is about 75ng. 3. This product is already preserved in a 1x Loading Buffer and can be directly used for electrophoresis, offering convenience in use.4. Both this product and the accompanying 5x Loading Buffer contain the Gelred nucleic acid stain. When used together, after electrophoresis, the bands can be directly observed under ultraviolet light without the need for subsequent staining procedures.5. This product is not suitable for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.6. Recommended Electrophoresis Buffer and Agarose Gel Concentration: 1x TAE electrophoresis buffer Agarose concentration: 1.5% to 2.0%.7. Using this product system, there is no need to add any nucleic acid dye in agarose gel.Usage Instructions:1. Prepare an agarose gel of the appropriate concentration without any nucleic acid stains.2. The concentration of the agarose gel has a significant impact on DNA electrophoresis. The recommended agarose gel concentration for this product is 1.5% to 2.0%.3. It is suggested to use 1x TAE buffer for electrophoresis, with a voltage not exceeding 10v/cm.4. For common 3.5mm sample wells, the recommended volume of DNA marker is 3 to 5µl. For wider gel wells, the sample volume should be appropriately increased.5. Mix the samples to be tested with the accompanying 5x Loading Buffer at a ratio of approximately 4:1, and then load into the gel sample wells.6. Run the electrophoresis to an appropriate distance:Since Gelred binds firmly to DNA, it is possible to fully utilize the length of the gel and run a longer distance, as long as the smallest fragment does not run out of the gel, which is beneficial for the separation of small fragments. Generally, the bromophenol blue indicator band should be no less than 1cm away from the edge of the gel.7. After electrophoresis, observe the electrophoresis bands under a UV lamp.8. The 5x Loading Buffer included in the product is used for mixing with the samples to be tested before loading, and it contains both bromophenol blue and xylene cyan FF as dual indicators.9. If there are a large number of samples that can be directly loaded for electrophoresis testing, it is recommended to use the Gelred gel method for detection, without pre-mixing the samples, which can greatly save experimental time.Product componentG751634Component100 T500TStorageG751634AGelred-prestained DNA Ladder (100-2000bp)500 µL5× 500 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.G751634BGelred-prestained 5xLoading buffer 500 µL5×500 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 10.16 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3Molecular Weight187,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionRat C3 is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, KProtein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 10.16 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3Molecular Weight187,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionRat C3 is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995)). Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes (C3 convertases) which are bound to the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. For a brief time (~60 µs) this nascent C3b is capable of reacting with and covalently coupling to hydroxyl groups on the target surface. Carbohydrates are the favored target, but protein hydroxyls and amino groups also react. This process of tagging the target surface with C3b is called opsonization. The reactive site in nascent C3b is a thioester (Tack B.J., et al. (1980); Pangburn M.K. and MüllerEberhard H.J. (1980)) and C3b is linked to the target through a covalent ester bond (an amide bond is formed if C3b is attached to amino groups). Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface because its thioester reacts with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all three pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane. Surface-bound C3b and its breakdown products iC3b and C3d are recognized by numerous receptors on lymphoid and phagocytic cells which use the C3b ligand to stimulate antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immune system. The end result is an expansion of target-specific B-cell and T-cell populations.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe calculated molecular weight of rat C3 based on its amino acid sequence is 184,111daltons (without the signal peptide) and is similar to that of human C3 (185,000 daltons).The molecular weight of rat C3 as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been reported by Daha, M.R. et al., (1979) to be 187,000 daltons composed of two disulfide linked chains, alpha chain (123,000 daltons) and beta chain (76,000 daltons). The extinction coefficient of rat C3 (E1%/280nm = 10.16) is calculated based on its amino acid sequence using ProtParam and assumes all pairs of Cys residues form cystines (i.e. a pair of cysteine molecules are joined by a disulfide bond). The theoretical pI of rat C3 is 6.12. The normal plasma concentration of C3 inWistar rats has been reported to be 0.581mg/ml (Daha, M.R. et al., (1979)).FunctionThe biological functions of C3 are described above in the General Description section.GeneticsRat C3 chromosome location 9. The NCBI Gene ID number for rat C3 is 24232 and UniProt accession number is P01026.Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesLaw, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995) Complement 2nd Edition (ISBN 0199633568) Oxford University Press, Oxford.Tack BF, Harrison RA, Janatova J, Thomas ML, Prahl JW. (1980) Evidence for presence of an internal thiolester bond in third component of human complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 77:5764-8.Pangburn M.K. and Müller-Eberhard H.J. (1980) Relation of putative thioester bond in C3 to activation of the alternative pathway and the binding of C3b to biological targets of complement. J Exp Med. 152:1102-14.Daha MR, Stuffers-Heiman M, Kijlstra A and Van ES LA. (1979) Isolation and characterization of the third component of rat complement. Immunology 36:63-70... Read More | Inquire | Extinction CoeffA280 nm = 1.0 at 1.0 mg/mlGeneral DescriptionProduct is whole polyclonal antiserum from goats immunized with highly purified mouse complement protein. This product is not a purified IgG fraction. Goats are maintained in FDA certified facilities.Physical Characteristics & Extinction CoeffA280 nm = 1.0 at 1.0 mg/mlGeneral DescriptionProduct is whole polyclonal antiserum from goats immunized with highly purified mouse complement protein. This product is not a purified IgG fraction. Goats are maintained in FDA certified facilities.Physical Characteristics & StructureAntibodies present in the antisera are primarily IgG.ApplicationsImmunodiffusion: Effective against NMS and plasma at 1/32 dilution Suggested starting dilutions:Western Blot: 1/500 to 1/1000. Most effective against non-reduced antigen.ELISA: 1/500 to 1/2000... Read More | Inquire |