| Description | Bactericidal Permeability-increasing Protein (BPI) is present in the azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). BPI is toxic only toward Gram-negative bacteria. This specificity is attributable to the strong attraction of BPI for the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the bacterial Bactericidal Permeability-increasing Protein (BPI) is present in the azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). BPI is toxic only toward Gram-negative bacteria. This specificity is attributable to the strong attraction of BPI for the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the bacterial envelope. BPI is also an important antigen for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in vasculitis.Prepared from whole blood shown to be non reactive for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA-required tests.Aladdin products are laboratory reagents and are not to be administered to humans or used for any drug purpose. For research or further manufacturing use only... Read More | Inquire | Inquire | Human PTHrP-(1-36) is a secretory form of PTHrP with anticalciuric effects. Human PTHrP-(1-36) enhances beta cell function and proliferation. Human PTHrP-(1-36) can be used in the research of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) and hyperparathyroidism.In VitroHuman PTHrP-(1-36) (EC 50 : 0.05 Human PTHrP-(1-36) is a secretory form of PTHrP with anticalciuric effects. Human PTHrP-(1-36) enhances beta cell function and proliferation. Human PTHrP-(1-36) can be used in the research of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) and hyperparathyroidism.In VitroHuman PTHrP-(1-36) (EC 50 : 0.05 nM) increases intracellular calcium in human epidermal keratinocytes. Human PTHrP-(1-36) (100 nM, 24 h) increases human β-cell proliferation. Human PTHrP-(1-36) (100 nM, 30 min) enhances insulin secretion in human islets. PTHrP-(1-36) (mouse, EC 50 : 1 nM) induces a rapid Ca 2+ response in UMR 106 cells. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.In VivoPTHrP-(1-36) (mouse, 160 µg/kg, s.c., for 5 days/week for 7, 30, or 90 days) enhances beta cell regeneration and increases beta cell mass in a mouse model of partial pancreatectomy. PTHrP-(1-36) (mouse, 100 µg/kg, s.c., every other day) reverses the observed decrease of Wisp1 expression in the diabetic mice. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.Form:Solid... Read More | Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：CD200 R1, also known as OX-2 receptor, is a 90 kDa transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily and is important in the regulation of myeloid cell activity. The human CD200 R1 cDNA encodes a 325 Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：CD200 R1, also known as OX-2 receptor, is a 90 kDa transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily and is important in the regulation of myeloid cell activity. The human CD200 R1 cDNA encodes a 325 amino acid (aa) precursor that includes a 28 aa signal sequence, a 215 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 61 aa cytoplasmic domain. The ECD is composed of one Ig-like V-type domain and one Ig-like C2-type domain. Within the ECD, human CD200 R1 shares 56% aa sequence identity with both mouse and rat CD200 R1. Alternate splicing of the human CD200 R1 mRNA generates four isoforms, two of which are truncated in the Ig-C2 domain and are likely secreted. In human, a separate CD200 RL gene encodes a protein that shares 81% ECD aa identity with CD200 R1. In mouse, at least four genes for CD200 R1-like molecules have been described. CD200 R1 expression is restricted primarily to mast cells, basophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, while its ligand, CD200, is widely distributed. Disruption of this receptor-ligand system by knockout of the CD200 gene in mice leads to increased macrophage number and activation and predisposition to autoimmune disorders. Association of CD200 with CD200 R1 takes place between their respective N-terminal Ig-like domains. The capacity of CD200 R1-like molecules to interact with CD200 is controversial. CD200 R1 propagates inhibitory signals despite lacking a cytoplasmic ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif). CD200 R1-like molecules, in contrast, are potentially activating receptors by means of their association with DAP12. CD200R1 signaling inhibits the expression of proinflammatory molecules including TNFs, IFNs, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to selected stimuli, which implicate that CD200/CD200R1 inhibitory signaling pathway plays a prominent role in limiting inflammation in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the CD200/CD200R inhibitory signaling constitutes one of the most suitable endogenous immunoregulatory molecule candidate to restore the immune suppressive status of the CNS altered in chronic neuroinflammatory situations... Read More |