| Description | Physical appearance: LiquidStorage buffer solution: GelRed dye, Stabilizer, 10mM Tris-HCl, 5mM EDTA, 0.03% Bromophenol Blue, 0.03% Xylene Cyanol, 30% Glycerol, pH7.6Product Description1. This product is composed of 9 linear double stranded DNA fragments, ranging in size from 100bp to 5000bp, Physical appearance: LiquidStorage buffer solution: GelRed dye, Stabilizer, 10mM Tris-HCl, 5mM EDTA, 0.03% Bromophenol Blue, 0.03% Xylene Cyanol, 30% Glycerol, pH7.6Product Description1. This product is composed of 9 linear double stranded DNA fragments, ranging in size from 100bp to 5000bp, including 100bp, 250bp, 500bp, 750bp, 1000bp, 1500bp, 2000bp, 3000bp, and 5000bp. 500bp and 1500bp are highlighted bands with concentrations 2.5 times higher than other bands, making them easier to observe after electrophoresis.2. In this product, the content of regular stripes is about 30ng, and the content of bright stripes is about 75ng.3. This product has been saved in a 1xLoading Buffer and can be directly used for electrophoresis, making it easy to use.4. This product and its accompanying 5xLoading buffer already contain Gelred nucleic acid dye, which can be used in conjunction. After electrophoresis, it can be directly observed under UV without the need for subsequent staining treatment.5. This product is not suitable for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.6. Recommended concentration of electrophoresis buffer and agarose gel:1xTAE electrophoresis bufferAgarose concentration: 1.5%~2.0%7. Using this product system, no nucleic acid dye is needed in agarose gel.instructions1. Prepare agarose gel with appropriate concentration and without any nucleic acid dye.2. The concentration of gel has a great influence on DNA electrophoresis. The recommended concentration of agarose gel for this product is 1.5%~2.0%.3. It is recommended to use 1xTAE buffer with an electrophoresis voltage not exceeding 10v/cm.4. The commonly used 3.5mm sample well requires a recommended amount of 3-5 µ l for DNA markers, and the sample size should be appropriately increased for wide gel wells.5. Mix the sample to be tested with the matching 5xLoading buffer in a ratio of about 4:1, and then add it to the gel sampling hole.6. Electrophoretic to appropriate distance:Because Gelred is firmly bound to DNA, it can make full use of the length of gel, and the electrophoresis distance is longer, as long as the smallest segment does not run out of the gel, so as to facilitate the electrophoresis separation of small segments. Generally, the distance between the bromophenol blue indicator band and the edge of gel shall not be less than 1cm.7. After electrophoresis, observe the electrophoresis bands under ultraviolet light.8. The 5x loading buffer included in the product is used for sampling after mixing with the sample to be tested, and contains dual indicators of bromophenol blue and xylene blue.9. If there are a large number of samples that can be directly sampled and require electrophoresis detection, it is recommended to use Gelred gel method for detection without pre mixing samples, which can save a lot of experimental time. Product componentR751622Component100 T500TStorageR751622AGelred-prestained DNA Ladder (100-5000bp)500 µL5× 500 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.R751622BGelred-prestained 5xLoading buffer 500 µL5× 500 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of complement. The C1 complex is a non-covalent assembly of three different proteins (C1q, C1r, and C1s) bound together in a calcium-dependent complex. C1q has six extended arms with domains at the end of each arm that bind to the Fc domains of immunoglobulins such as IgG or IgM. When antibodies bind toantigens, forming immune complexes, they cluster allowing two or more of the six C1q arms to bind to the Fc domains of antibodies. Rat IgG2 is very efficient when compared to IgG1 in activating complement (Medgyesi, G.A et., al., 1981). This is in contrast to the human system in which IgG1 activates complement but not IgG2 (Redpath, S. et. al., 1998). The binding of multiple arms of C1q to immune complexes causes the two C1r proteins in the complex (protease zymogens) to auto-activate. The activated C1r proteases cleave and activate the two C1s protease zymogens in the complex. The activated C1s cleaves complement component C4 releasing C4a and initiating covalent attachment of C4b to the activating surface. Activated C1s also cleaves C2 and the larger fragment of C2 binds to the surface-attached C4b forming C4b,C2a, the C3/C5 convertase of the classical pathway.Rat IgG1 cannot activate complement whereas rat IgG2 does.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe apparent molecular weight of rat C1q as determined by gel filtration has been reported to be 400,000 by Veerhuis, R. et al., (1985) and is calculated to be 420,000 based on its amino acid sequence. Rat C1q is a high molecular weight complex of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of the six arms of rat C1q contains three chains, an A chain (~30,000 daltons), a B chain (~28,000 daltons) and a C chain (~26,000 daltons) as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Wing, M.G. et al., (1993)).FunctionThe biological functions of C1q are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.ApplicationsRat C1q can be used to coat ELISA plates to capture and quantitate immune complexes in samples from rat models used for studying immune complex related diseases and conditions.GeneticsNCBI Gene ID numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (298566), C1q B chain (29687), and C1q C chain (362634). The genes for C1q chains A, B and C are all located on chromosome 5. The UniprotKB primary accession numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (P31720), C1q B chain (P31721), and C1q C chain (P31722).Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesMedgyesi, G.A et., Miklos, K., Kulics, J., Fust, G., and Gergely, J. Bazin, H. (1981). Classes and subclasses of rat antibodies: reaction with the antigen and interaction of the complex with the complement system. Immunology 43, 171-176.Redpath, S., Michaelsen, T., Sandlie, I. and Clark, M. R. (1998). Activation of complement by human IgG1 and human IgG3 antibodies against the human leucocyte antigen CD52. Immunology 93, 595–600.Veerhuis, R., Van Es, L.A. and Daha, M.R. (1985). In vivo degradation of rat C1q induced by intravenous injection of soluble IgG aggregates. Immunology 54, 801-810.Wing, M.G., Seilly, D. J., Bridgman, D.J. and Harrison, R.A. (1993). Rapid isolation and biochemical characterization of rat C1 and C1q. Molecular Immunology 30, 433-440... Read More | Extinction Coeff.A280 nm = 1.0 at 1.0 mg/mLSpecificityMonospecific for Factor B in human plasma and serumGeneral DescriptionProduct is whole polyclonal antiserum from goats immunized with highly purified human complement protein. Product is not a purified IgG fraction. Goats are maintained in FDA Extinction Coeff.A280 nm = 1.0 at 1.0 mg/mLSpecificityMonospecific for Factor B in human plasma and serumGeneral DescriptionProduct is whole polyclonal antiserum from goats immunized with highly purified human complement protein. Product is not a purified IgG fraction. Goats are maintained in FDA certified facilities.Physical Characteristics & StructureAntibodies present in the antisera are primarily IgGApplicationsWestern Blots: Effective at dilutions 1/4,000 to 1/8,000 depending on conditions.Most effective against non-reduced antigen.ELISA: Effective at dilutions 1/8,000 to 1/16,000 depending on conditions.Immunodiffusion: Effective against NHS and plasma at 1/16 dilution... Read More | Inquire | Tyrosine decarboxylase catalyzes the removal of the carboxyl group from tyrosine to produce tyramine and carbon dioxide. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a necessary cofactor. By using the apoenzyme prepared from cells grown on a vitamin B6 deficient medium pyridoxal phosphate may be determined. The Tyrosine decarboxylase catalyzes the removal of the carboxyl group from tyrosine to produce tyramine and carbon dioxide. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a necessary cofactor. By using the apoenzyme prepared from cells grown on a vitamin B6 deficient medium pyridoxal phosphate may be determined. The HOLOenzyme may be used to determine tyrosine, phenylalanine and dihydroxyphenylalanine either manometrically or colorimetrically.L-Tyrosine decarboxylase apoenzyme from Streptococcus faecalis has been used in a study to purify and characterize tyrosine decarboxylase and aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase.L-Tyrosine decarboxylase apoenzyme from Streptococcus faecalis has also been used in a study to investigate the stereospecificity of sodium borohydride reduction of tyrosine decarboxylase... Read More |