| Description | The Flag tag is an octapeptide composed of hydrophilic amino acids, strategically positioned on the surface of fusion proteins. This location facilitates easier binding to antibodies and cleavage by enterokinase. Anti-Flag Agarose Resin utilizes an anti-Flag (DYKDDDDK) antibody as the affinity The Flag tag is an octapeptide composed of hydrophilic amino acids, strategically positioned on the surface of fusion proteins. This location facilitates easier binding to antibodies and cleavage by enterokinase. Anti-Flag Agarose Resin utilizes an anti-Flag (DYKDDDDK) antibody as the affinity ligand for the one-step purification of Flag-tagged fusion proteins expressed in prokaryotic, yeast, or mammalian cell systems. This product is based on a 4% agarose gel matrix, which minimizes non-specific binding of host cell proteins, making it suitable for both the purification and immunoprecipitation (IP) of Flag-tagged fusion proteins. Aladdin Anti-Flag Agarose Resin is stored in a solution containing 0.1% ProClin 300, with a settled gel to storage solution ratio of 1:1. The product specification refers to the actual volume of the settled gel.ParameterValue / DescriptionMatrix4% Agarose MicrospheresLigandAnti-DYKDDDDK AntibodyParticle Size Range45~165 µmBinding Capacity>1 mg DYKDDDDK-tagged protein / mL resinMaximum Pressure0.1 MPa, 1 barStorage Conditions0.1% ProClin 300, 2~8℃Shelf Life2 yearsProtocol1. Sample PreparationEnsure the sample solution has appropriate ionic strength and pH before loading. Dilute the sample or cell culture supernatant with equilibration buffer, or dialyze the sample against equilibration buffer.Clarify the sample by centrifugation or filtration through a 0.22 µm or 0.45 µm membrane to reduce impurities, improve purification efficiency, and prevent column clogging.2. Buffer PreparationIt is recommended to filter water and buffers through a 0.22 µm or 0.45 µm membrane before use.Equilibration/Wash Buffer: 50 mM Tris, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4Acidic Elution Buffer: 0.1 M Glycine-HCl, pH 3.0Competitive Elution Buffer: 50 mM Tris, 0.15 M NaCl, 100-500 µg Flag peptide / mL, pH 7.4Neutralization Buffer: 1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.03. Sample Purification3.1 Column Chromatography(1) Pack the Anti-Flag Agarose Resin into a suitable chromatography column. Equilibrate the column with 5 column volumes (CV) of Equilibration Buffer to bring the resin into the same buffer system as the target protein.(2) Load the sample onto the equilibrated Anti-Flag Agarose Resin. Collect the flow-through. The sample can be reloaded to increase binding efficiency.(3) Wash with 10 CV of Wash Buffer to remove non-specifically bound proteins. Collect the wash fractions.(4) Elution:* A. Acidic Elution: Elute with 5 CV of Acidic Elution Buffer. Add a volume of Neutralization Buffer equal to one-tenth of the elution volume to each fraction to adjust the pH to 7.0–8.0. Collect fractions separately.* Note: After acidic elution, the resin must be immediately re-equilibrated. Do not expose the Anti-Flag Agarose Resin to the acidic elution buffer for more than 20 minutes.*** B. Competitive Elution: Elute with 5 CV of Competitive Elution Buffer. Collect fractions separately.(5) Regenerate the resin with 3 CV of the respective Elution Buffer, then re-equilibrate with Equilibration Buffer until neutral pH is reached.(6) Store the resin in Storage Buffer at 2–8°C.3.2 Batch/Binding Method(1) Resin Preparation: Transfer an appropriate amount of Anti-Flag Agarose Resin to a column and drain the storage solution. Wash with 5 CV of Equilibration Buffer.(2) Add the sample solution. Incubate with shaking at 4°C or room temperature for at least 30 minutes (avoid magnetic stirring). Ensure thorough mixing of the resin and sample.(3) After incubation, centrifuge the mixture (5,000 × g, 1 min) or filter to collect the resin.(4) Transfer the resin to a column. Wash with Equilibration Buffer until the UV baseline stabilizes.(5) Elute using either the Acidic or Competitive Elution method as described in section 3.1 (4).(6) Regenerate and store the resin as described in sections 3.1 (5) and (6).3.3 Immunoprecipitation (IP) Procedure(1) Resin Preparation: Add 40 µL of Anti-Flag Agarose Resin suspension (20 µL settled resin) to a 2 mL tube. Centrifuge at 5,000 × g for 1 min. Carefully remove and discard the supernatant.(2) Add 0.5 mL of Equilibration Buffer to resuspend the resin (this brings it into the correct buffer system, protecting the protein). Centrifuge at 5,000 × g for 1 min. Discard the supernatant. Repeat this wash step once.(3) Add 200–1000 µL of sample lysate to the prepared resin. Mix thoroughly and incubate on a tube rotator or roller mixer at room temperature for at least 1 hour to facilitate binding. Centrifuge at 5,000 × g for 1 min. Discard the supernatant.(4) Washing: Add 0.5 mL of Wash Buffer, resuspend the resin, and mix gently. Centrifuge at 5,000 × g for 1 min. Discard the supernatant. Repeat this wash step three more times to ensure removal of non-specifically bound material.(5) Elution: Choose the elution method based on downstream application requirements.* A. Acidic Elution: Add 100 µL of Acidic Elution Buffer and resuspend the resin. Incubate at room temperature for 5 min. Centrifuge at 5,000 × g for 1 min. Carefully collect the supernatant without disturbing the resin. Neutralize immediately with Neutralization Buffer. Store eluted samples at 4°C short-term or -20°C long-term.* B. Competitive Elution: Add 100 µL of Competitive Elution Buffer and resuspend the resin. Incubate at room temperature for 30 min. Centrifuge at 5,000 × g for 1 min. Carefully collect the supernatant. Store eluted samples at 4°C short-term or -20°C long-term.* C. Denaturing Elution (SDS-PAGE): Standard protein loading buffer (containing β-mercaptoethanol/DTT and SDS) will denature the anti-Flag antibody, releasing the bound protein but rendering the resin unusable for reuse. Add 20 µL of 2× Loading Buffer to the resin, heat at 95°C for 5 min. Centrifuge at 5,000 × g for 1 min, and load the supernatant directly onto an SDS-PAGE gel for analysis.Reagent CompatibilityReagentMaximum Tolerant ConcentrationNotesβ-Mercaptoethanol10 mMAvoid during purification; if used in IP, resin cannot be reusedDTT80 mMAvoid during purification; if used in IP, resin cannot be reusedSDS--Avoid during purification; if used in IP, resin cannot be reusedEDTA5 mMHigher concentrations reduce protein recoveryTween-205%High concentrations may reduce binding efficiencyTriton X-1005%High concentrations may reduce binding efficiencyNP-404%High concentrations may reduce binding efficiencyGuanidine HCl0.3 MHigher concentrations denature the antibodyUrea1.5 MHigher concentrations denature the antibodyGlycerol20%High concentrations may affect protein bindingNaCl1 MHelps reduce non-specific adsorptionTroubleshooting Guide... Read More | Inquire | Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Receptor for the invariable Fc fragment of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG). Optimally activated upon binding of clustered antigen-IgG complexes displayed on cell surfaces, triggers lysis of antibody-coated cells,Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Receptor for the invariable Fc fragment of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG). Optimally activated upon binding of clustered antigen-IgG complexes displayed on cell surfaces, triggers lysis of antibody-coated cells, a process known as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Does not bind free monomeric IgG, thus avoiding inappropriate effector cell activation in the absence of antigenic trigger (By similarity).Mediates IgG effector functions on natural killer (NK) cells. Binds antigen-IgG complexes generated upon infection and triggers NK cell-dependent cytokine production and degranulation to limit viral load and propagation (By similarity).Fc-binding subunit that associates with FCER1G adapter to form functional signaling complexes. Following the engagement of antigen-IgG complexes, triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adapter with subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and sustained elevation of intracellular calcium that ultimately drive NK cell activation (By similarity).Mediates enhanced ADCC in response to afucosylated IgGs (By similarity)... Read More | Purity≥ 95% SDS-PAGE.Additional sequence informationMature chain.FunctionCould be a growth factor active in the process of wound healing. Acts as a mitogen in the lung. May act in a manner similar to FGF-7 | Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：KGF (keratinocyte growth factor), also known as FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor-7), is one of 22 known members of the mouse FGF family of secreted proteins that plays a key role in development, Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：KGF (keratinocyte growth factor), also known as FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor-7), is one of 22 known members of the mouse FGF family of secreted proteins that plays a key role in development, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumorigenesis (1-4). KGF expression is restricted to cells of mesenchymal origin. When secreted, it acts as a paracrine growth factor for nearby epithelial cells (1). KGF speeds wound healing by being dramatically upregulated in response to damage to skin or internal structures that results in high local concentrations of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1 and TNF-alpha. (2, 5). KGF promotes cell migration and invasion, and mediates melanocyte transfer to keratinocytes upon UVB radiation (6, 7). It has been used ectopically to avoid chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with hematological malignancies (1). Deletion of KGF affects kidney development, producing abnormally small ureteric buds and fewer nephrons (8). It also impedes hair follicle differentiation (9). The 194 amino acid (aa) KGF precursor contains a 31 aa signal sequence and, like all other FGFs, an ~120 aa beta -trefoil scaffold that includes receptor- and heparin-binding sites. KGF signals only through the IIIb splice form of the tyrosine kinase receptor, FGF R2 (FGF R2-IIIb/KGF R) (10). Receptor dimerization requires an octameric or larger heparin or heparin sulfate proteoglycan (11). FGF-10, also called KGF2, shares 51% aa identity and similar function to KGF, but shows more limited expression than KGF and uses an additional receptor, FGF R2-IIIc (12). Following receptor engagement, KGF is typically degraded, while FGF-10 is recycled (12). Mature human KGF, which is active across species, shares 98% aa sequence identity with bovine, equine, ovine and canine, 96% with mouse and porcine, and 92% with rat KGF, respectively... Read More |