| Description | Product Description：Active blocker, recommended for IgM detection products.IgM antibody detection is an effective diagnostic method to determine the initial or early infection of pathogens. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and specific IgG antibodies in serum samples may affect the specificity and Product Description：Active blocker, recommended for IgM detection products.IgM antibody detection is an effective diagnostic method to determine the initial or early infection of pathogens. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and specific IgG antibodies in serum samples may affect the specificity and sensitivity of detection reagents, resulting in erroneous results. Using IgG/RF adsorbent to pretreat samples to remove the above-mentioned substances that may interfere is the simplest and fastest way to improve detection specificity, sensitivity and stability.Goat anti-human IgG (Fc) antibody (0.01M PBS, pH7.4), purified by antigen affinity chromatography, with a purity ≥ 95%, filtered through 0.2 µm, without adding preservatives.Filtration: 0.2umNotes：Long-term storage should be ≤-20°C. The product can be stored at 2°C-8°C for a short period of time without opening, and the storage time should not exceed 7 days. Because this product does not add any preservatives, if it is opened and used, it is not recommended to store it at 2-8°C. For long-term storage at ℃, it should be subpackaged and stored at ≤-20℃.Technical background:Specific IgM detection is a serological diagnostic method for judging the initial or early infection of pathogens. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and specific IgG antibodies in serum samples may affect the specificity and sensitivity of detection reagents, resulting in erroneous results. It is the simplest and fastest way to improve the specificity, sensitivity and stability of detection by using IgG/RF adsorbent, a special blocking agent for IgM detection, to pretreat the sample to remove the above-mentioned substances that may interfere.Action principle:After the adsorbent is in contact with the sample, the IgG antibody in the serum reacts with the adsorbent to form an IgG complex, which prevents it from competing with the IgM to be tested for antigen binding, and improves the detection sensitivity. At the same time, the rheumatoid factor (RF) that may exist in the sample will be eliminated. The IgG complex is adsorbed to remove its interference to the detection process.Method of application:1. Immunochromatographic productsThe adsorbent can be added to the sample processing pad at a certain concentration, and the concentration used is determined through a gradient test according to the amount of sample used.2. ELISA products2.1. The sample can be pretreated by adding the adsorbent to the sample diluent.2.2. Determine the content of the adsorbent in the sample diluent according to the sample usage and dilution of the corresponding product, and the most suitable concentration should be determined through a gradient test.2.3. The pretreatment time is between 5 and 30 minutes and should be determined experimentally.2.4. The pretreated sample may appear turbid due to IgG complexes. It can be centrifuged at low speed for 2-3 minutes to remove the precipitate and take the supernatant for detection. If it is verified that the turbid sample has no effect on the experimental results, it can be directly tested.2.5. The effect of adding adsorbents on the reaction system in the sample dilution should be fully considered to ensure that the active ingredients in the sample dilution are not affected by the adsorbent.3. Other IgM detection products The use method and concentration of the adsorbent should be determined according to the corresponding technical route and detection method. An inappropriate concentration of the adsorbent may cause precipitation, and the most suitable concentration should be selected through experiments... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of complement. The C1 complex is a non-covalent assembly of three different proteins (C1q, C1r, and C1s) bound together in a calcium-dependent complex. C1q has six extended arms with domains at the end of each arm that bind to the Fc domains of immunoglobulins such as IgG or IgM. When antibodies bind toantigens, forming immune complexes, they cluster allowing two or more of the six C1q arms to bind to the Fc domains of antibodies. Rat IgG2 is very efficient when compared to IgG1 in activating complement (Medgyesi, G.A et., al., 1981). This is in contrast to the human system in which IgG1 activates complement but not IgG2 (Redpath, S. et. al., 1998). The binding of multiple arms of C1q to immune complexes causes the two C1r proteins in the complex (protease zymogens) to auto-activate. The activated C1r proteases cleave and activate the two C1s protease zymogens in the complex. The activated C1s cleaves complement component C4 releasing C4a and initiating covalent attachment of C4b to the activating surface. Activated C1s also cleaves C2 and the larger fragment of C2 binds to the surface-attached C4b forming C4b,C2a, the C3/C5 convertase of the classical pathway.Rat IgG1 cannot activate complement whereas rat IgG2 does.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe apparent molecular weight of rat C1q as determined by gel filtration has been reported to be 400,000 by Veerhuis, R. et al., (1985) and is calculated to be 420,000 based on its amino acid sequence. Rat C1q is a high molecular weight complex of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of the six arms of rat C1q contains three chains, an A chain (~30,000 daltons), a B chain (~28,000 daltons) and a C chain (~26,000 daltons) as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Wing, M.G. et al., (1993)).FunctionThe biological functions of C1q are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.ApplicationsRat C1q can be used to coat ELISA plates to capture and quantitate immune complexes in samples from rat models used for studying immune complex related diseases and conditions.GeneticsNCBI Gene ID numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (298566), C1q B chain (29687), and C1q C chain (362634). The genes for C1q chains A, B and C are all located on chromosome 5. The UniprotKB primary accession numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (P31720), C1q B chain (P31721), and C1q C chain (P31722).Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesMedgyesi, G.A et., Miklos, K., Kulics, J., Fust, G., and Gergely, J. Bazin, H. (1981). Classes and subclasses of rat antibodies: reaction with the antigen and interaction of the complex with the complement system. Immunology 43, 171-176.Redpath, S., Michaelsen, T., Sandlie, I. and Clark, M. R. (1998). Activation of complement by human IgG1 and human IgG3 antibodies against the human leucocyte antigen CD52. Immunology 93, 595–600.Veerhuis, R., Van Es, L.A. and Daha, M.R. (1985). In vivo degradation of rat C1q induced by intravenous injection of soluble IgG aggregates. Immunology 54, 801-810.Wing, M.G., Seilly, D. J., Bridgman, D.J. and Harrison, R.A. (1993). Rapid isolation and biochemical characterization of rat C1 and C1q. Molecular Immunology 30, 433-440... Read More | Product Application：Isoelectric point: 7.2 (Maehly 1955).Inhibitors: Horseradish peroxidase is reversibly inhibited by cyanide and sulfide at a concentration of 10-5 M (Theorell 1951).Specificity: The enzyme exhibits a high specificity. Activity is observed with H2O2, MeOOH, and EtOOH (MaehlyProduct Application：Isoelectric point: 7.2 (Maehly 1955).Inhibitors: Horseradish peroxidase is reversibly inhibited by cyanide and sulfide at a concentration of 10-5 M (Theorell 1951).Specificity: The enzyme exhibits a high specificity. Activity is observed with H2O2, MeOOH, and EtOOH (Maehly and Chance 1954). See also Chmielnicka et al. (1971) and Morrison and Bayse (1973)... Read More | Inquire | Trypsin is a pancreatic serine protease with substrate specificity based upon positively charged lysine and arginine side chains. It is derived from a 34 kDa inactive precursor zymogen, trypsinogen, after enzymatic removal of an N-terminal 6-amino acid leader sequence resulting in the 23.8 kDa Trypsin is a pancreatic serine protease with substrate specificity based upon positively charged lysine and arginine side chains. It is derived from a 34 kDa inactive precursor zymogen, trypsinogen, after enzymatic removal of an N-terminal 6-amino acid leader sequence resulting in the 23.8 kDa trypsin molecule. The optimum pH is 8.0. Trypsin is inhibited by organophosphorus compounds such as diisopropylfluorophosphate and natural inhibitors from pancreas. Soybean, lima bean, and egg white are also sources of natural inhibitors. Trypsin cleaves amide and ester bonds of Arg and Lys. The Aladdin Sequencing Grade Trypsin has been further purified to remove trace contaminating proteases and autolysis products which could interfere in trypsin digestion experiments, and exhibits a single band on PAGE.Trypsin is a serine protease used to hydrolyze proteins. Trypsin from bovine pancreas has a molecular weight of 23.8 kDa. Trypsins are used for the re-suspension of cells during cell culture and in proteomics research for the digestion of various proteins... Read More |