| Description | Cathepsin D is an estrogen-regulated protein associated with tissue breakdown. Levels of cathepsin D have been positively correlated with recurring breast cancers of both node-negative and node-positive types. Additionally cathepsin D has been associated with amyloid formation in Alzheimer's plaquesCathepsin D is an estrogen-regulated protein associated with tissue breakdown. Levels of cathepsin D have been positively correlated with recurring breast cancers of both node-negative and node-positive types. Additionally cathepsin D has been associated with amyloid formation in Alzheimer's plaques. As cathepsin D activity is increased by cigarette smoke, the enzyme may contribute to lung tissue damage in smokers.Activity: >=300 units per mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that digests hemoglobin-releasing peptides which are soluble in 10% TCA. The reaction is measured by an increase of an A 280 of 1.0 per 60 minutes at 37°C. Substrate: acid denatured hemoglobin, pH 1.8 (0.2% in reaction mixture). Buffer: 100 mM formate, pH 3.3.Product Citations:Armstrong, Andrea, Niklas Mattsson, Hanna Appelqvist, Camilla Janefjord, Linnea Sandin, Lotta Agholme, Bob Olsson et al. "Lysosomal Network Proteins as Potential Novel CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease." Neuromolecular medicine (2013): 1-11Appelqvist, Hanna, et al. "Lysosome-mediated apoptosis is associated with cathepsin D-specific processing of bid at Phe24, Trp48, and Phe183."Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 42.3 (2012): 231-242.References:Barrett, A.J. 1977. Proteinases in Mammalian Cells and Tissues. (A. Barrett, ed.) 4, 209.Barrett, A.J. 1970. Biochemistry. 117, 601.Tandon, A.K. et al. 1990. N. Engl. J. Med. 322, 297.Cataldo, A.M. et al. 1990. Brain Res. 513, 181.Chang, J.C. et al. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140, 958... Read More | Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid present in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which makes up to 20% of total lipids. It is a non-bilayer anionic phospholipid, which has four acyl chains and small headgroupHeart CA has been used as a standard stock solution for its quantitative analysis using Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid present in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which makes up to 20% of total lipids. It is a non-bilayer anionic phospholipid, which has four acyl chains and small headgroupHeart CA has been used as a standard stock solution for its quantitative analysis using liquid chromatography?mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS. It has also been used for liposome preparation... Read More | Biochemical Test:SDS-PAGE (purity > 80%); Western blot with patient sample.Calculated Isoelectric Point:pH 5.68 | Inquire | Inquire |