| Description | ApplicationIt is used for the development and mass preparation of total bile acid (TBA) reagents.Enzymatic properties (note that 2+, +, 3+ are superscripts)Source: MicroorganismEnzymology Committee Number: EC1.1.1.50Molecular weight: 30 kDa (SDS-PAGE)Isoelectric point: 5.2Km value: 3.6×10-5M (ApplicationIt is used for the development and mass preparation of total bile acid (TBA) reagents.Enzymatic properties (note that 2+, +, 3+ are superscripts)Source: MicroorganismEnzymology Committee Number: EC1.1.1.50Molecular weight: 30 kDa (SDS-PAGE)Isoelectric point: 5.2Km value: 3.6×10-5M (androsterone), 4.7×10-5M (NAD+)Inhibitors: Cu²⁺，Ag⁺，Hg²⁺，Zn²⁺，Fe³⁺ Optimum pH: 8.5-9.5 Figure 1Optimum temperature: 55℃ Figure 2pH stability: 6.0-9.0 (25℃,16h) Figure 3Thermal stability: Stable below 37℃ (pH9.0, 30min) Figure 4Stability: -25 ~ -15℃ standing store for 12 monthsMore than 90% activity Figure 5Protective agent: BSA Assay method for activity1. PrincipleThe NADH produced by the reaction can be detected with a spectrophotometer at 340nm.2. Definition of enzyme activityUnit enzyme activity is defined as the amount of enzyme required to catalyze the production of 1µmolNADH per minute under the following conditions.3. Reagent preparationReagent I: 0.1M sodium pyrophosphate (adjust pH to 8.9 with HCl).Reagent II: Dissolve 319mg NAD+ into 25mL double steaming water, adjust the pH to 7.0-7.5 with solid NaHCO3, and adjust the volume to 30mL with double steaming water.Reagent III: Dissolve 30mg into 100mL methanol.Enzyme diluent: 10mMTris-HCl, pH 9.0.4. Operation procedure1. Add 2.6mL reagent I, 0.2mL reagent II and 0.1mL reagent III into a 3mL colorimetric dish and mix well.2. Preheat the reaction mixture at 25°C for 5min.3. Add 0.1mL enzyme liquid to the reaction mixture, mix it well, react at 25°C, and record the absorbance change within 1min at 340nm with a spectrophotometer (∆As).* Replace enzyme liquid with enzyme diluent, other steps are the same, the absorbance of the resulting solution is blank absorbance (∆Ab)∆A=∆As-∆Ab5. Vitality computing3.00: total volume of reaction liquid (mL);0.10: enzyme liquid volume (mL);1.0: optical path length (cm);df: dilution ratio;C: Enzyme concentration (mg/mL);6.22: Nanomolar absorption coefficient of NADH at 340nm (cm2/µmol)... Read More | Inquire | Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Receptor for the invariable Fc fragment of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) (By similarity).Optimally activated upon binding of clustered antigen-IgG complexes displayed on cell surfaces, triggers lysis of Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：Receptor for the invariable Fc fragment of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) (By similarity).Optimally activated upon binding of clustered antigen-IgG complexes displayed on cell surfaces, triggers lysis of antibody-coated cells, a process known as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Does not bind free monomeric IgG, thus avoiding inappropriate effector cell activation in the absence of antigenic trigger. Mediates IgG effector functions on natural killer (NK) cells. Binds antigen-IgG complexes generated upon infection and triggers NK cell-dependent cytokine production and degranulation to limit viral load and propagation (By similarity).Fc-binding subunit that associates with FCER1G adapters to form functional signaling complexes. Following the engagement of antigen-IgG complexes, triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adapters with subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and sustained elevation of intracellular calcium that ultimately drive NK cell activation (By similarity).Mediates enhanced ADCC in response to afucosylated IgGs... Read More | Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：CD200 R1, also known as OX-2 receptor, is a 90 kDa transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily and is important in the regulation of myeloid cell activity. The human CD200 R1 cDNA encodes a 325 Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：CD200 R1, also known as OX-2 receptor, is a 90 kDa transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily and is important in the regulation of myeloid cell activity. The human CD200 R1 cDNA encodes a 325 amino acid (aa) precursor that includes a 28 aa signal sequence, a 215 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 61 aa cytoplasmic domain. The ECD is composed of one Ig-like V-type domain and one Ig-like C2-type domain. Within the ECD, human CD200 R1 shares 56% aa sequence identity with both mouse and rat CD200 R1. Alternate splicing of the human CD200 R1 mRNA generates four isoforms, two of which are truncated in the Ig-C2 domain and are likely secreted. In human, a separate CD200 RL gene encodes a protein that shares 81% ECD aa identity with CD200 R1. In mouse, at least four genes for CD200 R1-like molecules have been described. CD200 R1 expression is restricted primarily to mast cells, basophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, while its ligand, CD200, is widely distributed. Disruption of this receptor-ligand system by knockout of the CD200 gene in mice leads to increased macrophage number and activation and predisposition to autoimmune disorders. Association of CD200 with CD200 R1 takes place between their respective N-terminal Ig-like domains. The capacity of CD200 R1-like molecules to interact with CD200 is controversial. CD200 R1 propagates inhibitory signals despite lacking a cytoplasmic ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif). CD200 R1-like molecules, in contrast, are potentially activating receptors by means of their association with DAP12. CD200R1 signaling inhibits the expression of proinflammatory molecules including TNFs, IFNs, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to selected stimuli, which implicate that CD200/CD200R1 inhibitory signaling pathway plays a prominent role in limiting inflammation in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the CD200/CD200R inhibitory signaling constitutes one of the most suitable endogenous immunoregulatory molecule candidate to restore the immune suppressive status of the CNS altered in chronic neuroinflammatory situations... Read More | Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by recruiting leukocytes to acute and chronic inflammation sites. Alternatively-spliced forms are known to occur, but the most common form is a type I transmembrane protein with a 674 aa extracellular domain (ECD) that includes seven C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 19 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, human VCAM-1 shares 75% and 76% aa sequence identity with the mouse and rat VCAM-1, respectively. VCAM-1 binds to leukocyte integrins alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7. During the inflammatory adhesion mechanism, activated integrins halt rolling leukocytes and attach them firmly to the vascular endothelium. The VCAM-1:VLA-4/ alpha 4 beta 7 interaction is also thought to be involved in the extravasation of white blood cells through the blood vessel wall to sites of inflammation. ELISA techniques have shown that detectable levels of soluble VCAM-1 are present in the biological fluids of apparently normal individuals, but elevated levels of serum VCAM-1 are indicative of future Atrial Fibrillation incident as well as liver disease. Tumor cells use overexpression of VCAM-1 as means of escaping immune surveillance.Post-translational modifications：Sialoglycoprotein.Function:Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with the beta-1 integrin VLA4 on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/VLA4 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation... Read More |