| Description | IL1B Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for IL1B gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components IL1B siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) IL1B siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) IL1B siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 IL1B Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for IL1B gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components IL1B siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) IL1B siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) IL1B siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Nucleoprotein (396-404) TFA is the 396 to 404 fragment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Nucleoprotein (396-404) TFA is the H-2D(b)-restricted immunodominant epitope and can be used as a molecular model of viral antigen.Biological Activity:Nucleoprotein (396-404) TFA is the 396 to 404 Nucleoprotein (396-404) TFA is the 396 to 404 fragment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Nucleoprotein (396-404) TFA is the H-2D(b)-restricted immunodominant epitope and can be used as a molecular model of viral antigen.Biological Activity:Nucleoprotein (396-404) TFA is the 396 to 404 fragment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Nucleoprotein (396-404) TFA is the H-2D(b)-restricted immunodominant epitope and can be used as a molecular model of viral antigen... Read More | Protein kinase inhibitor 1 hydrochloride is a potent HIPK2 inhibitor, with IC 50 s of 136 and 74 nM for HIPK1 and HIPK2, and a K d of 9.5 nM for HIPK2.In VitroProtein kinase inhibitor 1 hydrochloride is a potent HIPK2 inhibitor, with IC 50 s of 136 and 74 nM for HIPK1 and HIPK2, and a K d of 9.5 nM Protein kinase inhibitor 1 hydrochloride is a potent HIPK2 inhibitor, with IC 50 s of 136 and 74 nM for HIPK1 and HIPK2, and a K d of 9.5 nM for HIPK2.In VitroProtein kinase inhibitor 1 hydrochloride is a potent HIPK2 inhibitor, with IC 50 s of 136 and 74 nM for HIPK1 and HIPK2, and a K d of 9.5 nM for HIPK2. Protein kinase inhibitor 1 (Compound A64) is not an effective Cdk1 inhibitor (IC 50 > 10 µM). A64 is moderately selective across a panel of kinases, with K d s of 3.7 nM (PIM3), 6.1 nM (CSNK2A2), 6.1 nM (CSNK2A2), 8.8 nM (DYRK1A), 9.5 nM (DAPK1), 31 nM (CSNK2A1), 37 nM (PIM1), 130 nM (DRAK2), 150 nM (CLK2), 190 nM (DRAK1), 220 nM (ULK2), 240 nM (CLK1), 250 nM (DYRK2), and 390 nM (ERK8) and IC 50 s of 19 nM (DYRK1A), 62 nM (DYRK1B), and 74 nM (HIPK2). MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.IC50& Target:DYRK1 DYRK2... Read More | Reverse transcriptases are enzymes encoded in retroviruses viral genome. The enzyme is responsible for transcription of the viral RNA to produce a dsDNA that can be inserted into the host genome.Reverse transcriptases are multifunctional enzymes. These enzymes exhibit an RNA and DNA directed Reverse transcriptases are enzymes encoded in retroviruses viral genome. The enzyme is responsible for transcription of the viral RNA to produce a dsDNA that can be inserted into the host genome.Reverse transcriptases are multifunctional enzymes. These enzymes exhibit an RNA and DNA directed polymerase activity. In addition reverse transcriptases catalyze the degradation of RNA in an RNA-DNA hybrid. The exonucleolytic activity proceeds in a 5' ---> 3' direction. The RNA or DNA directed activity requires a template (RNA or DNA) and a primer. The following is a schematic illustration of the reaction:Unit definition: One unit incorporates 1 nanomole of tritiated dTMP into acid insoluble productsusing poly(A)•oligo(dT) 12-18 as the template-primer in 20 minutes at 37° C.ApplicationsHIV reverse transcriptase is used for research on the AIDS primer. However it can be substituted for AMV reverse transcriptase, which is mainly used to transcribe mRNA into double stranded cDNA, that can be inserted into prokaryotic vectors. The enzyme can also be used with either single stranded DNA or RNA templates to make probes for use in hybridization experiments. It can be used for labeling the termini of DNA fragments with protruding 5' termini. The enzyme can also be used to sequence DNAs by the dideoxy chain termination method of Sanger when the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, or the T7 DNA polymerase yield unsatisfactory results.Reagents0.05 M Tris, pH 8.3, containing 0.008 M MgCl21 mg/ml polyadenylic acid in water (poly A)DNA primer:Oligo d(T)12-181 µ mole dTTP/mL stock solution[methyl-3H]-Thymidine 5'-triphosphate (3H-dTTP)dTTP-3H-dTTP working mix: Add 1-2 µL 3H-dTTP per mL of 100 nmol/mL dTTP in order to obtain 1 to 1.5 x 105 cpm/mL1% bovine serum albumin10% perchloric acid1% perchloric acidBuffer substrate reaction mixture: Prepare fresh, immediately before use:For each 1mL of reaction mixture required mix:0.7 mL Tris/HCl, pH 8.3, 0.008M MgCl20.3 mL 1 mg/mL poly(A) RNA template0.005 mL 0.02 mg/mL oligo d(T)12-18 DNA primer0.02mL 1% BSAEnzymedilute as needed wtih 0.05M Tris/HCl, pH 8.3, 0.008M MgCl2 containing 0.1 mg/mL (1%) BSAProcedurePipette into each tube as follows:Buffer substrate mix：0.1 mLdTTP-3H3-dTTP：0.1 mLEnzyme：5-10 µLIncubate 20 minutes at 37° C. Stop reaction by adding 1 ml 10% cold perchloric acid. Filter through 0.2µ manifold filters used with Millipore vacuum manifold. Wash four times using 2mL 1% cold perchloric acid/wash. Transfer filter to scintillation vials. Add 2mL Cellosolve (or 2-methoxyethanol) to dissolve filter. Filters become opaque upon addition of Cellosolve. Make sure filters are dissolved before proceeding. Add 10mL scintillation cocktail and count.Calculation... Read More | Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by recruiting leukocytes to acute and chronic inflammation sites. Alternatively-spliced forms are known to occur, but the most common form is a type I transmembrane protein with a 674 aa extracellular domain (ECD) that includes seven C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 19 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, human VCAM-1 shares 75% and 76% aa sequence identity with the mouse and rat VCAM-1, respectively. VCAM-1 binds to leukocyte integrins alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7. During the inflammatory adhesion mechanism, activated integrins halt rolling leukocytes and attach them firmly to the vascular endothelium. The VCAM-1:VLA-4/ alpha 4 beta 7 interaction is also thought to be involved in the extravasation of white blood cells through the blood vessel wall to sites of inflammation. ELISA techniques have shown that detectable levels of soluble VCAM-1 are present in the biological fluids of apparently normal individuals, but elevated levels of serum VCAM-1 are indicative of future Atrial Fibrillation incident as well as liver disease. Tumor cells use overexpression of VCAM-1 as means of escaping immune surveillance.Post-translational modifications：Sialoglycoprotein.Function:Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with the beta-1 integrin VLA4 on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/VLA4 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation... Read More |