| Description | DOK4 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for DOK4 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components DOK4 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) DOK4 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) DOK4 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 DOK4 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for DOK4 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components DOK4 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) DOK4 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) DOK4 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of complement. The C1 complex is a non-covalent assembly of three different proteins (C1q, C1r, and C1s) bound together in a calcium-dependent complex. C1q has six extended arms with domains at the end of each arm that bind to the Fc domains of immunoglobulins such as IgG or IgM. When antibodies bind toantigens, forming immune complexes, they cluster allowing two or more of the six C1q arms to bind to the Fc domains of antibodies. Rat IgG2 is very efficient when compared to IgG1 in activating complement (Medgyesi, G.A et., al., 1981). This is in contrast to the human system in which IgG1 activates complement but not IgG2 (Redpath, S. et. al., 1998). The binding of multiple arms of C1q to immune complexes causes the two C1r proteins in the complex (protease zymogens) to auto-activate. The activated C1r proteases cleave and activate the two C1s protease zymogens in the complex. The activated C1s cleaves complement component C4 releasing C4a and initiating covalent attachment of C4b to the activating surface. Activated C1s also cleaves C2 and the larger fragment of C2 binds to the surface-attached C4b forming C4b,C2a, the C3/C5 convertase of the classical pathway.Rat IgG1 cannot activate complement whereas rat IgG2 does.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe apparent molecular weight of rat C1q as determined by gel filtration has been reported to be 400,000 by Veerhuis, R. et al., (1985) and is calculated to be 420,000 based on its amino acid sequence. Rat C1q is a high molecular weight complex of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of the six arms of rat C1q contains three chains, an A chain (~30,000 daltons), a B chain (~28,000 daltons) and a C chain (~26,000 daltons) as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Wing, M.G. et al., (1993)).FunctionThe biological functions of C1q are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.ApplicationsRat C1q can be used to coat ELISA plates to capture and quantitate immune complexes in samples from rat models used for studying immune complex related diseases and conditions.GeneticsNCBI Gene ID numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (298566), C1q B chain (29687), and C1q C chain (362634). The genes for C1q chains A, B and C are all located on chromosome 5. The UniprotKB primary accession numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (P31720), C1q B chain (P31721), and C1q C chain (P31722).Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesMedgyesi, G.A et., Miklos, K., Kulics, J., Fust, G., and Gergely, J. Bazin, H. (1981). Classes and subclasses of rat antibodies: reaction with the antigen and interaction of the complex with the complement system. Immunology 43, 171-176.Redpath, S., Michaelsen, T., Sandlie, I. and Clark, M. R. (1998). Activation of complement by human IgG1 and human IgG3 antibodies against the human leucocyte antigen CD52. Immunology 93, 595–600.Veerhuis, R., Van Es, L.A. and Daha, M.R. (1985). In vivo degradation of rat C1q induced by intravenous injection of soluble IgG aggregates. Immunology 54, 801-810.Wing, M.G., Seilly, D. J., Bridgman, D.J. and Harrison, R.A. (1993). Rapid isolation and biochemical characterization of rat C1 and C1q. Molecular Immunology 30, 433-440... Read More | Inquire | Purity：>95%(SDS-PAGE) Function：Cooperates with MD-2 and TLR4 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MyD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Up-regulates cell surface Purity：>95%(SDS-PAGE) Function：Cooperates with MD-2 and TLR4 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MyD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Up-regulates cell surface molecules, including adhesion molecules.Background：CD14 is a 55 kDa cell surface glycoprotein that is preferentially expressed on monocytes/macrophages. The human CD14 cDNA encodes a 375 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a 19 aa signal peptide and a C-terminal hydrophobic region characteristic for glycosylphosphatidyinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. Human CD14 has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites and also bears O-linked carbohydrates. The amino acid sequence of human CD14 is approximately 65% identical with the mouse, rat, rabbit, and bovine proteins. CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor that binds lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a variety of ligands derived from different microbial sources. The binding of CD14 with LPS is catalyzed by LPS-binding protein (LBP). The toll-like-receptors have also been implicated in the transduction of CD14-LPS signals. Similar to other GPI-anchored proteins, soluble CD14 can be released from the cell surface by phosphatidyinositol-specific phospholipase C. Soluble CD14 has been detected in serum and body fluids. High concentrations of soluble CD14 have been shown to inhibit LPS-mediated responses. However, soluble CD14 can also potentiate LPS response in cells that do not express cell surface CD14... Read More | Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue StainingDescription:ROR1 (Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1), also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor-related 1 (NTRKR1), is a member of the ROR family within the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) superfamily. Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue StainingDescription:ROR1 (Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1), also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor-related 1 (NTRKR1), is a member of the ROR family within the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) superfamily. Two ROR family members (ROR1 and ROR2) have been identified and are characterized by their intracellular tyrosine kinase domains, which are highly related to those of the Trk-family receptor tyrosine kinases, and by their extracellular Frizzled-like cysteine-rich domains and kringle domains, common to receptors of the Wnt family members. Human ROR1 is a type I transmembrane protein with 937 amino acids in length. It contains a 29 amino acid signal sequence, a 377 amino acid extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 amino acid transmembrane segment, and a 510 amino acid cytoplasmic region. Human ROR1 shares 97% and 58% amino acid sequence identity with mouse ROR1 and human ROR2, respectively. ROR1 has been shown to play crucial roles in developmental morphogenesis by acting as receptors or co-receptors to mediate Wnt5a-induced signaling. The bioactivity of ROR1 is measured by its ability to bind biotinylated recombinant mouse Wnt-5a in a functional ELISA... Read More |