| Description | Annexins are a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins that preferentially bind phosphatidylserine (PS). Under normal physiologic conditions, PS is predominantly located in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Upon initiation of apoptosis, PS loses its asymmetric distribution Annexins are a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins that preferentially bind phosphatidylserine (PS). Under normal physiologic conditions, PS is predominantly located in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Upon initiation of apoptosis, PS loses its asymmetric distribution across the phospholipid bilayer and is translocated to the extracellular membrane leaflet marking cells as targets of phagocytosis. Once on the outer surface of the membrane, PS can be detected by fluorescently labeled Annexin V in a calcium-dependent manner.In early-stage apoptosis, the plasma membrane excludes viability dyes such as propidium iodide (PI), 7-AAD. These cells will stain with Annexin V but not a viability dye, thus distinguishing cells in early apoptosis. However, in late stage apoptosis, the cell membrane loses integrity thereby allowing Annexin V to also access PS in the interior of the cell. A viability dye can be used to resolve these late-stage apoptotic and necrotic cells (Annexin V, viability dye-positive) from the early-stage apoptotic cells (Annexin V positive, viability dye-negative).We offer recombinant Annexin V conjugated to a numerous fluorophores, as well as an Annexin V biotin conjugate which can be detected with fluorophore-labeled streptavidin. By binding to PS, fluorophores labeled Annexin V can be used to detect and quantify apoptotic cells via flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. The excitation and emission maxima of the Annexin V conjugates are summarized in the following table. Cat.No.Ex/Em (nm)Formatrp226056NABiotinrp225999401/422AF405rp226057490/525AF488rp226060650/668AF647rp226002681/704AF680rp226003752/776AF750rp226053498/517FITCrp226004410/455Pacific Bluerp226006647/665Cy5rp226054650/660APCrp226055565/575PErp226058565/670PE-Cy5rp226059565/774PE-Cy7Precautions1. Please try to avoid light when using to slow down the quenching of fluorescence.2. Propidium Iodide Solution is toxigenic and mutagenic; handle with care.3. Due to the calcium dependence of the Annexin V:PS interaction, it is critical to avoid buffers containing EDTA or other calcium chelators during Annexin V experiments.Instruction for use1. Dilute 10X Binding Buffer (A1372288) to 1X using distilled water (1 mL 10X Binding Buffer + 9 mL ddH2O).2. Wash cells twice with cold PBS and then resuspend the desired amounts of cells in Annexin V Binding Buffer at a concentration of 1.0-5.0 x 106 cells/mL.3. Add 5 µL of Annexin V-AF488 to 100 µL of the cell suspension. Stain with a viability dye, such as PI (P1373641; P1372285), 7-AAD (A1372406), or DAPI (D1372407) dyes, if desired.4. Gently vortex the cells and incubate for 10 min at RT (25°C) in the dark.5. Add 100 µL of 1X Binding Buffer to each assay. Analyze by flow cytometry within 1 hr... Read More | Inquire | Purity>97% SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses. FunctionLA-PF4 stimulates DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen Purity>97% SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses. FunctionLA-PF4 stimulates DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen activator by human synovial cells. NAP-2 is a ligand for CXCR1 and CXCR2, and NAP-2, NAP-2(73), NAP-2(74), NAP-2(1-66), and most potent NAP-2(1-63) are chemoattractants and activators for neutrophils. TC-1 and TC-2 are antibacterial proteins, in vitro released from activated platelet alpha-granules. CTAP-III(1-81) is more potent than CTAP-III desensitize chemokine-induced neutrophil activation.Post-translationalProteolytic removal of residues 1-9 produces the active peptide connective tissue-activating peptide III (CTAP-III) (low-affinity platelet factor IV (LA-PF4)). Proteolytic removal of residues 1-13 produces the active peptide beta-thromboglobulin, which is released from platelets along with platelet factor 4 and platelet-derived growth factor. NAP-2(1-66) is produced by proteolytical processing, probably after secretion by leukocytes other than neutrophils. NAP-2(73) and NAP-2(74) seem not be produced by proteolytical processing of secreted precursors but are released in an active form from platelets... Read More | Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining. Description:Cyclophilin B (SCYLP, CyPB, and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B) is a 24 kDa glycoprotein member of the B subfamily of the cyclophilin-type PPIase family of molecules. It is both secreted and retained in Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining. Description:Cyclophilin B (SCYLP, CyPB, and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B) is a 24 kDa glycoprotein member of the B subfamily of the cyclophilin-type PPIase family of molecules. It is both secreted and retained in the ER. When secreted, it mediates chemotaxis and T cell adhesion to fibronectin. This is likely due to its prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity. Intracellularly, Cyclophilin B appears to serve as a molecular chaperone for molecules destined for secretion. It does so via stabilization and facilitating the activity of additional chaperones. The human CyPB precursor is 216 amino acids (aa) in length. It contains a 25 aa signal sequence plus a 191 aa mature region. There is a partial heparin-binding sequence (aa 27‑34), a PPIase domain (aa 47‑204), and a C-terminal ER retention motif (aa 213‑216). Over aa 34‑216, the human and mouse sequences are 95% aa identical... Read More | Product IntroductionHuman epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a molecular weight of 6 KD, contains 53 amino acids, and has three intramolecular disulfide bonds.Upon binding to EGFR, a specific receptor located on the cell surface, EGF causes a series of biochemical reactions in the cell: increasing Product IntroductionHuman epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a molecular weight of 6 KD, contains 53 amino acids, and has three intramolecular disulfide bonds.Upon binding to EGFR, a specific receptor located on the cell surface, EGF causes a series of biochemical reactions in the cell: increasing the level of calcium ion concentration in the cell, promoting the progress of glycolysis, increasing the synthesis of proteins, and can enhance the expression of EGFR, a specific class of genes to promote DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.Specification parametersSource Pichia pastorisAppearance white lyophilized powderActivity ≥1.0×106IU/mgpH 6.5-7.5Molecular weight 6.5kDEndotoxin ≦1.0 EU/mgCAS No 62253-63-8Matters needing attentionReconstitution: reconstitution of REGF lyophilized powder to 100-200 µg/ml with sterile water is recommended and further dilution with other solvents may be performed.REGF dissolved at 4 ° C can be stored for 2-7 days and used up as soon as possible.To not use for short periods, store at - 20 ℃.Use as soon as possible after opening to avoid contamination.Limitations of useIt is suitable for research, laboratory and production use only and cannot be used directly in humans... 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