| Description | FUBP3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for FUBP3 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components FUBP3 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) FUBP3 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) FUBP3 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control:FUBP3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for FUBP3 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components FUBP3 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) FUBP3 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) FUBP3 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Reverse transcriptases are enzymes encoded in retroviruses viral genome. The enzyme is responsible for transcription of the viral RNA to produce a dsDNA that can be inserted into the host genome.Reverse transcriptases are multifunctional enzymes. These enzymes exhibit an RNA and DNA directed Reverse transcriptases are enzymes encoded in retroviruses viral genome. The enzyme is responsible for transcription of the viral RNA to produce a dsDNA that can be inserted into the host genome.Reverse transcriptases are multifunctional enzymes. These enzymes exhibit an RNA and DNA directed polymerase activity. In addition reverse transcriptases catalyze the degradation of RNA in an RNA-DNA hybrid. The exonucleolytic activity proceeds in a 5' ---> 3' direction. The RNA or DNA directed activity requires a template (RNA or DNA) and a primer. The following is a schematic illustration of the reaction:Unit definition: One unit incorporates 1 nanomole of tritiated dTMP into acid insoluble productsusing poly(A)•oligo(dT) 12-18 as the template-primer in 20 minutes at 37° C.ApplicationsHIV reverse transcriptase is used for research on the AIDS primer. However it can be substituted for AMV reverse transcriptase, which is mainly used to transcribe mRNA into double stranded cDNA, that can be inserted into prokaryotic vectors. The enzyme can also be used with either single stranded DNA or RNA templates to make probes for use in hybridization experiments. It can be used for labeling the termini of DNA fragments with protruding 5' termini. The enzyme can also be used to sequence DNAs by the dideoxy chain termination method of Sanger when the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, or the T7 DNA polymerase yield unsatisfactory results.Reagents0.05 M Tris, pH 8.3, containing 0.008 M MgCl21 mg/ml polyadenylic acid in water (poly A)DNA primer:Oligo d(T)12-181 µ mole dTTP/mL stock solution[methyl-3H]-Thymidine 5'-triphosphate (3H-dTTP)dTTP-3H-dTTP working mix: Add 1-2 µL 3H-dTTP per mL of 100 nmol/mL dTTP in order to obtain 1 to 1.5 x 105 cpm/mL1% bovine serum albumin10% perchloric acid1% perchloric acidBuffer substrate reaction mixture: Prepare fresh, immediately before use:For each 1mL of reaction mixture required mix:0.7 mL Tris/HCl, pH 8.3, 0.008M MgCl20.3 mL 1 mg/mL poly(A) RNA template0.005 mL 0.02 mg/mL oligo d(T)12-18 DNA primer0.02mL 1% BSAEnzymedilute as needed wtih 0.05M Tris/HCl, pH 8.3, 0.008M MgCl2 containing 0.1 mg/mL (1%) BSAProcedurePipette into each tube as follows:Buffer substrate mix：0.1 mLdTTP-3H3-dTTP：0.1 mLEnzyme：5-10 µLIncubate 20 minutes at 37° C. Stop reaction by adding 1 ml 10% cold perchloric acid. Filter through 0.2µ manifold filters used with Millipore vacuum manifold. Wash four times using 2mL 1% cold perchloric acid/wash. Transfer filter to scintillation vials. Add 2mL Cellosolve (or 2-methoxyethanol) to dissolve filter. Filters become opaque upon addition of Cellosolve. Make sure filters are dissolved before proceeding. Add 10mL scintillation cocktail and count.Calculation... Read More | Purity>95% SDS-PAGE. Protein Content and Purity (typically = 95%) determined by reducing and Non-reducing SDS-PAGE, UV spectroscopy at 280 nm.Additional sequence informationThis product is for the mature full length protein. The signal peptide is not included.FunctionCytokine with a wide variety Purity>95% SDS-PAGE. Protein Content and Purity (typically = 95%) determined by reducing and Non-reducing SDS-PAGE, UV spectroscopy at 280 nm.Additional sequence informationThis product is for the mature full length protein. The signal peptide is not included.FunctionCytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. It induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth and induces nerve cells differentiation Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoeitic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance.Post-translational:N- and O-glycosylated... Read More | Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：KGF (keratinocyte growth factor), also known as FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor-7), is one of 22 known members of the mouse FGF family of secreted proteins that plays a key role in development, Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：KGF (keratinocyte growth factor), also known as FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor-7), is one of 22 known members of the mouse FGF family of secreted proteins that plays a key role in development, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumorigenesis (1-4). KGF expression is restricted to cells of mesenchymal origin. When secreted, it acts as a paracrine growth factor for nearby epithelial cells (1). KGF speeds wound healing by being dramatically upregulated in response to damage to skin or internal structures that results in high local concentrations of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1 and TNF-alpha. (2, 5). KGF promotes cell migration and invasion, and mediates melanocyte transfer to keratinocytes upon UVB radiation (6, 7). It has been used ectopically to avoid chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with hematological malignancies (1). Deletion of KGF affects kidney development, producing abnormally small ureteric buds and fewer nephrons (8). It also impedes hair follicle differentiation (9). The 194 amino acid (aa) KGF precursor contains a 31 aa signal sequence and, like all other FGFs, an ~120 aa beta -trefoil scaffold that includes receptor- and heparin-binding sites. KGF signals only through the IIIb splice form of the tyrosine kinase receptor, FGF R2 (FGF R2-IIIb/KGF R) (10). Receptor dimerization requires an octameric or larger heparin or heparin sulfate proteoglycan (11). FGF-10, also called KGF2, shares 51% aa identity and similar function to KGF, but shows more limited expression than KGF and uses an additional receptor, FGF R2-IIIc (12). Following receptor engagement, KGF is typically degraded, while FGF-10 is recycled (12). Mature human KGF, which is active across species, shares 98% aa sequence identity with bovine, equine, ovine and canine, 96% with mouse and porcine, and 92% with rat KGF, respectively... Read More | Background：Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, immune system development, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. Rat TNF-alpha consisitsBackground：Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, immune system development, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. Rat TNF-alpha consisits of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 179 aa extracellular domain (ECD). Within the ECD, rat TNF-alpha shares 94% aa sequence identity with mouse and 69%-76% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, human, porcine, and rhesus TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha is produced by a wide variety of immune, epithelial, endothelial, and tumor cells. TNF-alpha is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer which is expressed on the cell surface. Cell surface TNF-alpha can induce the lysis of neighboring tumor cells and virus infected cells, and it can generate its own downstream cell signaling following ligation by soluble TNFR I. Shedding of membrane bound TNF-alpha by TACE/ADAM17 releases the bioactive cytokine, a 55 kDa soluble trimer of the TNF-alpha extracellular domain. TNF-alpha binds the ubiquitous 55-60 kDa TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted 80 kDa TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers. Both type I and type II receptors bind TNF-alpha with comparable affinity, although only TNF RI contains a cytoplasmic death domain which triggers the activation of apoptosis. Soluble forms of both types of receptors are released and can neutralize the biological activity of TNF-alpha. Post-translational modificationsThe soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing.The membrane form, but not the soluble form, is phosphorylated on serine residues.Dephosphorylation of the membrane form occurs by binding to soluble TNFRSF1A/TNFR1.O-glycosylated; glycans contain galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid... Read More |