| Description | KLK15 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for KLK15 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components KLK15 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) KLK15 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) KLK15 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control:KLK15 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for KLK15 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components KLK15 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) KLK15 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) KLK15 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 10.16 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3Molecular Weight187,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionRat C3 is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, KProtein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 10.16 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3Molecular Weight187,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionRat C3 is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995)). Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes (C3 convertases) which are bound to the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. For a brief time (~60 µs) this nascent C3b is capable of reacting with and covalently coupling to hydroxyl groups on the target surface. Carbohydrates are the favored target, but protein hydroxyls and amino groups also react. This process of tagging the target surface with C3b is called opsonization. The reactive site in nascent C3b is a thioester (Tack B.J., et al. (1980); Pangburn M.K. and MüllerEberhard H.J. (1980)) and C3b is linked to the target through a covalent ester bond (an amide bond is formed if C3b is attached to amino groups). Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface because its thioester reacts with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all three pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane. Surface-bound C3b and its breakdown products iC3b and C3d are recognized by numerous receptors on lymphoid and phagocytic cells which use the C3b ligand to stimulate antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immune system. The end result is an expansion of target-specific B-cell and T-cell populations.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe calculated molecular weight of rat C3 based on its amino acid sequence is 184,111daltons (without the signal peptide) and is similar to that of human C3 (185,000 daltons).The molecular weight of rat C3 as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been reported by Daha, M.R. et al., (1979) to be 187,000 daltons composed of two disulfide linked chains, alpha chain (123,000 daltons) and beta chain (76,000 daltons). The extinction coefficient of rat C3 (E1%/280nm = 10.16) is calculated based on its amino acid sequence using ProtParam and assumes all pairs of Cys residues form cystines (i.e. a pair of cysteine molecules are joined by a disulfide bond). The theoretical pI of rat C3 is 6.12. The normal plasma concentration of C3 inWistar rats has been reported to be 0.581mg/ml (Daha, M.R. et al., (1979)).FunctionThe biological functions of C3 are described above in the General Description section.GeneticsRat C3 chromosome location 9. The NCBI Gene ID number for rat C3 is 24232 and UniProt accession number is P01026.Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesLaw, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995) Complement 2nd Edition (ISBN 0199633568) Oxford University Press, Oxford.Tack BF, Harrison RA, Janatova J, Thomas ML, Prahl JW. (1980) Evidence for presence of an internal thiolester bond in third component of human complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 77:5764-8.Pangburn M.K. and Müller-Eberhard H.J. (1980) Relation of putative thioester bond in C3 to activation of the alternative pathway and the binding of C3b to biological targets of complement. J Exp Med. 152:1102-14.Daha MR, Stuffers-Heiman M, Kijlstra A and Van ES LA. (1979) Isolation and characterization of the third component of rat complement. Immunology 36:63-70... Read More | Inquire | IFN-αs are proteins secreted by leukocyte. They are mainly involved in innate immune response against viral infection. The IFN-α family has 13 subtypes and 23 different variants. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166IFN-αs are proteins secreted by leukocyte. They are mainly involved in innate immune response against viral infection. The IFN-α family has 13 subtypes and 23 different variants. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-α subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-alpha subtypes differ in their sequences at only one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also include proteins truncated by 10 amino acids at the carboxy-terminal end... Read More | The recombinant Protein A is a genetically engineering protein containing IgG-binding domains.Recombinant Protein A is ideal for purification of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG antibodies. Protein A binds to most human and mouse IgG subclasses (e.g., human IgG1, IgG2, IgG4; mouse IgG2, IgG2a, IgG2b,The recombinant Protein A is a genetically engineering protein containing IgG-binding domains.Recombinant Protein A is ideal for purification of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG antibodies. Protein A binds to most human and mouse IgG subclasses (e.g., human IgG1, IgG2, IgG4; mouse IgG2, IgG2a, IgG2b,IgG3). It also binds to cow, guinea pig, hamster, house, pig and rabbit total IgG form.Recombinant protein A can be coupled to solid separation medium (such as agarose) for monoclonaland polyclonal antibody purification. Recombinant protein A can be coupled to a variety of molecules (such as fluorescent molecules, enzyme markers, biotin, colloidal gold and radioactive markers). These coupled derivatives can be used in antibody test in the process of Western-blot, ELISA or immunohistochemical tests... Read More |