| Description | CUZD1 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for CUZD1 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components CUZD1 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) CUZD1 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) CUZD1 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control:CUZD1 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for CUZD1 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components CUZD1 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) CUZD1 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) CUZD1 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Inquire | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.974 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3bMolecular Weight185,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionCynomolgus monkey C3 (cyno C3) is purified from pooled normal cynomolgus monkey serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.974 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C3bMolecular Weight185,000 Da (2 chains)General DescriptionCynomolgus monkey C3 (cyno C3) is purified from pooled normal cynomolgus monkey serum. C3 is central to the activation of all three pathways of complement activation (Law, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995)). Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes (C3 convertases) which are bound to the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. For a brief time (~60 µs) this nascent C3b is capable of reacting with and covalently coupling to hydroxyl groups on the target surface. Carbohydrates are the favored target, but protein hydroxyls and amino groups also react. This process of tagging the target surface with C3b is called opsonization. The reactive site in nascent C3b is a thioester (Tack B.J., et al. (1980); Pangburn M.K. and MüllerEberhard H.J. (1980)) and C3b is linked to the target through a covalent ester bond (an amide bond is formed if C3b is attached to amino groups). Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface because its thioester reacts with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all three pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane. Surface-bound C3b and its breakdown products iC3b and C3d are recognized by numerous receptors on lymphoid and phagocytic cells which use the C3b ligand to stimulate antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immune system. The end result is an expansion of target-specific B-cell and T-cell populations.Physical Characteristics & StructureCynomolgus monkey C3 is an uncharacterized protein. The calculated molecular weight based on its amino acid sequence is 184,926 daltons similar to that of human C3 (185,000 daltons). Like human C3, cyno C3 is composed of two disulfide-linked chains. Analysis of purified cyno C3 by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reduced conditions shows the mobility of cyno C3 to be similar to that of human C3. Under reduced conditions, the migration of the alpha chain of cyno C3 is comparable to that of human C3 alpha chain (110,000 daltons) while the beta chain migrates slightly ahead of the human C3 beta chain (75,000daltons).The extinction coefficient of cyno C3 is calculated from its amino acid sequence using ProtParam and assumes all pairs of Cys residues form cystines (i.e. a pair of cystine molecules are joined by a disulfide bond). The theoretical pI value for cyno monkey C3 is 6.03. Employing immunoturbidimetric method the serum concentration of cyno C3 has been reported to be 1.27 mg/ml in males and 1.1 mg/ml in female monkeys (Park H-K et al., (2016)). FunctionThe biological functions of C3 are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.GeneticsCynomolgus monkey C3 chromosome location 19. The NCBI Gene ID number for Cynomolgus monkey C3 is 102131458 and UniProt accession number is A0A2K5VPN1.Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesLaw, S.K.A. and Reid, K.B.M. (1995) Complement 2nd Edition (ISBN 0199633568) Oxford University Press, Oxford.Tack BF, Harrison RA, Janatova J, Thomas ML, Prahl JW. (1980) Evidence for presence of an internal thiolester bond in third component of human complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 77:5764-8.Pangburn M.K. and Müller-Eberhard H.J. (1980) Relation of putative thioester bond in C3 to activation of the alternative pathway and the binding of C3b to biological targets of complement. J Exp Med. 152:1102-14.Park H-K, Cho J-W, Lee B-S, Park H, Han J-S, Yang M-J, Im W-J, Park D-Y, Kim W-J, Han SC, Kim Y-B. (2016) Reference values of clinical pathology parameters in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) used in preclinical studies. Lab Anim Res. 32(2):79-86... Read More | 1、Product attributeShelf life: 24 monthsReaction time：long (up to 45 minutes) at 20-37°CLot-to-lot variation：<10%Boiling point : 100℃pH-Value (at 20 °C): 9.0-9.8 Density (20℃) : 1.0302 g/cm³Water solubility: easily solubleAppearance: colourless to 1、Product attributeShelf life: 24 monthsReaction time：long (up to 45 minutes) at 20-37°CLot-to-lot variation：<10%Boiling point : 100℃pH-Value (at 20 °C): 9.0-9.8 Density (20℃) : 1.0302 g/cm³Water solubility: easily solubleAppearance: colourless to light yellow liquidOdour: odourlessIncubation temperature: 20-37 °CLight sensitiveHeat sensitive 2、Requirements for storage rooms and vessels1.Keep container tightly closed.2.Keep cool. protected from light3. Do not store together with: Oxidizing agent. 4. Contaminated or leaked out substrate solution from damaged bottles should not be used anymore and has to be destroyed.5. Use isolated containers with some cool bags for transport.6. Spontaneous decay will increase the background. If stored at room temperature, the velocity of the decay will increase. Thus, both storage and transport at room temperature should be avoided. Nevertheless, the activity of the solution is not affected by storage at room temperature. The solution still works beyond the expiry date, but some applications, especially those including visual evaluation, may be hampered by increased background. 3、Effective Components and Principle of FunctionIn different buffer solutions (pH = 9.5), with supplementation if required, the effective componentpara nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) is dissolved. Alkaline Phosphatase transfers the phosphate residue to an acceptor. Under alkaline conditions a yellow colour occurs, resulting from the formed nitrophenol. 4、Biosafety informationThis mixture is not classified as hazardous in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008； 5、Advantage1. Signal yield comparable to competitor ready-to-use solutions2. Broad measurement range3. Very low background signals4. Very low blank drift during long-term storage (<0.15 AU within 24 months)5. High colour stability after reaction stop with this product and other commonly used stopping solutions 6、Instruction for usageFor bottling consider the following instructions:• Work in a dust free and darkened room.• Keep the solution as cool as possible.• Avoid contact of the solutions with any metal parts• Clean all instruments and vessels very extensively.• Wear powder-free gloves during bottling.• Close the bottles immediately to minimize the influence of light and dust.• Use clean bottles that are impermeable to light made from HDPE or PP. 7、 General Instructions for the Use in Blotting Systems Only qualified laboratory staff, who are familiar with the basics of immunological methods, are allowed to use these solutions.The substrate solutions can be used in qualitative and quantitative ELISA procedures.When using 96-well microtiter plates, adding 100 µL of substrate per well after incubation and washing is recommended. After substrate incubation the reaction can be stopped and the photometric measurement can be carried out. Using higher incubation temperatures (37° C) may shorten the incubation time. The reaction can be stopped by using the special developed solution stop. The use of other commercially available stop solutions cannot safely exclude a further increase of the signal. Addition of a stopping solution does not change the general shape of the spectrum. The unstopped and the stopped solution should be measured at 405 nm and the background correction: should be measured at 620 nm... Read More | Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining. Description： CD4, also known as L3T4, T4, and W3/25, is an approximately 55 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly on thymocytes and a subset of mature T lymphocytes. It is a standard Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining. Description： CD4, also known as L3T4, T4, and W3/25, is an approximately 55 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly on thymocytes and a subset of mature T lymphocytes. It is a standard phenotype marker for the identification of T cell populations. Mature human CD4 consists of a 371 amino acid (aa) extracellular region containing four immunoglobulin-like domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 40 aa cytoplasmic domain. Within the ECD, human CD4 shares approximately 52% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat CD4. CD4 is expressed along with CD8 on double positive T cells during their development in the thymus. Either CD4 or CD8 expression is then lost, giving rise to single positive (SP) CD4+ or CD8+ mature T cells. CD4+ SP cells, also known as T helper cells, further differentiate into multiple subsets of CD4+ cells including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg cells which regulate humoral and cellular immunity. CD4 is reexpressed on circulating CD8+ T cells upon activation and contributes to their cytotoxic effector activity. In human, CD4 is additionally expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, and neurons and glial cells in the brain. Similar CD4 distribution between species cannot be assumed as demonstrated by its presence on macrophages in human and rat but not in mouse. CD4 binds directly to MHC class II molecules on antigen presenting cells. This interaction contributes to the formation of the immunological synapse which is focused around the TCR-MHC class II-antigenic peptide interaction. Palmitoylation of two cysteine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 promotes the localization of CD4 in lipid rafts and its ability to augment TCR signaling via activation of the tyrosine kinase Lck. CD4 also functions as a chemotactic receptor for IL-16 and, in human, as a co-receptor for the gp120 surface glycoprotein of HIV-1... Read More |