| Description | FAM169A Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for FAM169A gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components FAM169A siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM169A siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM169A siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA FAM169A Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for FAM169A gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components FAM169A siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM169A siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM169A siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | 6-Bromo-2-naphthyl β-D-glucuronide is a histochemical substrate for β-D-glucuronidase | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of complement. The C1 complex is a non-covalent assembly of three different proteins (C1q, C1r, and C1s) bound together in a calcium-dependent complex. C1q has six extended arms with domains at the end of each arm that bind to the Fc domains of immunoglobulins such as IgG or IgM. When antibodies bind toantigens, forming immune complexes, they cluster allowing two or more of the six C1q arms to bind to the Fc domains of antibodies. Rat IgG2 is very efficient when compared to IgG1 in activating complement (Medgyesi, G.A et., al., 1981). This is in contrast to the human system in which IgG1 activates complement but not IgG2 (Redpath, S. et. al., 1998). The binding of multiple arms of C1q to immune complexes causes the two C1r proteins in the complex (protease zymogens) to auto-activate. The activated C1r proteases cleave and activate the two C1s protease zymogens in the complex. The activated C1s cleaves complement component C4 releasing C4a and initiating covalent attachment of C4b to the activating surface. Activated C1s also cleaves C2 and the larger fragment of C2 binds to the surface-attached C4b forming C4b,C2a, the C3/C5 convertase of the classical pathway.Rat IgG1 cannot activate complement whereas rat IgG2 does.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe apparent molecular weight of rat C1q as determined by gel filtration has been reported to be 400,000 by Veerhuis, R. et al., (1985) and is calculated to be 420,000 based on its amino acid sequence. Rat C1q is a high molecular weight complex of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of the six arms of rat C1q contains three chains, an A chain (~30,000 daltons), a B chain (~28,000 daltons) and a C chain (~26,000 daltons) as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Wing, M.G. et al., (1993)).FunctionThe biological functions of C1q are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.ApplicationsRat C1q can be used to coat ELISA plates to capture and quantitate immune complexes in samples from rat models used for studying immune complex related diseases and conditions.GeneticsNCBI Gene ID numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (298566), C1q B chain (29687), and C1q C chain (362634). The genes for C1q chains A, B and C are all located on chromosome 5. The UniprotKB primary accession numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (P31720), C1q B chain (P31721), and C1q C chain (P31722).Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesMedgyesi, G.A et., Miklos, K., Kulics, J., Fust, G., and Gergely, J. Bazin, H. (1981). Classes and subclasses of rat antibodies: reaction with the antigen and interaction of the complex with the complement system. Immunology 43, 171-176.Redpath, S., Michaelsen, T., Sandlie, I. and Clark, M. R. (1998). Activation of complement by human IgG1 and human IgG3 antibodies against the human leucocyte antigen CD52. Immunology 93, 595–600.Veerhuis, R., Van Es, L.A. and Daha, M.R. (1985). In vivo degradation of rat C1q induced by intravenous injection of soluble IgG aggregates. Immunology 54, 801-810.Wing, M.G., Seilly, D. J., Bridgman, D.J. and Harrison, R.A. (1993). Rapid isolation and biochemical characterization of rat C1 and C1q. Molecular Immunology 30, 433-440... Read More | Inquire | This product is a mixture of fast reverse transcription reagents. The 5 x EasyQuick RT MasterMix contains all the reagents required for reverse transcription from RNA templates to cDNA first strand, including EasyQuick RT Reversase, RNase Inhibitor, Random 6 mers, Oligo dT Primer, dNTP, EQ-RT BufferThis product is a mixture of fast reverse transcription reagents. The 5 x EasyQuick RT MasterMix contains all the reagents required for reverse transcription from RNA templates to cDNA first strand, including EasyQuick RT Reversase, RNase Inhibitor, Random 6 mers, Oligo dT Primer, dNTP, EQ-RT Buffer, etc. The reverse transcription efficiency of this product is high, and it can perform a good reverse transcription reaction on a small amount of RNA templates. The fluorescence quantitative template cDNA first strand synthesis can be completed in 15 minutes. This reagent kit is very convenient and fast to operate, and only RNA templates and water need to be added for reverse transcription reaction, making it particularly suitable for high-throughput detection.E665905Component200 TStorageE665905A5×EasyQuick RT MasterMix 400 µL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.E665905BRNase-Free Water 2×1 mL-20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. Product features1. Convenience: The ready to use reverse transcription Mix only requires the addition of RNA templates and water to initiate the reaction.2. Fast: Complete cDNA first strand synthesis in 15 minutes.3. High reverse transcription efficiency: The reverse transcription efficiency is above 90%.4. High sensitivity: PG level templates can also obtain high-quality cDNA.5. Read through complex templates: templates with high GC content and complex secondary structures.Matters needing attention1. During the operation, RNase contamination should be avoided to prevent RNA degradation or cross contamination during experiments. It is recommended that operators wear masks and disposable gloves, frequently change gloves, and use specialized instruments and consumables.2. The reverse transcription system is prepared on ice for operation to prevent RNA degradation. The MasterMix of the reagent kit should be stored at -20 ℃ as soon as possible after use, and repeated freeze-thaw should be avoided as much as possible.3.10 µ The reaction system can be used up to 1 µ G Total RNA, if the amount of template RNA is greater than 1 µ g. Please expand the reaction system proportionally.4. For RNA templates with complex secondary structures, it is recommended to incubate the template RNA at 65 ℃ for 5 minutes on ice before proceeding with the next step, followed by brief centrifugation.Operation steps1. Thaw the template RNA on ice; After thawing the components of the reagent kit at room temperature, immediately place them on ice. Before use, vortex shake and mix each solution, and centrifuge briefly before use.2. Prepare the reaction system according to the following table (please prepare the reaction solution on ice), vortex shake and mix well, briefly centrifuge, and collect the solution on the tube wall to the bottom of the tube. Reagent 10 µl Reaction system Final concentration RNA Template X µl 1 pg～0.5 µg ¹⁾ 5×EasyQuick RT MasterMix ²⁾ 2 µl 1× RNase-Free Water up to 10 µl /Attention:1) If the total RNA content is greater than 1 µ g, please expand the reaction system proportionally.2) 5 x EasyQuick RT MasterMix contains Oligo (dT), Random Prime, RNase Inhibitor, dNTP Mixture, EQ-RT Buffer, etc. 3. Incubate at 37 ℃ for 15 minutes. 4. Incubate at 85 ℃ for 5 seconds to inactivate reverse transcriptase.5. After a brief centrifugation, place it on ice for subsequent experiments. If it needs to be stored for a long time, please place it at -20 ℃... Read More |