| Description | Car2 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Car2 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components Car2 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) Car2 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) Car2 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (Car2 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Car2 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components Car2 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) Car2 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) Car2 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Inquire | 1、Product attributeShelf life: 24 monthsReaction time：long (up to 45 minutes) at 20-37°CLot-to-lot variation：<10%Boiling point : 100℃pH-Value (at 20 °C): 9.0-9.8 Density (20℃) : 1.0302 g/cm³Water solubility: easily solubleAppearance: colourless to 1、Product attributeShelf life: 24 monthsReaction time：long (up to 45 minutes) at 20-37°CLot-to-lot variation：<10%Boiling point : 100℃pH-Value (at 20 °C): 9.0-9.8 Density (20℃) : 1.0302 g/cm³Water solubility: easily solubleAppearance: colourless to light yellow liquidOdour: odourlessIncubation temperature: 20-37 °CLight sensitiveHeat sensitive 2、Requirements for storage rooms and vessels1.Keep container tightly closed.2.Keep cool. protected from light3. Do not store together with: Oxidizing agent. 4. Contaminated or leaked out substrate solution from damaged bottles should not be used anymore and has to be destroyed.5. Use isolated containers with some cool bags for transport.6. Spontaneous decay will increase the background. If stored at room temperature, the velocity of the decay will increase. Thus, both storage and transport at room temperature should be avoided. Nevertheless, the activity of the solution is not affected by storage at room temperature. The solution still works beyond the expiry date, but some applications, especially those including visual evaluation, may be hampered by increased background. 3、Effective Components and Principle of FunctionIn different buffer solutions (pH = 9.5), with supplementation if required, the effective componentpara nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) is dissolved. Alkaline Phosphatase transfers the phosphate residue to an acceptor. Under alkaline conditions a yellow colour occurs, resulting from the formed nitrophenol. 4、Biosafety informationThis mixture is not classified as hazardous in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008； 5、Advantage1. Signal yield comparable to competitor ready-to-use solutions2. Broad measurement range3. Very low background signals4. Very low blank drift during long-term storage (<0.15 AU within 24 months)5. High colour stability after reaction stop with this product and other commonly used stopping solutions 6、Instruction for usageFor bottling consider the following instructions:• Work in a dust free and darkened room.• Keep the solution as cool as possible.• Avoid contact of the solutions with any metal parts• Clean all instruments and vessels very extensively.• Wear powder-free gloves during bottling.• Close the bottles immediately to minimize the influence of light and dust.• Use clean bottles that are impermeable to light made from HDPE or PP. 7、 General Instructions for the Use in Blotting Systems Only qualified laboratory staff, who are familiar with the basics of immunological methods, are allowed to use these solutions.The substrate solutions can be used in qualitative and quantitative ELISA procedures.When using 96-well microtiter plates, adding 100 µL of substrate per well after incubation and washing is recommended. After substrate incubation the reaction can be stopped and the photometric measurement can be carried out. Using higher incubation temperatures (37° C) may shorten the incubation time. The reaction can be stopped by using the special developed solution stop. The use of other commercially available stop solutions cannot safely exclude a further increase of the signal. Addition of a stopping solution does not change the general shape of the spectrum. The unstopped and the stopped solution should be measured at 405 nm and the background correction: should be measured at 620 nm... Read More | Inquire | Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by recruiting leukocytes to acute and chronic inflammation sites. Alternatively-spliced forms are known to occur, but the most common form is a type I transmembrane protein with a 674 aa extracellular domain (ECD) that includes seven C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 19 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, human VCAM-1 shares 75% and 76% aa sequence identity with the mouse and rat VCAM-1, respectively. VCAM-1 binds to leukocyte integrins alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7. During the inflammatory adhesion mechanism, activated integrins halt rolling leukocytes and attach them firmly to the vascular endothelium. The VCAM-1:VLA-4/ alpha 4 beta 7 interaction is also thought to be involved in the extravasation of white blood cells through the blood vessel wall to sites of inflammation. ELISA techniques have shown that detectable levels of soluble VCAM-1 are present in the biological fluids of apparently normal individuals, but elevated levels of serum VCAM-1 are indicative of future Atrial Fibrillation incident as well as liver disease. Tumor cells use overexpression of VCAM-1 as means of escaping immune surveillance.Post-translational modifications：Sialoglycoprotein.Function:Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with the beta-1 integrin VLA4 on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/VLA4 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation... Read More |