| Description | Car12 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Car12 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components Car12 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) Car12 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) Car12 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control:Car12 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Car12 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components Car12 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) Car12 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) Car12 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Protein Purity>90 % by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.725 at 1.0 mg/mL for pure C1s-C1INH ComplexMolecular Weight196,000 Da (1 chain)General DescriptionThe product C1s-C1INH Complex is made by interacting purified protease inhibitor C1-INH with purified C1s enzyme followed by purification. Protein Purity>90 % by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.725 at 1.0 mg/mL for pure C1s-C1INH ComplexMolecular Weight196,000 Da (1 chain)General DescriptionThe product C1s-C1INH Complex is made by interacting purified protease inhibitor C1-INH with purified C1s enzyme followed by purification. The protease inhibitor C1-INH prevents the spontaneous activation of complement and limits consumption of C2 and C4 by rapidly inactivating C1r, C1s and MASP2. It is the only plasma serine protease inhibitor (Serpin) capable of interacting with and inhibiting activated C1. C1-INH interacts with the catalytic sites of both C1r and C1s. The interaction with activated C1r and C1s is covalent resulting in complexes which are stable to SDS. C1s and C1r enzymes, however, are irreversibly inactivated by binding to C1-INH. C1s-C1INH is a very stable complex that remains intact even when subjected to freeze/thaw cycles with almost no loss of the complex form.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe C1s enzyme-C1INH complex is composed of two disulfide linked chains from C1s enzyme (A chain 58,000 Da and B chain 28,000 Da) and one covalently linked chain from C1-INH (75,000 Da).SDS-PAGE analysis of the C1s-C1INH complex shows a single band of about 161,000 Da under nonreducing conditions. Under reducing conditions, the C1s-C1INH complex exhibits two bands: A 58,000 Da band corresponding to the A chain of C1s enzyme and a second 103,000 Da band resulting from C1INH (75,000 Da) covalently bond to the B chain (28,000 Da) of C1s enzyme.RegulationActivated C1s is controlled by C1-INH. C1s enzyme and C1-INH form a covalent complex that is resistant to separation on SDS gels. During complement activation C1 complex is rapidly activated by binding to immune complexes. The resulting activated C1s and C1r are rapidly inactivated by interaction with C1-INH (Ziccardi, R.J. (1982)). Binding to immune complexes is fast (10-20 sec) and activation of the bound C1 complex takes several minutes, but C1-INH has also been shown to be fast and no active C1r or C1s remain 4 min after addition of immune complexes to plasma (Ross, G.D. (1986); Ziccardi,R.J. (1981)). The binding of C1-INH to activated C1 releases both C1r and C1s from the complex leaving C1q bound to the immune complex. The released complexes contain four molecules: C1-INH-C1r-C1s-C1-INH. The reaction of C1 esterase inhibitor with activated C1 is very fast with the estimated half-life of C1r and C1s being approximately 15 seconds in serum. In fact, at serum concentrations of C1- INH little or no additional C4 or C2 activation occurs 3 min after immune complexes are added because all the C1r and C1s molecules have been inactivated and removed from the C1q which remains bound to the immune complex (Ross, G.D. (1986); Morley, B.J. and Walport, M.J. (2000); Rother, K., et al. (1998); Ziccardi, R.J. (1982a and 1982b); Morgan, B.P. (1990)). The interaction of purified C1s enzyme and C1-INH is slower.FunctionSee General Description and Regulation above.ApplicationsC1s-C1INH complex can be used in studies designed for developing and identifying inhibitors of C1s-C1INH complex formation and thus lead to the possible development of therapeutics for inhibiting complement activation via the classical pathway.GeneticsThe EMBL/Genbank cDNA accession number for C1s is J04080. The gene for C1s is located on chromosome 12p13. The EMBL/Genbank cDNA accession numbers for C1-INH are M13656 and X54486 (human) and Y10386 (mouse). The gene for C1-INH is located on chromosome 11p11.2-13. DeficienciesC1s deficient patients are prone to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and recurrent pyogenic infections (Rother, K., et al. (1998)). They lack classical pathway function. The genetic disorder hereditary angioedema (HAE) is caused by a partial deficiency of C1-INH. Patients with HAE have low functional C1-INH levels in blood and have recurrent episodes of systemic or localized edema.DiseasesSee section titled Deficiencies above. Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from human serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any blood-derived product must be used even though the source was shown by certified tests to be negative for HBsAg, HTLV-I/II, STS, and for antibodies to HCV, HIV-1 and HIV-II.ReferencesZiccardi, RJ. (1982) A new role for C-1-inhibitor in homeostasis: control of activation of the first component of human complement. J. Immunol. 128:2505-2508.Ross, G.D. (1986) Immunobiology of the Complement System. (ISBN 0-12-5976402) Academic Press, Orlando.Ziccardi, R.J. (1981) Activation of the early components of the classical complement pathway under physiologic conditions. J. Immunol. 126:1769-1773.Morley, B.J. and Walport, M.J. (2000) The Complement Facts Book. (ISBN 0127333606) Academic Press, London.Rother, K., Till, G.O., and Hӓnsch, G.M. (1998) The Complement System. (ISBN 3-540- 61894-5) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.Ziccardi, R.J. (1982a) Spontaneous activation of the first component of human complement (C1) by an intramolecular autocatalytic mechanism. J. Immunol. 128:2500- 2504.Ziccardi, RJ. (1982b) A new role for C-1-inhibitor in homeostasis: control of activation of the first component of human complement. J. Immunol. 128:2505-2508. Morgan, B.P. (1990) Complement Clinical Aspects and Relevance to Disease. (ISBN 0- 12-506955-3) Academic Press, London... Read More | Product DescriptionEndo F2 cleaves N-linked (asparagine-linked) biantennary oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. It also will cleave high mannose glycans but at a 40x reduced rate. It cleaves between the two N-acetylglucosamine residues in the diacetylchitobiose core of the oligosaccharide, Product DescriptionEndo F2 cleaves N-linked (asparagine-linked) biantennary oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. It also will cleave high mannose glycans but at a 40x reduced rate. It cleaves between the two N-acetylglucosamine residues in the diacetylchitobiose core of the oligosaccharide, generating a truncated sugar molecule with one N-acetylglucosamine residue remaining on the asparagine. In contrast, PNGase F removes the oligosaccharide intact.Endoglycosidase F2 is less sensitive to protein conformation than PNGase F and is therefore more suitable for deglycosylation of native proteins. However, for optimal results, denaturation of the glycoprotein is recommended.Contents60 µl aliquot of enzyme (0.3 U) in 10 mM sodium acetate 25mM NaCl, pH 4.5Included with 20 µL and 60 µL pack sizes:5x Reaction Buffer – 250 mM sodium acetate, pH 4.5Molecular weight 32,000 daltonsSpecific Activity Defined as the amount of enzyme required to catalyze the release of N-linked oligosaccharides from 1 micromole of denatured porcine fibrinogen in 1 minute at 37°C, pH 5.5. Cleavage is monitored by SDS-PAGE (cleaved fibrinogen migrates faster).Formulation The enzyme is provided as a sterile-filtered solution in 10 mM sodium acetate, 25mM NaCl, pH 4.5Specificity Endo F2 cleaves Asparagine-linked biantennary and high mannose glycans (at a 40X reduced rate). It cleaves between the two N-acetylglucosamine residues in the diacetylchitobiose core of the oligosaccharide, generating a truncated sugar molecule with one N-acetylglucosamine residue remaining on the asparagine. In contrast, PNGase F removes the oligosaccharide intact. Endoglycosidase F2 is less sensitive to protein conformation than PNGase F and is therefore more suitable for deglycosylation of native proteins. However for optimal results, denaturation of the glycoprotein is recommended.Quality & Purity Endo F2 is tested for contaminating protease as follows: 10 µg of denatured BSA is incubated at 37°C for 24 hours with 2 µl of enzyme. SDS-PAGE analysis of the treated BSA shows no evidence of degradation. The production host strain has been extensively tested and does not produce any detectable glycosidases.Stability Several days exposure to ambient temperatures will not reduce activity. Stable at least 12 months when stored properly.Directions for use 1. Add up to 200 µg of glycoprotein to an Eppendorf tube. Adjust to 38 µl final volume with de-ionized water. 2. Add 10 µl 5x Reaction Buffer 4.5 3. Add 2.0 µl of Endo F2 to the reaction. Incubate 1 hour at 37°C. Monitor cleavage by SDS-PAGEThe production host strain has been extensively tested and does not produce any detectable glycosidases... Read More | Human CCL18 is encoded by the CCL18 gene located on the chromosome 17. As also named MIP-4, it shares 61 % sequence identity to human MIP-1α. CCL18 is mainly expressed by lung and some lymphoid tissues like lymph nodes express CCL18 at low level. It is chemotactic for both activated (CD3+) T Human CCL18 is encoded by the CCL18 gene located on the chromosome 17. As also named MIP-4, it shares 61 % sequence identity to human MIP-1α. CCL18 is mainly expressed by lung and some lymphoid tissues like lymph nodes express CCL18 at low level. It is chemotactic for both activated (CD3+) T cells and nonactivated (CD14-) lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. Involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles in lymph nodes. CCL18 plays a role in both humoral and cell mediated immunity responses. Recombinant Human MIP-4/CCL18 is a 7.9kDa protein containing 69 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.Purity>96% SDS-PAGEFunctionChemotactic factor that attracts lymphocytes but not monocytes or granulocytes. May be involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles in lymph nodes. Attracts naive T-lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes, has chemotactic activity for naive T-cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and thus may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses... Read More | Purity>95% (SDS-PAGE&HPLC) Endotoxin level<0.1 EU/µgFunctionMay regulate apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Binds beta-galactoside and a wide array of complex carbohydrates. Inhibits CD45 protein phosphatase activity and therefore the dephosphorylation of Lyn Purity>95% (SDS-PAGE&HPLC) Endotoxin level<0.1 EU/µgFunctionMay regulate apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Binds beta-galactoside and a wide array of complex carbohydrates. Inhibits CD45 protein phosphatase activity and therefore the dephosphorylation of Lyn kinase.Gal-1 is also engaged in many protein-protein interactions. Gal-1 plays a number of crucial roles in neuronal cell differentiation and survival in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems, and the establishment and maintenance of T-cell tolerance and homeostasis in vivo... Read More |