| Description | ATG13 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for ATG13 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components ATG13 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) ATG13 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) ATG13 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control:ATG13 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for ATG13 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components ATG13 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) ATG13 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) ATG13 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of complement. The C1 complex is a non-covalent assembly of three different proteins (C1q, C1r, and C1s) bound together in a calcium-dependent complex. C1q has six extended arms with domains at the end of each arm that bind to the Fc domains of immunoglobulins such as IgG or IgM. When antibodies bind toantigens, forming immune complexes, they cluster allowing two or more of the six C1q arms to bind to the Fc domains of antibodies. Rat IgG2 is very efficient when compared to IgG1 in activating complement (Medgyesi, G.A et., al., 1981). This is in contrast to the human system in which IgG1 activates complement but not IgG2 (Redpath, S. et. al., 1998). The binding of multiple arms of C1q to immune complexes causes the two C1r proteins in the complex (protease zymogens) to auto-activate. The activated C1r proteases cleave and activate the two C1s protease zymogens in the complex. The activated C1s cleaves complement component C4 releasing C4a and initiating covalent attachment of C4b to the activating surface. Activated C1s also cleaves C2 and the larger fragment of C2 binds to the surface-attached C4b forming C4b,C2a, the C3/C5 convertase of the classical pathway.Rat IgG1 cannot activate complement whereas rat IgG2 does.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe apparent molecular weight of rat C1q as determined by gel filtration has been reported to be 400,000 by Veerhuis, R. et al., (1985) and is calculated to be 420,000 based on its amino acid sequence. Rat C1q is a high molecular weight complex of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of the six arms of rat C1q contains three chains, an A chain (~30,000 daltons), a B chain (~28,000 daltons) and a C chain (~26,000 daltons) as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Wing, M.G. et al., (1993)).FunctionThe biological functions of C1q are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.ApplicationsRat C1q can be used to coat ELISA plates to capture and quantitate immune complexes in samples from rat models used for studying immune complex related diseases and conditions.GeneticsNCBI Gene ID numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (298566), C1q B chain (29687), and C1q C chain (362634). The genes for C1q chains A, B and C are all located on chromosome 5. The UniprotKB primary accession numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (P31720), C1q B chain (P31721), and C1q C chain (P31722).Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesMedgyesi, G.A et., Miklos, K., Kulics, J., Fust, G., and Gergely, J. Bazin, H. (1981). Classes and subclasses of rat antibodies: reaction with the antigen and interaction of the complex with the complement system. Immunology 43, 171-176.Redpath, S., Michaelsen, T., Sandlie, I. and Clark, M. R. (1998). Activation of complement by human IgG1 and human IgG3 antibodies against the human leucocyte antigen CD52. Immunology 93, 595–600.Veerhuis, R., Van Es, L.A. and Daha, M.R. (1985). In vivo degradation of rat C1q induced by intravenous injection of soluble IgG aggregates. Immunology 54, 801-810.Wing, M.G., Seilly, D. J., Bridgman, D.J. and Harrison, R.A. (1993). Rapid isolation and biochemical characterization of rat C1 and C1q. Molecular Immunology 30, 433-440... Read More | Es Taq DNA Polymerase is an optimized mixed enzyme of Taq and Pfu DNA Polymerase, with 5 '→ 3' DNA polymerase activity, 5 '→ 3' exonuclease activity, and 3 '→ 5' exonuclease activity. Compared with Taq DNA Polymerase, Es Taq DNA Polymerase has excellent performance of high Es Taq DNA Polymerase is an optimized mixed enzyme of Taq and Pfu DNA Polymerase, with 5 '→ 3' DNA polymerase activity, 5 '→ 3' exonuclease activity, and 3 '→ 5' exonuclease activity. Compared with Taq DNA Polymerase, Es Taq DNA Polymerase has excellent performance of high amplification efficiency and low mismatch rate, and can efficiently amplify DNA fragments. Most of the PCR products amplified with this product contain an "A" base at the 3 'end, which can be directly used for T/A cloning. This product is suitable for conventional PCR reactions and gene cloning reactions that require high fidelity. E665597Component500 UStorageE665597AEs Taq DNA Polymerase, 5 U/µL 100 µL -20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.E665597B10×PCR Buffer 1.8 mL -20℃. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.Activity definition:Using activated salmon sperm DNA as a template/primer, the amount of enzyme required to incorporate 10 nmol of deoxyribonucleotide into acidic insoluble substances is defined as 1 active unit (U) at 74 ℃ for 30 minutes.Quality control:After multiple column purifications, SDS-PAGE detected a purity of over 99%; No exogenous nuclease activity detected; PCR method for detecting residual DNA without host; Can effectively amplify single copy genes in the human genome; Store at room temperature for one month without significant changes in activity.1. PCR reaction system Reagent 50 µlReaction system Final concentration 10×PCR Buffer 5 µL 1× dNTP Mix，10 mM each 1 µL 200 µM each Forward Primer，10 µM 2 µL 0.4 µM Reverse Primer，10 µM 2 µl 0.4 µM Template DNA <0.5 µg <0.5 µg/50 µl Es Taq DNA Polymerase，5 U/µl 0.25-0.5 µl 1.25-2.5U/50 µl ddH2O up to 50 µL /Attention: The primer concentration should be between 0.1 and 1.0 as the final concentration µ M serves as a reference for setting the range. In the case of low amplification efficiency, the concentration of primers can be increased; When non-specific reactions occur, the primer concentration can be reduced to optimize the reaction system. 2. PCR reaction conditions Step Temperature Time / Pre denaturation 94℃ 2 min / Denaturation 94℃ 30 s 25-35 cycles Anneal 55-65℃ 30 s 25-35 cycles Extend 72℃ 30 s 25-35 cycles Finally extended 72℃ 2 min / Attention:1) In general experiments, if the annealing temperature is 5 ℃ lower than the melting temperature Tm of the amplification primer, and the ideal amplification efficiency cannot be achieved, the annealing temperature should be appropriately reduced; When non-specific reactions occur, increase the annealing temperature to optimize the reaction conditions.2) The extension time should be set according to the size of the amplified fragment. The amplification efficiency of Es Taq DNA Polymerase in this product is 2 kb/min.3) The number of cycles can be set based on the downstream application of the amplification product. If the number of cycles is too small, the amplification amount is insufficient; If there are too many cycles, the probability of mismatches will increase, and non-specific backgrounds will be severe. So, while ensuring product yield, the number of cycles should be minimized as much as possible... Read More | Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description:BIRC5, also known as Survivin and EPR-1, is a member of theIAP family. IAP family members usually contain multiple baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains, but BIRC5 has only a single BIR domain. It is expressed cell Purity:>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description:BIRC5, also known as Survivin and EPR-1, is a member of theIAP family. IAP family members usually contain multiple baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains, but BIRC5 has only a single BIR domain. It is expressed cell cycle-dependently and highly expressed at mitosis. As a multitasking protein, BIRC5 has dual roles in promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis. Survivin is a component of a chromosome passage protein complex (CPC) which is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis. Survivin acts as an important regulator of the localization of this complex. It may counteract a default induction of apoptosis in G2/M phase... Read More | Tyrosine decarboxylase catalyzes the removal of the carboxyl group from tyrosine to produce tyramine and carbon dioxide. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a necessary cofactor. By using the apoenzyme prepared from cells grown on a vitamin B6 deficient medium pyridoxal phosphate may be determined. The Tyrosine decarboxylase catalyzes the removal of the carboxyl group from tyrosine to produce tyramine and carbon dioxide. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a necessary cofactor. By using the apoenzyme prepared from cells grown on a vitamin B6 deficient medium pyridoxal phosphate may be determined. The HOLOenzyme may be used to determine tyrosine, phenylalanine and dihydroxyphenylalanine either manometrically or colorimetrically.L-Tyrosine decarboxylase apoenzyme from Streptococcus faecalis has been used in a study to purify and characterize tyrosine decarboxylase and aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase.L-Tyrosine decarboxylase apoenzyme from Streptococcus faecalis has also been used in a study to investigate the stereospecificity of sodium borohydride reduction of tyrosine decarboxylase.One Unit yields 1µmole of CO2 per minute from L-tyrosine at 37°C, pH 5.5. The APOenzyme activity is measured in the presence of excess pyridoxal phosphate... Read More |