| Description | ENC1 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for ENC1 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components ENC1 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) ENC1 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) ENC1 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 ENC1 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for ENC1 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components ENC1 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) ENC1 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) ENC1 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Purity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining. Description： 100B, previously called S100 beta, belongs to the S100 family within the EF-hand superfamily of Ca2+ binding proteins. S100 proteins contain two EF-hand motifs that differ in affinity, separated by a hingePurity:>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining. Description： 100B, previously called S100 beta, belongs to the S100 family within the EF-hand superfamily of Ca2+ binding proteins. S100 proteins contain two EF-hand motifs that differ in affinity, separated by a hinge region with a hydrophobic cleft that is exposed upon Ca2+ binding. S100B is a 91 amino acid (aa) protein, after removal of the initial methionine, and is found as homodimers of 10.4 kDa monomers. Human S100B shares 99%, 98%, 100%, 99% and 97% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, rabbit, equine and bovine S100B, respectively. Within the S100 family, human S100B shows the highest aa identity (59%) with S100A1. S100B is expressed primarily by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Ca2+-bound S100B interacts in vitro with at least 20 cytoplasmic proteins, including several structural molecules such as tubulin and GFAP. It can inhibit the phosphorylation of these kinase substrates and others such as tau and neuromodulin. Astrocytes can secrete S100B, which then acts in a cytokine-like manner. Nanomolar concentrations of S100B are secreted constitutively, promote proliferation, and are neurotrophic and anti-apoptotic. Blood levels of S100B reflect extracellular concentrations within the nervous system, and are elevated in Down’s syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease and Tourette’s syndrome, metabolic stress, acute brain injury and brain tumors. Micromolar concentrations of S100B can be destructive and pro-apoptotic; they induce the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1, IL‑6 and TNF-alpha by microglia, astrocytes or neurons. Most extracellular actions of S100B can be mediated by RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), which is also a receptor for other S100 proteins... Read More | Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by Background:VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes. It plays a critical role in inflammation by recruiting leukocytes to acute and chronic inflammation sites. Alternatively-spliced forms are known to occur, but the most common form is a type I transmembrane protein with a 674 aa extracellular domain (ECD) that includes seven C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 19 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, human VCAM-1 shares 75% and 76% aa sequence identity with the mouse and rat VCAM-1, respectively. VCAM-1 binds to leukocyte integrins alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7. During the inflammatory adhesion mechanism, activated integrins halt rolling leukocytes and attach them firmly to the vascular endothelium. The VCAM-1:VLA-4/ alpha 4 beta 7 interaction is also thought to be involved in the extravasation of white blood cells through the blood vessel wall to sites of inflammation. ELISA techniques have shown that detectable levels of soluble VCAM-1 are present in the biological fluids of apparently normal individuals, but elevated levels of serum VCAM-1 are indicative of future Atrial Fibrillation incident as well as liver disease. Tumor cells use overexpression of VCAM-1 as means of escaping immune surveillance.Post-translational modifications：Sialoglycoprotein.Function:Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with the beta-1 integrin VLA4 on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/VLA4 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation... Read More | Purity>98% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.Additional sequence informationBelongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.FunctionActs as a scavenger receptor on macrophages, which specifically binds to OxLDL (oxidized low density lipoprotein), suggesting that it may be involved in Purity>98% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.Additional sequence informationBelongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.FunctionActs as a scavenger receptor on macrophages, which specifically binds to OxLDL (oxidized low density lipoprotein), suggesting that it may be involved in pathophysiology such as atherogenesis (By similarity). Induces a strong chemotactic response. Induces calcium mobilization. Binds to CXCR6/Bonzo.Post-translationalGlycosylated... Read More | Product Characteristics UNI-StabilPLUS is a universal stabilizer for the dilution and stabilization of both Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) labeled proteins and antibodies, in order to maintain the molecular conformation and prevent loss of activity over time. This enablesProduct Characteristics UNI-StabilPLUS is a universal stabilizer for the dilution and stabilization of both Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) labeled proteins and antibodies, in order to maintain the molecular conformation and prevent loss of activity over time. This enables the making of pre-diluted, ready-to-use conjugates, minimizing assay errors in dilution. Superior stabilization of HRP and AP conjugated antibodies in low as well as high protein dilutions is seen, when using UNI-StabilPLUS. When tested with AP conjugated antibody stability is seen as follows: • at least 3 years at 2-8 °C • at least 2 years at room temperature • at least 4 weeks at 37 °C When tested with HRP conjugated antibody stability is seen as follows: • at least 2 years at 2-8 °C • at least 1 years at room temperature • at least 2 weeks at 37 °CUNI-StabilPLUS is recommended for the dilution of antibodies directed against rabbit immunoglobulins unlike HRP-StabilPLUS (cat. no. H494387) and Antibody Enhancer (cat. no. A494276).Composition & Properties UNI-StabilPLUS is a ready-to use buffer that appears as an opaque solution. The product is based on a mild acid Tris buffer containing proprietary stabilizing components. UNI-StabilPLUS contains neither BSA, nor other material from bovine serum, no azide, mercury or other toxic components.Working Procedure 1.Make a series of dilutions of the HRP- or AP conjugated protein in UNI-StabilPLUS in order to determine the optimal dilution. 2.Run the assay as usual or store the diluted conjugated protein preferably at 2-8 °C.Tips & Tricks • Avoid using phosphate buffers for AP-conjugated antibody assays. We recommend the use of Tris/HCl, Tween as the washing buffer, instead of a PBS buffer which will reduce signal significantly. • For extended stability of HRP conjugated antibodies, HRP-StabilPLUS (cat. no. H494387) is recommended. Handling & Storage • Store solution at 2-8 °C... Read More |