| Description | EPB41L1 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for EPB41L1 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components EPB41L1 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) EPB41L1 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) EPB41L1 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA EPB41L1 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for EPB41L1 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components EPB41L1 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) EPB41L1 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) EPB41L1 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Inquire | Purity>97% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.FunctionMay be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation. It is mitogenic for fibroblasts and smooth muscle but not endothelial cells. It is able to bind EGF receptors with higher affinity than EGF itself and is a far more potent mitogen for Purity>97% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.FunctionMay be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation. It is mitogenic for fibroblasts and smooth muscle but not endothelial cells. It is able to bind EGF receptors with higher affinity than EGF itself and is a far more potent mitogen for smooth muscle cells than EGF. Also acts as a diphtheria toxin receptor.Background:Human HB-EGF (Heparin-Binding EGF-like growth factor) is a 12-16 kDa member of the EGF family of peptide growth factors (1-3). Also known as the DTR (diphtheria toxin receptor), it is further classified as a group 2 ErbB ligand based on its ability to activate both the EGF/ErbB1 and ErbB4 receptors (4, 5). HB-EGF is synthesized as a 208 amino acid (aa) type I transmembrane preproprecursor (1, 6). It contains a 19 aa signal sequence, a 43 aa prosegment, an 86 aa mature region (aa 63-148), an 11 aa juxtamembrane cleavage peptide, a 24 aa transmembrane segment, and a 25 aa cytoplasmic tail (aa 184-208). As an integral membrane protein, HB-EGF is expressed as a 19-27 kDa protein in mammalian cells (7-9). The variability in molecular weight (MW) is attributed to heterogeneity in glycosylation and/or the utilization of multiple proteolytic cleavage sites during maturation. Mature HB-EGF is a soluble peptide that arises from proteolytic processing of the transmembrane form. It possesses an EGF-like domain between aa 104-144, and a heparin-binding motif between aa 93‑113. Although the aa range for "mature" HB-EGF is typically stated to be Asp63-Leu148, potential N-terminal start (cleavage) sites also exist at Gly32, Arg73, Val74, Ser77 and Ala82 (8, 10-12). Thus, differential processing (in part) likely accounts for the 16-23 kDa range in MW noted for mammalian-derived mature HB-EGF. Proteases suggested to contribute to HB-EGF processing include TACE, MMP-3 and -7, ADAM-17 and ADAM-12 (11, 13-16). When expressed recombinantly in E.coli, HB-EGF (aa 73-148) runs at 14 kDa in SDS-PAGE; when expressed in Baculovirus, HB-EGF (aa 63-148, 77-148 and 32-148) runs at 18 kDa, 15 kDa, and 19 kDa respectively (8, 12, 17). Over aa 63-148, human HB-EGF- shares 76% and 73% aa sequence identity with rat and mouse HB-EGF, respectively (1, 18). Cells known to express HB-EGF include bronchial epithelium (19), visceral and vascular smooth muscle (20, 21), CD4+ T cells (22), cardiac muscle (23), glomerular podocytes (24), keratinocytes (13) and IL-10-secreting regulatory macrophages (25). As noted earlier, HB-EGF is known to bind to both 170 kDa EGFR and 180 kDa ErbB4, and through heterodimerization, ErbB2 (13, 26). Activity associated with ErbB4 binding appears to be limited to non-mitogenic actions, while EGFR binding induces both mitogenic and non-mitogenic activity... Read More | Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：KGF (keratinocyte growth factor), also known as FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor-7), is one of 22 known members of the mouse FGF family of secreted proteins that plays a key role in development, Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Coomassie® Blue Staining.Description：KGF (keratinocyte growth factor), also known as FGF-7 (fibroblast growth factor-7), is one of 22 known members of the mouse FGF family of secreted proteins that plays a key role in development, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumorigenesis (1-4). KGF expression is restricted to cells of mesenchymal origin. When secreted, it acts as a paracrine growth factor for nearby epithelial cells (1). KGF speeds wound healing by being dramatically upregulated in response to damage to skin or internal structures that results in high local concentrations of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1 and TNF-alpha. (2, 5). KGF promotes cell migration and invasion, and mediates melanocyte transfer to keratinocytes upon UVB radiation (6, 7). It has been used ectopically to avoid chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with hematological malignancies (1). Deletion of KGF affects kidney development, producing abnormally small ureteric buds and fewer nephrons (8). It also impedes hair follicle differentiation (9). The 194 amino acid (aa) KGF precursor contains a 31 aa signal sequence and, like all other FGFs, an ~120 aa beta -trefoil scaffold that includes receptor- and heparin-binding sites. KGF signals only through the IIIb splice form of the tyrosine kinase receptor, FGF R2 (FGF R2-IIIb/KGF R) (10). Receptor dimerization requires an octameric or larger heparin or heparin sulfate proteoglycan (11). FGF-10, also called KGF2, shares 51% aa identity and similar function to KGF, but shows more limited expression than KGF and uses an additional receptor, FGF R2-IIIc (12). Following receptor engagement, KGF is typically degraded, while FGF-10 is recycled (12). Mature human KGF, which is active across species, shares 98% aa sequence identity with bovine, equine, ovine and canine, 96% with mouse and porcine, and 92% with rat KGF, respectively... Read More | Purity>98% SDS-PAGE. > 98 % by HPLC.Additional sequence informationThis product is for the mature full length protein. The signal peptide is not included.FunctionCytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including Purity>98% SDS-PAGE. > 98 % by HPLC.Additional sequence informationThis product is for the mature full length protein. The signal peptide is not included.FunctionCytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes.BackgroundGM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates the development of neutrophils and macrophages, and promotes the proliferation and development of early erythroid megakaryocytic and eosinophilic progenitor cells. It is produced by endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts and T-lymphocytes. GM-CSF inhibits neutrophil migration and enhances the functional activity of the mature end-cells. GM-CSF has also been reported to have a functional role on non-hematopoietic cells and can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, it can stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines. It is reported that GM-CSF has no biological effects across species. Recombinant Rat GM-CSF is a 14.5kDa globular protein consisting of 127 amino acid residues... Read More |