| Description | CNPY4 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for CNPY4 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components CNPY4 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) CNPY4 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) CNPY4 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control:CNPY4 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for CNPY4 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components CNPY4 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) CNPY4 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) CNPY4 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | DescriptionApolipoprotein E (ApoE) is present in the brain and is mainly produced by astrocytes. It is a 299 amino acid glycoprotein of 34kDa. It is present in all classes of lipoproteins except LDL (low-density lipoprotein). APOE gene has three alleles, such as APOE ε3, APOE ε4and APOE &#DescriptionApolipoprotein E (ApoE) is present in the brain and is mainly produced by astrocytes. It is a 299 amino acid glycoprotein of 34kDa. It is present in all classes of lipoproteins except LDL (low-density lipoprotein). APOE gene has three alleles, such as APOE ε3, APOE ε4and APOE ε2. It is located on human chromosome 19q13.Preparation instructionsFormLyophillized from a 0.2 µm filtered solution in 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.8.Principle... Read More | Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of Protein Purity≥85% by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.631 at 1.0 mg/ml for pure C1qMolecular Weight400,000 Da (18 chains)General DescriptionRat C1q is purified from pooled normal rat serum. C1q is part of the C1 complex, which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of complement. The C1 complex is a non-covalent assembly of three different proteins (C1q, C1r, and C1s) bound together in a calcium-dependent complex. C1q has six extended arms with domains at the end of each arm that bind to the Fc domains of immunoglobulins such as IgG or IgM. When antibodies bind toantigens, forming immune complexes, they cluster allowing two or more of the six C1q arms to bind to the Fc domains of antibodies. Rat IgG2 is very efficient when compared to IgG1 in activating complement (Medgyesi, G.A et., al., 1981). This is in contrast to the human system in which IgG1 activates complement but not IgG2 (Redpath, S. et. al., 1998). The binding of multiple arms of C1q to immune complexes causes the two C1r proteins in the complex (protease zymogens) to auto-activate. The activated C1r proteases cleave and activate the two C1s protease zymogens in the complex. The activated C1s cleaves complement component C4 releasing C4a and initiating covalent attachment of C4b to the activating surface. Activated C1s also cleaves C2 and the larger fragment of C2 binds to the surface-attached C4b forming C4b,C2a, the C3/C5 convertase of the classical pathway.Rat IgG1 cannot activate complement whereas rat IgG2 does.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe apparent molecular weight of rat C1q as determined by gel filtration has been reported to be 400,000 by Veerhuis, R. et al., (1985) and is calculated to be 420,000 based on its amino acid sequence. Rat C1q is a high molecular weight complex of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of the six arms of rat C1q contains three chains, an A chain (~30,000 daltons), a B chain (~28,000 daltons) and a C chain (~26,000 daltons) as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Wing, M.G. et al., (1993)).FunctionThe biological functions of C1q are described above in the General Description and Physical Characteristics sections.ApplicationsRat C1q can be used to coat ELISA plates to capture and quantitate immune complexes in samples from rat models used for studying immune complex related diseases and conditions.GeneticsNCBI Gene ID numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (298566), C1q B chain (29687), and C1q C chain (362634). The genes for C1q chains A, B and C are all located on chromosome 5. The UniprotKB primary accession numbers for rat C1q are: C1q A chain (P31720), C1q B chain (P31721), and C1q C chain (P31722).Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from animal plasma/serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any animal blood-derived product must be used.ReferencesMedgyesi, G.A et., Miklos, K., Kulics, J., Fust, G., and Gergely, J. Bazin, H. (1981). Classes and subclasses of rat antibodies: reaction with the antigen and interaction of the complex with the complement system. Immunology 43, 171-176.Redpath, S., Michaelsen, T., Sandlie, I. and Clark, M. R. (1998). Activation of complement by human IgG1 and human IgG3 antibodies against the human leucocyte antigen CD52. Immunology 93, 595–600.Veerhuis, R., Van Es, L.A. and Daha, M.R. (1985). In vivo degradation of rat C1q induced by intravenous injection of soluble IgG aggregates. Immunology 54, 801-810.Wing, M.G., Seilly, D. J., Bridgman, D.J. and Harrison, R.A. (1993). Rapid isolation and biochemical characterization of rat C1 and C1q. Molecular Immunology 30, 433-440... Read More | Aprotinin is a competitive serine protease inhibitor that inhibits trypsin,chymotrypsin,kallikrein and plasmin.Aprotinin forms stable complexes with and blocks the active sites of enzymes. Binding is reversible with most aprotinin,protease complexes and dissociating at pH >10 or <3. Effective Aprotinin is a competitive serine protease inhibitor that inhibits trypsin,chymotrypsin,kallikrein and plasmin.Aprotinin forms stable complexes with and blocks the active sites of enzymes. Binding is reversible with most aprotinin,protease complexes and dissociating at pH >10 or <3. Effective concentration is equimolar with protease.Recombinant aprotinin is expressed in E. Coli, and purified with HPLC. It contains no animal-derived components. This is a recombinant form of bovine lung aprotinin, which is traditionally isolated from bovine lung by methods involving fractional precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. UNIT DEFINITION:A conversion factor for Aprotinin is: 1 EPU = 1 USP Aprotinin Unit = 1800 KIU... Read More | FunctionSignal-transducing molecule. The receptor systems for IL6, LIF, OSM, CNTF, IL11, CTF1 and BSF3 can utilize gp130 for initiating signal transmission. Binds to IL6/IL6R (alpha chain) complex, resulting in the formation of high-affinity IL6 binding sites, and transduces the signal. Does not FunctionSignal-transducing molecule. The receptor systems for IL6, LIF, OSM, CNTF, IL11, CTF1 and BSF3 can utilize gp130 for initiating signal transmission. Binds to IL6/IL6R (alpha chain) complex, resulting in the formation of high-affinity IL6 binding sites, and transduces the signal. Does not bind IL6. May have a role in embryonic development (By similarity). The type I OSM receptor is capable of transducing OSM-specific signaling events.Post-translationalPhosphorylation of Ser-782 down-regulates cell surface expression. Heavily N-glycosylated... Read More |